• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.27-40
• /
• 2004

The objective of this study is to identify the kinematic variables of giant swing backward to handstand as well as individual variations of each athlete performing this skill, which in turn will provide the basis for developing suitable training methods and for improving athlete's performance in actual games. For this end, 3 male athletes, members of the national team, who are in ${\Box}{\Box}H{\Box}{\Box}$ University, have been randomly chosen and their giant swing backward to handstand performance was recorded using two digital cameras and analyzed in 3 dimensional graphics. This study came to the following conclusion. 1. Proper time allocation for giant swing backward to handstand are: Phase 1 should provide enough time to attain energy for swing track of a grand round movement. The phase 3 is to throw the body up high in the air and stay in the air as long as possible to smoothen up the transition to the next stage and the phase 4 should be kept short with the moment arm coefficient of the body reduced. 2. As for appropriate changes of locations of body center, the phase 1 should be comprised of horizontal, perpendicular, compositional to make up a big rotational radius. Up to the Phase 3 the changes of displacements of vertical locations should be a good scale and athlete's body should go up high quickly to increase the perpendicular climbing power 3. When it comes to the speed changes of body center, the vertical and horizontal speed should be spurred by the reaction of the body in Phase 2 and Phase 3. In the Phase 4, fast vertical speed throws the body center up high to ensure enough time for in-the-air movement. 4. The changes of angles of body center are: in Phase 2, shoulder joint is stretching and coxa should be curved up to utilize the body reaction. In the Phase 4, shoulder joint and coxa should be stretched out to get the body center as high as possible in the air for stable landing. 5. The speeds of changes in joints angles are: in the Phase 2 should have the speed of angles of shoulder joints increase to get the body up in the air as quickly as possible. The Phase 3 should have the speed of angles in shoulder joint slow down, while putting the angles of a knee joint up to speed as quickly as possible to ensure enough time for in-the-air movement.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.137-146
• /
• 2014

원주 KSRS 지진관측망을 이용하여 한반도 및 주변지역의 인공지진원을 식별하기 위한 연구를 수행하였다. 신호대 잡음비가 높은 자연지진 150개와 인공지진 56개를 선별하여 표본 집단을 형성하였다. 2차원 Pg/Lg 스펙트럼 진폭 비의 격자를 구성하여 지진원 식별이 용이한 최적의 주파수 영역으로 Pg(4-6 Hz)/Lg(5-7 Hz)을 도출하였다. 스펙트럼으로 부터 진폭에 대한 지진 규모와 진원 거리의 영향을 보정함으로써 식별 능력을 향상시키고자 하였다. 지진모멘트에 대한 모서리주파수의 역비례 관계로 인한 규모 의존 효과를 보정하기 위하여, Brune의 진원 모델을 가정한 이론 스펙트럼을 관측 스펙트럼에서 제거하였다. 진원 거리에 따른 감쇠효과를 제거하기 위하여, 최적의 감쇠상수를 계산하여 스펙트럼을 보정하였다. 지진파 전파 경로에 대한 보정으로 지역에 따라 스펙트럼 진폭 비가 달라지는 효과를 제거하였다. 자연지진과 인공지진 표본 집단 사이의 식별 정도를 각 보정 단계에서 Mahalanobis 거리 계산을 통하여 비교하였다. 규모와 거리 및 경로 보정 전후 두 표본 집단 사이의 Mahalanobis 거리가 1.98에서 3.01로 증가하여 식별 결과에 뚜렷한 향상이 있었다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제36권5호
• /
• pp.891-901
• /
• 2016

측상구조를 갖는 다변성 지반에서 시행된 3개소 24회의 시험발파로부터 획득한 발파진동 데이터를 지층단면도와 연계하여 제어가 불가능한 지반 특성으로 인한 발파진동 영향을 분석하였다. 화산쇄설층인 클링커층이 불규칙하게 반복되는 층상구조에 대한 발파공학적 경험과 자료의 부족 등으로 충분한 검토가 이루어지지 않은 비효율적인 발파가 이루어지고 있다. 시험발파 지역 내 클링커층의 N값은 매우 다양한 범위로 나타나 정량화하기 매우 어렵다. 그리고 현장의 전체 발파진동 추정식(SRSD)은 감쇠지수 n의 절대값이 설계지침보다 작게 나타나 발파진동이 멀리 전파되었으며, 발파진동상수 K와 감쇠지수 n이 상대적으로 매우 작은 값을 보인 시험발파. 1의 진동특성을 지층단면도로부터 유추한 결과, 연암층 하부에 접한 클링커층 인근까지 발파천공이 진행되어 발파 시 하부에 넓게 분포하고 있는 클링커층으로 폭발 가스압이 손실되었을 것으로 판단된다. 이로 인해 암파쇄량도 절반정도로 감소하였다. 그리고 현장의 주주파수 대역은 일반적인 구조물의 고유 주파수 대역과 유사한 저주파수 대역으로 확인되었다.

• 한국보육지원학회지
• /
• 제10권5호
• /
• pp.83-100
• /
• 2014

본 연구는 유아교육기관 교사의 다문화교육 목표에 대한 관점과 다문화교육 태도 및 다문화 교수효능감과의 관계를 분석한 연구이다. J시의 유치원과 어린이집 교사 총 296명을 대상으로 Pang(2005)의 다문화교육의 목표에 대한 교사의 관점, Ponterotto와 동료들(1998)이 개발한 교사 다문화 태도 척도 (Teacher Multicultural Attitude Survey: TMAS)를 옥장흠(2009)이 수정 보완한 다문화 교육에 대한 태도 척도, 최충옥과 모경환(2007)의 다문화교육에 대한 교수효능감을 수정, 보완하여 사용하였다. spsspc 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도와 백분율, 일원변량분석, Pearson의 적률상관계수를 이용하여 자료를 분석하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 유아교육기관 교사들은 다문화교육의 목표에 대한 관점에 대해 많은 교사들이 다문화교육은 '인간관계 강조'나 '배려중심'교육이 목표라고 인식하였다. 두 번째로, 유아교육기관 교사의 다문화교육 목표에 대한 관점에 따라 다문화교육 태도와 다문화 교수효능감의 차이를 살펴본 결과, 다문화교육에 대한 태도나 다문화 교수효능감은 다문화교육 목표에 대한 관점에 따라 차이가 나타나지는 않았다. 다만 '교육과정에 대한 태도'에서 교사의 관점에 따라 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 유아교육기관 교사의 다문화교육 태도와 다문화 교수효능감은 정적 상관을 보여 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히, 다문화교육에 대한 일반적 태도, 교사역할에 대한 태도, 교사교육에 대한 태도 모두 교수효능감과 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과들은 유아교육기관 교사들을 위한 다문화 현직교육과정의 필요성과 결부하여 논의되었다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.191-205
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was undertaken to determine the effects of orthognathic surgery on speech. The hyposis stated herein is that functional behaviors of the dentofacial complex, such as speech production, may be adversely affected by deviations of a structural nature(especially, Class III malocclusion). Twenty adults with Class III malocclusion(13 female and 7 male) were studied preoperative, immediate postoperative and either 6 or 12 months postoperative lateral cephalograms. They had mandibular prognathism and had undergone mandible setback operation. The position of tongue, soft palate(Uvula), hyoid bone, respiratory track width, and pharyngeal depth were assessed on lateral cephalograms with 23 cephalometric variables, ANOVA, Paired t-tests and Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient tests were used to evalute the operative changes in all cephalometric parameters. A experienced speech and language pathologists performed narrow phonetic transcriptions of tape-recorded words and sentences produced by each of the ninth patients and the recording tapes were analyzed by phonetic computer program(Computerized Speech Lab(CSL) Model 4300BI(U.S.A.)) These judges also recorded their ratings of each patient's overall consonants, hypernasality, hyponasality, and articulation proficiency. The results obtained are as follows; 1. There were significant changes in distance of posterior pharyngeal wall to tongue (TI-TW2, TS-TW3) after the surgery at 6 months postoperatively(each p<0.01 p<0.05). 2. The posterior tongue point(TI, TS, PPT) moved posteriorly after surgery and remained to its changed position at 6 months postoperatively(p<0.05). The displacement of tongue was correlated with the movement of mandibular setback amount(p<0.05). The hyoid bone moved posteriorly superiorly after immediate postoperative period. There was significant changes in hyoid bone movement after immediated postoperative period(p<0.05), but returned to its original position during the follow-up period(p>0.05) 3. The soft palate was displaced posteriorly superiorly after immediated operative period and remained to its changed position at 6 months postoperatively(p<0.05). ANS-PNS-SPT angle increasing, PPU-PPPo distance narrowing was showed after surgery, and remained its appearance 6 months postoperatively(p<0.05). 4. There were significant changes in formant value and squre diagram of vowel sound after the orthognathic surgery and the follow-up period. There were significant changes in /ㅅ/sound and posterior tongue sound. 5. The posterior movement of tongue and the posteriosuperior movement of soft palate was correlated with mandibular setback amount after orthognathic surgery. On the vowel squre diagram, the author found that the place of articulation after operation moved downward, backward, upward. 6. In assessing speech abnormalities, dental occlusion should be considered as a contributing factor. The vast majority of subjects with preoperative misarticulations eliminated or reduced their errors following orthognathic surgery. There was significant difference in speech impovement between pre- and postoperation.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.620-635
• /
• 1992

This study identified correlations between perceived family support and hopelessness in patients admitted to Neuro - surgical Intensive Care Units. The purpose was to enhance theoretical understanding of the relationships of these two variables. The subjects of this study were 51 patients admitted to N-lCU, at three general hospitals in Seoul. Data were collected by researcher in structured interviews from Aug. 12 to Oct. 13, 1992. The research tools were parts of the Moos Family Environment Scale and the Beck Hopelessness Scale. The general characteristic data were analyzed for frequency and percentage ; the hypothesis was tested by the pearson product Moment Correlation Coefficient. After normality tests by using Kolmogorov - Sminorvtest, and T- test, ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal -Wallis test were used on the Family Support and the Hopelessness about general charcteristics. The results of the above analysis were as follows 1) The average family support score for the group was 63.61 (tool average 51) and item average was 3.74 (tool item average 3) : the family support score of this sample was higher than average. The average family cohesion score of family support was 35.25 (tool average 27) and item average was 3.91 (tool item average 3). The average family expression score of family support was 28.35 (tool average 24) and item average was 3.57 (tool average 3). In this sample, perceived family expression was lower than family cohesion. 2) The average hopelessness score was 45.88 (tool average 60) and item average was 2.29 (tool item average 3) : the hopelessness score of this sample was low in comparison to the average. 3) The hypothesis in this study was supported. The main hypothesis that the higher the perceived family support level, the lower the level Of the hopelessness, was Supported (r＝-.3869 p＝.003). The sub-hypothesis that the higher the perceived family cohesion level, the lower the level of hopelessness, was supported(r＝-.3688 p＝.004). The sub-hypothesis that the higher the perceived family expression level, the lower the level of hopelessness, was supported (r＝-.3068 p＝.014). 4) General characteristics of the objects related to family support were ‘economic status’(p＝.025) and ‘helping person’(P＝.044) : the higher the economic status, the greater the family support. When the patient identified the helping person as a spouse, family support was rated more highly. The only general characteristic related to family cohesion was ‘helping person’(p＝.041). No general characteristics were related to family expression. 5) The one general characteristic related to hopelessness was ‘education’(p＝.002) : the higher their education, the lower their hopelessness. For these ICU patients, were related perceived family support and hopelessness, and family expression level was low in comparison to family cohesion level. The perceived family support of these seriously ill patients in situational crisis may have influenced the patient's emotional reaction of hopelessness. This study concluded that nurses in the ICU confirm the family support of the patient, and involve the family as the most intimate support systems in the care of the patient to help reduce the patient's hopelessness.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.25-32
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the high voltage pulsed Current (HVPC) stimulation on the healing rate and the proliferative activity of keratinocytes and IGF-I mRNA expression of an incisional wound in rat skin. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats ($265{\sim}290g$) were randomly divided into HVPC (n=10) and control group (n=10). Rats received 10 mm length of full-thickness incision wound on the back under the anesthesia. The HVPC group received electrical stimulation with a Current intensity of 50 V at 100 pps for a duration of 30 minutes, while the control group was given the same treatment without electricity for a week. Polarity was negative in first three days and positive thereafter. The wound length was measured and evaluated as percentage. The mean number of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) per nucleus and level of IGF-I mRNA expression were calculated. The mean percent of wound closure were $51.17{\pm}17.76%$ and $80.71{\pm}11.91%$, respectively, in the sham treated control and HVPC stimulated groups (t=-4.308, P<0.001). The mean NOR number per nucleus of the keratinocytes in the control and HVPC group were $1.85{\pm}0.20$ and $2.70{\pm}0.23$, respectively (t=8.638, P<0.001). The IGF-I mRNA level were $0.76{\pm}0.44$ and $1.32{\pm}0.41$, respectively, in the control and HVPC stimulated wounds (t=2.906, P<0.01). There was a positive correlation between the mean NOR number per nucleus and IGF-l mRNA level with a Pearson product moment correlation coefficient of 0.72 (P<0.05). These findings suggest that the HVPC may activate the rRNA of the basal keratinocytes and upregulate the IGF-I mRNA levels by alteration of the electrical environment, and it may increase proliferative activity of the keratinocytes in the skin wound of the rat.

• 모자간호학회지
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.5-20
• /
• 1992

This study was undertaken to identify the levels and affecting factors of the maternal role attainment(MRA) in the primipara during the postpartum period. The healthy ninety primiparous from the one university hospital and two local clinics in KwangJu city were selected and two Semantic Differential Scales (SD-Myself as Mothers, SD-My Baby) and the Pharis Self Confidence Scale were used in this study. Questionnaires were distributed at the 3rd days and the 4-6 weeks of the primiparous not showing any complication after normal delivery. The data collected were analysed statistically using t-test, Pearson's Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and ANOVA. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1) On the 3rd day after the delivery, the scores of SD-myself as mother, SD-baby and Pharis Self Confidence were 70.6 points, 73.6 points and 78.6 points, respectively, showing the low level of MRA. 2) On the 4-6 weeks after delivery, the score of SD-myself as mother, SD-baby and Pharis Self Confidence were 72.8 points, 77.9 points, and 86.9 points, respectively, indicating the moderate level of MRA. 3) The mean scores of the SD scale and the Pharis Self Confidence during the postpartum periods were higher than those of the 3rd days, showing the SD-myself as mother (t=-2.09, P<.05), SD-baby(t=-4.12, P<.001), Pharis Self Confidence(t=-6.59, P<.001), respectively. 4) Positive correlations (r=.24$\sim$.69) were shown in the concepts related to the MRA and the cognitive-motor skill components and cognitive-affective skill components of the MRA became harmonious over time. 5) The relationships between the score of the MRA and the demographic and obstetric variables were as follows ; a) the score of the MRA in the twenties was higher than those of the thirties. b) the group with higher educational background showed higher MRA socres than the group with lower one. c) those who wanted pregnancy sustenance had higher MRA scores than those who did not. d) the group that did think of festus-feature represented higher MRA scores than those who did not. e) the group of mothers who have the daughters showed higher MRA scores than those who have boys. It can be concluded from the results that the MRA in the primiparous increased gradually, and that the cognitive-motor skills and cognitive-affective skills became harmonious over time. The level of the MRA was affected partly by the mothers general, obstetrical variables. Following suggestion were made oil the basis of the present study ; a) The longitudinal study on the MRA is needed. b) Multivariate analyses should be done for the identification of the factors influcening on the MRA. c) Education program for primiparous mother should be designed and developed to improve the MRA.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.123-137
• /
• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 중 고등학생 자녀를 둔 학부모들이 인지하는 자녀생활역량을 파악하고, 양육스트레스, 부모효능감, 우울감, 부모 교육참여가 자녀생활역량에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 하는 것이다. 이를 알아보고자 대전광역시에 거주하고 있는 중 고등학교에 재학 중인 자녀를 가진 학부모를 대상으로 하였다. 2013년 4월 기준, 대전광역시 소재 중학교 및 고등학교에 협조공문을 보내, 설문지를 이메일로 전달하였고, 2013년 12월 10일부터 20일 사이 회수된 설문지 중, 결측치가 있는 자료를 분석에서 제외하여 총 800부를 최종 분석에 사용하였다. 분석을 위해 SPSS 23.0 및 AMOS 23.0 프로그램을 이용하여 연구대상자의 일반적 배경 및 백분율을 실시하였다. 변인들의 관계를 파악하기 위해 Pearson 적률상관계수를 사용하였고, 변인들의 경로를 파악하기 위한 경로모형분석과 경로의 직 간접효과를 분석하고 그 유의성을 검증하였다. 연구결과, 자녀생활역량 및 관련 변인들의 높은 상관을 파악할 수 있었으며, 경로모형분석 결과, 부모의 양육스트레스, 부모효능감, 우울감, 부모교육참여가 자녀생활역량에 직 간접적 영향을 미치는 것으로 파악되었다. 부모의 양육스트레스는 학부모효능감과 우울감에 영향을 미치나, 부모교육참여에 따라 자녀생활역량에 다른 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이와 같은 결과를 바탕으로 자녀생활 역량을 증가시키기 위한 가정교육학계에서의 정책적 대안에 대해 제안하였다.

• 성인간호학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.209-222
• /
• 2001

The environment in the ICU leads to negative changes in a patient's usual sleep pattern and so contributes negatively to the patient's health condition as compared to patients in general wards. Therefore, it is thought that an important nursing intervention would be to identify the relation between noise and sleep patterns which play an important role in illness recovery. The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship between noise in the ICU and the sleep pattern of patients admitted to the ICU. A descriptive correlation design was used to examine the relationship. Thirty-four subjects were recruited from a Medical ICU (MICU), Surgical ICU (SICU) and Coronary Care Unit (CCU) at a large university hospital in Suwon. Data were collected from September 28 to October 31 in 1999. In the present study, noise was categorized into noise level and patients' perception of noise. The objective noise level was measured using the A-Weighted Sound Level Meter. The patients' preception of noise was measured using a self-reported questionnaire developed by the researcher. Sleep patterns in this study includes both quantity and quality of sleep. These were measured using open ended questionnaires and the 'Korean Sleep Scale A' developed by Oh, Song, Kim(1998). The data was analyzed using the SPSS-WIN to test the research question, Pearson product moment correlation coefficient was run. Ancillary analysis were conducted with demographic variables to determine their relation to the main study variables. For the ancillary analysis, t-test and one-way ANOVAs were performed. The results of the present study are summerized as follows : 1. The total mean of objective noise level (10pm-6am) was 56.2dB. The means for night time noise level in individual ICUs for the SICU, MICU and CCU, were 58.7dB, 58.6dB and 48.3dB, respectively. The total mean for patients' noise perception was 42.8 out of a maximum possible score of 76. For item means of noise perception, the one ranked highest was "conversations between doctors and nurses" (3.2). The one ranked lowest was "noise from the radio" (1.2). Regarding the degree of perception for each type of noise source, the one ranked highest was "equipment noise" (2.6), the second was "conversation between medical staff" (2.4), the third was "conversation between patients, caregivers and visitors" (2.3), and the one ranked lowest was "environment noise" (1.8). 2. Looking at quantity of sleep of ICU patients, the mean nocturnal sleep time was found to be 4.9 hours. The total mean of sleep quality for ICU patients was 21.0 out of a maximum possible score of 40. 3. The relationship between perception of noise and quantity of sleep was statistically significant(r= - .41, p<.05). The relationship between perception of noise and quality of sleep was also statistically significant(r= - .47, p<.01). The results of the study indicate that personal perception of noise is related to sleep patterns. Therefore, it is suggested that nursing interventions be developed to reduce the degree of personal perception of noise and, thus, decrease sleep pattern disturbances in patients in the ICU.