• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.130-139
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• 2015

본 연구에서 순천만 일대 새우 양식장 부근에서 이뤄지는 태양광 발전에 따른 소음영향평가방법을 진단하였다. 순천만 폐양식장에 태양광 발전시설이 설치되는 경우, 임계거리 17미터 이내에 위치한 새우양식장 $S_2$와 $S_3$(15미터 이격)은 소음에 대한 저감대책을 수립하지 않은 상태로 작업할 경우에는 악영향이 나타날 수 있다. 소음 스트레스를 감소시키기 위해 방음 판넬을 설치할 시, 본 연구에서 고려한 공사장비 최저효율(Case A), 일반효율(Case B), 최고효율(Case C)에 대한 수중소음 환경목표기준을 만족하는 것으로 나타났다. 건설 장비에서 발생되는 대기 소음이 수중으로 전파될 경우, 보다 합리적인 계산을 통해 수중 소음도 예측과 함께 주변 양식장에 미치는 누적 영향에 대한 심도 있는 평가 및 대책 수립이 필요하다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.1102-1110
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• 2010

갯벌 퇴적토는 미생물 다양성이 매우 높다고 알려져 있다. 하지만 인위적인 교란에 의해 갯벌 퇴적토 내 미생물 다양성이 달라질 수 있다. 지속적인 퇴적토 내 미생물 다양성 모니터링을 위해서는 대표성을 지닌 시료의 채취가 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 강화도 여차리 갯벌을 대상으로 식생이 있는 지역과 식생이 없는 지역의 미생물 다양성과 이화학적 특성치를 지구 통계학적으로 비교분석 하였다. 갯벌 시료에서 측정된 미생물 다양성과 다양한 이화학적 특성치를 지구통계학적으로 분석한 결과, 식생이 존재하는 지역에서의 상관거리가 식생이 존재하지 않는 지역에 비하여 대체로 짧다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이는 식생이 존재하는 지역의 높은 생태학적 및 이화학적 복잡성과 이질성으로 인해 식생이 존재하는 지역에서는 식생이 존재하지 않는 지역에서 보다 비교적 좁은 간격으로 시료를 채취해야 한다는 것을 의미한다. 데이터 마이닝 기법을 사용하여 미생물 다양성에 영향을 주는 주요 환경영향 인자를 분석한 결과, 식생이 존재하는 지역에서는 유기물 함량과 질산염이온, 식생이 존재하지 않는 지역에서는 pH와 황산염이온이 미생물 다양성에 영향을 끼친다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 지구통계학 및 데이터 마이닝 분석 결과들을 활용해서 갯벌 퇴적토 내 미생물 다양성 측정을 위한 시료 채취 간격 및 개수 선정 지침을 본 연구에서 제안하였다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.79-89
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• 2007

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the present status of several environmental problems caused by emerging toxic substances such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), and arsenic in various environmental media in Vietnam. Monitoring data reported during the 1990s demonstrated elevated contamination of DDTs in most of these compartments in Vietnam. Studies in frame of the Asia-Pacific Mussel Watch Program revealed that fish, mussels and resident birds from Vietnam contained higher concentrations of DDTs as compared to other countries in region, suggesting the role of Vietnamese environment as a significant emission source of DDT in the Southeast Asian region. The estimated dietary intakes of PCBs and DDTs for Vietnamese were relatively high among Asian developing countries, suggesting potential risk for humans posed by thesechemicals. Widespread contamination of some endocrine active compounds such as alkylphenols and phthalates was observed at various sites along the coasts of northern and middle Vietnam. The presence of significant source of bisphenol-A along Red River estuary was revealed with the concentrations comparable to those reported for developed nations. A case study on seasonal variation of alkylphenols and phthalates in surface water of river delta and estuary of north and middle Vietnam indicated the differences in distribution of these compounds between dry and rainy seasons. Higher concentrations of alkylphenols and phthalates were found in dry season in estuary; while the contrasting pattern was observed in the river delta, showing elevated residues in rainy season. This result suggests the different behavior of alkylphenols and phthalates in river delta and coastal environment. From ecotoxicological perspectives, concentrations of bis-phenol A and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalates [DEHP] in surface water from some locations in Vietnam exceeded the guideline values for Ecotoxicological Effects and the Environmental Risk Limit, respectively, suggesting potential for toxic implications on aquatic wildlife. Widespread and elevated arsenic contamination was discovered inour recent surveys in groundwater in a large area of suburban areas of Hanoi city, the capital of Vietnam. The most recent investigation in 4 villages showed about more than 50 % of groundwater samples contained As concentrations exceeding 50 g/L (the WHO and Vietnamese standard). In particular, in Son Dong villages, 58 % of samples analyzed contained As concentrations higher than 200 g/L. Good correlations were found in As concentrations in water and hair and urine of peoples in corresponding families, suggesting the chronic exposure to As by people living in As-contaminated ground water areas. In Son Dong village, As levels in hair (mean: 1.7 mg/kg dry wt) and urine (g/g creatinine) exceeding the reference values recommended by WHO, suggesting potential for human risk posed by long term accumulation of As in human body. Future studies should be focused on the time trends of POPs and EDCs in biota in Vietnam in order to predict future trend of contamination and to reveal new clues for understanding possible toxic impacts on aquatic organisms. The issues of arsenic contamination in groundwater and their chronic toxic implications on human health should be systematically investigated in the future.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제105권2호
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• pp.238-246
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• 2016

본 연구는 Post-2020을 대비하는 일본의 REDD+의 국가전략과 각 기관별 추진현황을 파악하고, JCM(Joint Credit Mechanism) REDD+ 가이드라인의 문제점에 대한 우리나라 REDD+의 대응 방안 및 시사점을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. JCM-REDD+ 가이드라인의 기술적 한계를 보면, REDD+ 사업의 대상이 되는 산림의 적합성은 세이프가드 간섭이 적은 곳을 선점하는 문제가 있으며, 참조배출기준선의 설정은 기준연도에 따라서 추세선이 변화하기 때문에 배출량 차이가 발생할 수 있다. 또한, REDD+의 배출이동(누출)은 누출지역이 발생하였을 때, 누출면적과 관계없이 일정계수를 곱하여 산출하기 때문에 불확실성을 포함하고 있으며, 모니터링 실시방침은 국가 및 준국가 단위의 방법만을 제시하고 있어 프로젝트 단위의 방법론이 필요하다. 마지막으로 세이프가드에 대한 방침은 세부사항 없이 목록으로만 제시하고 있어 국제통용의 항목 규정이 필요하다. 이와 같은 문제점들은 크레딧의 분배와 계층적접근(Nested Approach) 등의 더블카운팅(Double Counting) 문제와도 관련이 있으며, 앞으로 우리나라는 이를 고려하여 REDD+ 사업을 시행해야 할 것이다.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2010

최근까지 도시시설물 관리를 위해 활용된 GIS 기술은 주로 2차원 기반의 GIS 기술이었다. 하지만 도시시설물은 3차원 공간상에 존재하며 이를 2차원으로 추상화시키면 정보의 손실이 일어나게 된다. 또한 도시 공간 내에 점차 시설물의 수가 증가하고 있고 대부분의 도시시설물이 지하공간에 위치하기 때문에 2차원 기반의 시스템에서 도시 내 모든 시설물의 정보를 통시에 파악하고 관리하는 것이 어려워지고 있다 본 논문에서는 멀티 텍스처 기법을 이용한 다차원 도시시설물 관리 시스템을 제안한다. 제안된 시스템은 3차원 상에서 도시시설물을 가시화하여 데이터의 손실을 줄이고 정보의 가독성을 높이며, 2차원 벡터 데이터의 3차원 라스터 변환을 통한 가시화 기법을 개발하여 다양한 2차원 GIS 의 공간분석 결과를 3차원 데이터와 동시에 활용할 수 있도록 한다. 또한 3차원 데이터를 처리하는 경우에 시스템의 속도 및 성능이 저하되어 활용 효율성이 떨어지는 문제를 해결하기 위하여 다중 스레드 프로세스를 적용하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 기술은 기존에 텍스처를 통해 보여주던 센서의 상태정보를 3차원 영상, 시설물 데이터와 함께 시각정보로 표출함으로써 직관적인 시설물 모니터링이 가능해졌다는데 의의가 있다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2015

Ecological reservoir is a multifunctional space where provides the functions of retention, animal habitat and improvement of ecosystem health and landscape. The ecological reservoir of Anteo Eco Park located in Gwangmyeong-si has established to functions for water purification, maintenance of healthy aquatic ecosystem. Because the Anteo Eco Park is located in the site where nonpoint pollutant materials flow in, Anteo Eco Park has potential factors which aquatic ecosystem health deteriorates and damages the habitat of golden frog(Rana plancyi chosenica) which is restoration target species. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to suggest the plan to manage the variables which impede the right functions of aquatic ecosystem by understanding the causal loop diagram for the change of water quality environment and the interaction of predator-prey through system thinking. The results are as follows. First, the study showed that the individual number of golden frog which is an indicator species of Anteo Eco Park is threatened by snakeheaded fish, which is an upper predator. Therefore, balanced food chain should be hold to protect golden frog by capturing the snakeheaded fish which is individual number's density is high, and the monitoring management of the individual number for predator(snakeheaded fish)-prey(golden frog) should be performed. Second, the study represented that water pollution and carnification is caused by the sediment as the dead body of the large emergent vegetation in the winter cumulates as sediment. Ecological reservoir in Anteo Eco Park has been managed by eliminating the dead body of the large emergent vegetation, but the guideline for the proper density maintenance of vegetation community is additionally needed. Lastly, the study showed that aquatic ecosystem of Anteo Eco Park where is contaminated from the inflow of nonpoint pollutants affects the individual number's decline of golden frog and snakeheaded fish. Accordingly, the creation of a buffer area and a substitution wetland is needed in the periphery of the Anteo Eco Park to control the inflow of nonpoint pollutants including organic matters, nutrients and heavy metals. This study will be helpful that Anteo Eco Park improves the regional landscape and maintain healthy aquatic ecosystem space for the park visitors including local residents.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.10-18
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• 2016

Objectives: Microcystin (MC) produced during cyanobacterial blooms is a worldwide problem presenting a serious health threats to humans and ecosystems. During July through October of 2013, the Ilwol Reservoir experienced a high biomass of phytoplankton (maximum $211.7mg/m^3$ of Chlorophyll-a) containing the toxigenic cyanobacterium Oscillatoria sp. The aim of this study is to analyze MC concentration in the reservoir water, as well as in representative fish species (Carassius cuvieri, Carassius auratus, Channa argus). We also evaluated the human health risk of exposure to MCs accumulated in the fish. Methods: Concentrations of MCs in the water and fish samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography with a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer (LC/MS/MS) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The total levels of four MC variants, including MC-LR, MC-RR, MC-YR and MC-LA were below the WHO drinking water guideline limit (1 ug MC-LR per liter) both for the dissolved and particulate fraction present in the water samples. The mean MC concentrations in the livers of all species were significantly higher than in the gills (p < 0.01) and muscles (p < 0.05). The values of estimated daily intake of MCs in muscles, the edible part of the fish, would be only $0.005-0.015{\mu}g/kg{\cdot}day$, much lower than WHO's provisional tolerable daily intake of $0.04{\mu}g/kg{\cdot}day$. Conclusion: This study suggests that, owing to the spatial distribution or temporal variation of MC, there is a need for careful monitoring of cyanotoxin in reservoir water and aquatic animals to protect public health.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.3341-3355
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• 2016

Background: A recent WHO data report on mortality attributable to tobacco use including cigarette smoking indicated a very high burden of deaths in Asia and that people often initiate smoking as early as young adolescents. The objectives of this study were to systematically review peer-reviewed articles on cigarette smoking initiation among Asian adolescents and to develop a conceptual model of factors influencing smoking initiation by integrating all relevant factors based on existing data. Materials and Methods: Following a PRISMA guideline, a systematic review of articles published between 2005 and June 2015 was conducted using 5 databases on cigarette smoking initiation among adolescents (aged 10-19 years) living in Asia. We summarized the main findings of each study according to our research questions and data that emerged during the data extraction process. Analysis and categorization were based on the TTI and TPB models and classification of factors extracted from the study, were as follows: personal factors, social factors, broader environmental factors, mediators, and intention to initiate smoking and smoking behavior. Results: Of 1,227 identified studies, only 20 were included in this review. Our findings found that the mean age of cigarette smoking initiation ranged from 10 to 14 years and those who are more likely to initiate smoking are male, older adolescents, adolescents with low parental SES, individuals with low parental monitoring, low parental education level and having no discussion on smoking at home, those living in public housing and those exhibiting health-risk behavior. Our study also revealed that the risk of smoking initiation increased when they are exposed to smokers, influenced by peers, exposed to tobacco advertisements, receive pocket money, have lack of knowledge about smoking, have poor school performance, have a family conflict and have psychological problems. The conceptual model developed demonstrated complex networks of factors influencing initiation. Conclusions: This systematic review presents various factors influencing smoking initiation of the Asian adolescents and provides a conceptual framework to further analyze factors. Future studies should have a standard measure of smoking initiation, should analyze interactions and the intensity of relationships between different factors or variables in the conceptual model. This will in turn consolidate the understanding of the different factors affecting smoking initiation and will help to improve interventions in this area.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.550-557
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the preferences and needs of typical Korean females adults for food and nutrition information provided by the mass media. Methods: A total of 343 females (77 in their 20s, 85 in their 30s, 88 in their 40s and 93 in their 50s) residing in the Seoul/Gyeonggido area was surveyed on general characteristics, main sources of food and nutrition information and needs for sources and contents of nutrition information. Results: The survey showed that typical Korean females obtained knowledge of food and nutrition mainly through the Internet (30.4%) and broadcasting (29.0%). Typical Korean females were interested in 'dietary management for weight control' (21.9%), 'the prevention and treatment of disease' (20.0%), 'food safety' (16.8%), 'proper dietary habits' (14.6%), 'cookery' (11.8%), 'functional foods' (9.6%), 'restaurant details' (3.5%) and 'life-cycle-specific dietary guideline' (1.6%). Needs for food and nutrition program forms on TV were 'educational programs' (34.3%), 'documentaries' (20.8), 'expert lecture-style' (13.0%), 'entertainment programs' (11.9%), 'expert conversation' (11.4%), 'news-style' (4.6%) and 'public campaign advertisements' (4.0%). On the Internet, 38.6% of the respondents preferred to get information provided by food and nutrition-related institutions (38.6%) while 26.1% preferred webtoons for nutritional information. The favored forms in mobile applications were 'monitoring their diets' (29.5%), 'data-based texts information' (21.4%), 'experts feedback' (20.6%), 'communities' (15.1%) and 'games' (13.1%). The rates of the preference to obtain information from experts such as nutritionists and dietitians and doctorsor dietitian turned reporters increased markedly with older ages. Conclusions: Since the mass media is a main source of food and nutrition information for the general public, the effectiveness and accuracy of the information provided should be enhanced by taking the needs of the public into account. The quality of information should be improved by involving more nutrition experts.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.174-181
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• 2009

본 연구는 우리나라 환경평가제도에서 해안침식 문제를 합리적으로 다루기 위한 시도의 일환으로 기존 환경평가서를 대상으로 해안침식 환경평가 현황을 조사 분석하였으며 이를 토대로 기술적 제도적 개선방안을 제시하였다. 해안침식 검토가 필요한 개발계획은 전체 검토사업 중 약 20%를 차지하였으며 사업규모가 클수록 그 비율은 증가하였다. 환경평가 대상사업 중 해안침식 검토가 필요한 사업에 대한 재정비와 함께 현재 검토가 이루어지고 있는 사업에 대해서도 항목설정, 영향예측, 및 사후관리 등 전반적인 개선이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 현황에 대한 개선방안으로 작성규정 재정비, 관련 가이드라인 개발, 누적영향평가 실시 등을 제시하였다. 또한 해안침식 영향평가의 과학적 불확실성을 감안할 때 사후관리가 주요한 과정으로 인식되어야 하며 해안침식과 관련하여 사후관리 기간의 재검토, 과학적 보상방안 도입 및 사후관리 기관의 설치 등의 제도적 개선방안을 제시하였다. 더불어 연안토사의 효율적 관리를 위한 국가종합정책의 개발이 필요하며, 전략 환경평가를 통한 이들 정책 및 계획의 합리성을 검토하고 사업환경평가를 통하여 일관성이 유지되는 과정이 구축되어야 한다.