• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.265-268
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• 2022

• Resources Recycling
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.73-80
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• 2022

This study investigated the mineralogical characteristics and basic flotation properties of domestic molybdenum ores. The source mineral of molybdenum was identified as molybdenite, and the main gangue minerals in the raw ore were silicate minerals. Copper, lead, and zinc were also found in trace amounts. Based on the results of basic flotation properties, molybdenite's zeta potential showed negative charges in all pH ranges. The contact angle of molybdenite increased with pH, reaching a maximum of 74° at pH 9. In optimal conditions, the grade and recovery of the concentrate by unit flotation were MoS2 82.4% and 92.04%, respectively. Further investigation of the impurities in the concentrate revealed a sulfide mineral with surface characteristics similar to molybdenite and silicate minerals combined with molybdenite, which may degrade the quality of the concentrate. To improve the concentrate quality, we intend to control silicate minerals through regrinding and liberation and use column flotation to improve fine particle separation efficiency.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.43-50
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• 1994

In order to elucidate the effects of co-existing additives (S$_{8}$, TBP: Tri butyl phosphate, ZnDTP: Zinc-dialkyl dithiophosphate) and the role of reacted surface film on the friction behavior of MoDTP (molybdenum dialkyl dithiophosphate), a friction experiment using a dual circular pipe edge surface type friction tester and XPS (X-ray photoelectronic spectrum) surface analysis were conducted. Friction reduction with MoDTP lubricant was proved to be greatly influenced by co-existing additive species. It was dependent on the properties of the film formed through the reaction between the additive and the surface. Phosphate film reduced the friction coefficient of MoDTP through suppression of diffusion of Mo compounds towards the metal substrate. On the other hand, sulfate film, which is inherently rich in lattice defects, did not lead to any appreciable friction reduction with MoDTP since the diffusion of the Mo compound towards the metal substrate was not effectively suppressed. With ZnDTP additive, the sulfide film formed through decomposition greatly influenced the lubricating performance of MoDTP. As such, properties of surface films formed from additives were proved to yield significant influence on the lubrication performance of MoDTP.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.252-252
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• 2013

최근 그래핀, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) 및 $MoS_2$ (molybdenum disulfide)와 같은 2차원 결정 물질들은 무어의 법칙(Moore's Law)를 뛰어넘어 계속적인 소자의 소형화를 가능케 하고 또한 대면적, 저비용 소자 개발을 가능케 하는 우수한 특성을 가진 차세대 반도체 트랜지스터 소재로 각광받고 있다. $MoS_2$는 bulk 상태일 때는 1.2 eV의 indirect 밴드갭을 가지지만 단층형태일 때는 1.8 eV의 direct 밴드갭을 가지며 dielectric screening 기법등을 통해 mobility를 향상시킬 수 있는 것으로 연구된 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 화학기상증착 (chemical vapor deposition)법을 이용하여 $MoS_2$ 박막을 형성하기 위한 기초연구인 Mo 전구체의 특성평가 및 적합한 공정조건 개발 연구를 수행하였다. 사용한 전구체는 $Mo(CO)_6$ (Molybdenum hexacarbonyl)이고, 온도 및 압력, 반응기체(H2 S, Hydrogen sulfide) 유량 등의 공정 조건 변화에 따른 거동을 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) 시스템을 사용하여 측정하였다. 또한 $Mo(CO)_6$의 분자구조를 상용 프로그램인 Gaussian으로 시뮬레이션 하여 실제 FT-IR 측정 결과값과 비교 분석하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.08a
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• pp.116.2-116.2
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• 2013

최근 그래핀, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) 및 $MoS_2$ (molybdenum disulfide)와 같은 2차원 결정 물질들은 무어의 법칙 (Moore's Law)를 뛰어넘어 계속적인 소자의 소형화를 가능케 하고 또한 대면적, 저비용 소자 개발을 가능케 하는 우수한 특성을 가진 차세대 반도체 트랜지스터 소재로 각광받고 있다. $MoS_2$는 bulk 상태일 때는 1.2 eV의 indirect 밴드갭을 가지지만 단층형태일 때는 1.8 eV의 direct 밴드갭을 가지며 dielectric screening 기법 등을 통해 mobility를 향상시킬 수 있는 것으로 연구된 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 화학기상증착(chemical vapor deposition, CVD)법을 이용하여 $MoS_2$박막을 형성하기 위한 기초연구인 Mo전구체의 특성 평가 및 적합한 공정조건 개발 연구를 수행하였다. 사용한 전구체는 $Mo(CO)^6$ (Molybdenum hexacarbonyl)이고, 온도 및 압력, 반응기체($H_2S$, Hydrogen sulfide) 유량 등의 공정 조건 변화에 따른 거동을 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) 시스템을 사용하여 측정하였다. 또한 $Mo(CO)^6$의 분자구조를 상용 프로그램인 Gaussian으로 시뮬레이션 하여 실제 FT-IR 측정 결과값과 비교 분석하였다. 화학기상증착법을 이용한 $MoS_2$ 증착조건 최적화를 위하여 다양한 온도, 유량, 압력, 및 기판 종류에 대하여 증착 실험을 수행하였으며, 증착된 샘플은 scanning electron microscope (SEM), Raman spectroscopy를 이용하여 분석하였다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 2019

Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) was filled with glass fiber (GF), aramid fiber (AF), and solid lubricants to improve the mechanical properties and wear resistance. The addition of GF effectively enhanced the tensile strength, flexural modulus, and impact strength of PPS, while solid lubricants such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), molybdenum disulfide ($MoS_2$), and tungsten disulfide ($WS_2$) lowered the friction coefficients of the composites to below 0.3. The ball nut and motor pulley of the electric power steering (EPS) were manufactured using the PPS composites, and feasibility was ascertained thereafter by conducting the durability test. The composites filled with GF and AF showed high mechanical strength, but slip occurred at the interface between the pulley and belt while testing above $50^{\circ}C$. When small amounts of lubricants were added, the slip was no longer detected because of the suppression of friction heat. It is realized that the low friction as well as high mechanical properties is important to ensure the reliability of plastic pulleys.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.353-364
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• 2024

Through component regulation and morphological construction, it is of considerable significance to develop high-activity and high-stability electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution in electrolytic water. In the hydrothermal process, Mo-doped nickel-based sulfide catalysts (Mo-NiS-Fx) with a variety of morphologies (prisms, rods, flakes, and cones) were created by adding NH₄F with varying masses. Among these, the flaky Mo-NiS-F1.2 exhibited exceptional performance towards electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction, surpassing most similar catalysts with an overpotential of 79 mV at 10 mA cm^-2 and a Tafel slope of 49.8 mV dec^-1. Significantly, Mo-NiS-F1.2 maintained its high activity for hydrogen evolution over 60 h at a current density of 10 mA cm^-2, making it suitable for widespread commercial application. According to the experimental findings, an electrocatalyst with a high surface area and a porous structure is better suited to exposing more gas transfer routes and active sites, which would encourage the hydrogen evolution reaction. This study presents a straightforward procedure for creating electrocatalysts with a range of morphologies, which can serve as a model for the creation of catalysts for use in industrial manufacturing.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.577-580
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• 2014

Indium hydroxy sulfide ($In(OH)_xS_y$) as a cadmium (Cd)-free buffer layer for $CuInGaSe_2$ (CIGS) solar cells was prepared by the chemical bath deposition (CBD) and the reaction time was optimized. The band gap energy and transmittance data alongside the thickness results from the direct observation with focused ion beam system (FIB) could be a powerful tool for optimizing the conditions. In addition, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), X-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were also employed for the layer characterization. The results indicated that the optimum reaction time for $In(OH)_xS_y$ buffer layer deposition by CBD was 20 min at $70^{\circ}C$ under the conditions employed. At the optimum conditions, the buffer layer thickness was near 57 nm and the band gap energy was 2.7 eV. In addition, it was found that there was no XPS peak shift in between the buffer layers deposited on molybdenum (Mo)/glass and that on CIGS layer.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.26-33
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• 2022

Molybdenum is widely used in many materials; thus, its recovery from ores and secondary resources has attracted considerable attention. In this study, the leaching of molybdenite ore using hydrochloric acid containing sodium chlorate as an oxidizing agent was studied. The effects of several variables, such as the concentrations of HCl and NaClO₃, reaction temperature and time, and pulp density, on the leaching of the ore were investigated. Under strong acidic and oxidizing conditions, the sulfide in the ore was dissolved as a sulfate ion, which formed gypsum with Ca(II), leading to a decrease in the leaching percentage of Mo(VI) from the ore. The leaching percentage of molybdenum was greater than 90%, while those of iron, calcium, and silicon were 38, 29, and 67%, respectively, under the optimum conditions: 2.0 M HCl, 0.5 M NaClO₃, pulp density of 5 g/L, temperature of 90 ℃, and treatment time of 60 min.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.19 no.spc
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• pp.163-173
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• 1986

Black and graphite slates from the Okcheon metamorphic belt contain enriched values of uranium (average 200~250ppm) and molybdenum (average 150~200ppm). Uranium mineralization is closely associated with quartz and sulfide veinlets which are formed diagenetically in graphite slate. The uranium minerals were concentrated in outer part of graphite nodules. The ${\delta}^{13}C$ values of organic carbon from the metasediments including uranium bearing graphite slate range from -15.2 to -26.1‰ with a mean of -23.5‰. Meanwhile, ${\delta}^{13}C$ values of coal and coaly shale from some Paleozoic coal fields of South Korea vary from -19.4 to -23.9‰ with an average of -22.5‰. Isotopic compositions of vein calcite in uranium bearing slate range from -13.4 to -15.4‰ in ${\delta}^{13}C$ and +11.3 to +15.1‰ in ${\delta}^{18}O$ could indicate a reduced organic carbon source isotopically exchanged with a graphite of biogenic origin. Metamorphic temperature determined by a calcite-graphite isotope geothermometer was 383~$433^{\circ}C$ which corresponded to greenschist facies by Miyashiro (1973) and is consistent with metamorphic facies estimated by mineral assemblages (Lee, et al., 1981, and Kim, 1971). The fixation of uranyl species by carbonaceous matter in marine epicontinental environment, and remobilization of organouranium by diagenetic processes have attributed to the enrichment of uranium and heavy metals in the graphite slate of Okcheon metamorphic belt.