• BMB Reports
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.6-11
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• 1999

To understand the function of phospholipids and their fatty acid composition on the morphological changes in the amp 1-4 mutant of Arabidopsis, the mutant was compared to the wild-type Arabidopsis by TLC, HPTLC, phosphorous assay, HPLC, and GC. In the mutant, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was increased 5-fold and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) was decreased 1.2-fold (nmol phosphorous/g tissue). Inositol phospholipids showed a generally increased trend ranging from 1.4-to 3.0-fold (nmol inositol/g tissue). When fatty acid composition of the mutant was compared to the wild-type, linoleic (18:2) and linolenic (18:3) acids of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and PG were decreased but palmitoleic acid (16:1) and oleic acid (18:1) of PC was increased 2.5- and 2.1-fold (mol%), respectively. In galactolipids, myristic acid (14:0) of monogalactosyl-diacylglycerol (MGDG) were increased 5.8-fold (mol%). Among the inositol phospholipids, lysophosphatidylinositol (L-PI) and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate ($PIP_2$) showed 4-and 1.9-fold (mol%) increase of 16:1, respectively. These results suggest that the increase of PE, the decrease of PG, the increase of inositol phospholipids, and the altered fatty acid composition are related to the phenotypic changes affecting the morphological features, and might cause different physiological changes in the amp 1-4 mutant compared to wild-type Arabidopsis.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.190-194
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• 2007

Gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) is a major tumor type of gastric cancers and subdivides into several different tumors such as papillary, tubular mucinous, signet-ring cell and adenosquamous carcinoma according to histopatholigical determination. In other hand, GA is also subdivided into intestinal and diffuse type of adenocarcinoma by the Lauren?fs classification. In this study, we have examined differential gene expression pattern analysis of three histologically different GAs of 24 samples by using DNA microarray containing approximately 19000 genetic elements. The hierarchical clustering analysis of 24 gastric adenocarcinomas (12 of intestinal type, 7 of diffuse type and 5 of mixed type) resulted in two major subgroup on dendrogram, and two subgroups included most of intestinal and diffused type of GAs respectively. Supervised analysis of 19 intestinal and diffuse type GAs by using Wilcoxon rank T-test (P<0.01) resulted in 100 outlier genes which exactly separated intestinal and diffuse type of GA by differential gene expression. In conclusion, genome-wide analysis of gene expression of GAs suggested that GAs may subclassify as intestinal and diffused type of GA by their characteristic molecular expression. Our results also provide large-scale genetic elements which reflect molecular differences of intestinal and diffuse type of GAs, and this may facilitate to understand different molecular carcinogenesis of gastric cancer.

• 생약학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2021

Cannabis sativa is an important industrial plant utilized to produce fiber, oil, and medicinal ingredients. A chemotype of cannabis is divided into "Drug type" with predominance of tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) and "Fiber type" with cannabidiolic acid (CBDA). To develop molecular markers for the discrimination of these two types, nucleotide sequences of THCA synthase and CBDA synthase as well as their pseudogenes were retrieved from the recently published cannabis genome in chromosome scale. Gene-specific SNPs were discovered by multiple alignment of these sequences, and 2 dominant marker sets from each gene were designed for selective amplification. Our markers successfully identified "Drug type" and "Fiber type" cannabis plants as well as forensic samples including processed materials. Our molecular markers will provide a fast and efficient system for molecular-based identification of the cannabis plant.

• 공업화학
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.633-639
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• 2023

We synthesized 2-(10-methyl-10H-phenothiazin-3-yl)-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (MPPO) and 5,5-(10-methyl-10H-phenothiazin-3,7-diyl)-bis-(2-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole) (DPPO). MPPO has both electron-donating and electron-accepting substituents with asymmetric molecular geometry. By incorporating one extra electron-accepting group into MPPO, we created a symmetric molecule, which is DPPO. The optical and electrochemical properties of these compounds were measured. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of DPPO was lower than that of MPPO. The excited-state dipole moment of DPPO, with symmetric geometry, was calculated to be 4.1 Debye, whereas MPPO, with asymmetric geometry, had a value of 7.0 Debye. The charge-carrier mobility of both compounds was similar. We fabricated non-doped organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) using D-A type molecules as an emitting layer. The current efficiency of the DPPO-based device was 7.8 cd/A, and the external quantum efficiency was 2.4% at 100 cd/m², demonstrating significantly improved performance compared to the MPPO-based device. The photophysical and electroluminescence (EL) characteristics of the two D-A type molecules showed that molecular symmetry, as well as the lowered LUMO level of DPPO, played critical roles in the enhancement of EL performance.

• BMB Reports
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.294-299
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• 2000

Proteolytic processing of the dengue virus serotype 2 polyprotein precursor is catalyzed by a host signal peptidase and a virus encoded two-component protease consisting of the nonstructural proteins, NS2B and NS3. We expressed in Escherichia coli the NS2B, NS3(pro) and NS2B-NS3 proteins from the dengue virus type 2 strain 16681 as N-terminal fusions with a hexahistidine affinity tag under the control of the inducible trc promoter. All fusion proteins were purified to >90% purity by detergent extraction of inclusion bodies and a single step metal chelate chromatography. Proteins were refolded on-column and recovered with yields of 0.5, 6.0 and 1.0 mg/l of E. coli culture that was grown to $OD_{600}=1.0$ for NS2B, NS3(pro) and NS2B-NS3, respectively. Purified proteins gave strong signals in Western blots using $Ni^{2+}-nitrilotriacetic$ acid as a probe for the presence of the polyHis tag. During the purification process, $(His)_{6}NS2B-NS3$ was apparently not autoproteolytically cleaved at the NS2B/NS3 site.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.125-130
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• 2000

Resorcinol formaldehyde resins are synthesized by polycondensation of resorcinol with formal-dehyde and have various structures by the condensation type. The influence of polycondensation type on the stability and structure of the resorcinol formaldehyde resin was studied by molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics. The resins formed by 2,6-polycondensation and 4,6-polycondensationwith head-to-tail orientations have structures of intramolecular hydrogen bonds between 1-hydroxyl groups and between outer hydroxyl groups of the adjacent resorcinols, respectively. The resin formed by 2,6-polycon-densation with head-to-head orientation has a structure that inner hydroxyl groups cluster in the center of the molecule. Energetical stability of the resin is affected by both the intramolecular hydrogen bonds and the steric' hindrance by phenyl group.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.255-258
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• 1993

Molecular dynamics (MD) calculations were carried out in order to investigate the effect of MD cell size to predict the melting phenomena of A-type zeolite. We studied two model systems: a pseudocell of $(T_2O_4Na)_n$, (L= 12.264 $^{\AA}$, N= 84) and a true-cell of (SiAlO$_4Na)_n$. (L= 24.528 $^{\AA}$, N= 672), where T is Si or Al. The radial and bond angle distribution functions of T(Si, Al)-O-T(Si, Al) and diffusion coefficients of T and O were reported at various temperatures. For the true-cell model, the melting temperature is below 1500 K and probably around 1000 K, which is about 600-700 K lower than the pseudocell model. Although it took more time (about 30 times longer) to obtain the molecular trajectories of the true-cell model than those of the pseudocell model, the true-cell model gave more realistic structural transition for the A-type zeolite, which agrees with experiment.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2005년도 창립60주년 기념 추계 학술대회
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• pp.77.2-77.2
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• 2005

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.27.1-27.12
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• 2020

The prevalence of early-onset type 2 diabetes (EOT2D) is increasing in Asian countries. Genome-wide association studies performed in European and various other populations have identified associations of numerous variants with type 2 diabetes in adults. However, the genetic component of EOT2D which is still unexplored could have similarities with late-onset type 2 diabetes. Here in the present study we aim to identify the association of variants with EOT2D in South Indian population. Twenty-five variants from 18 gene loci were genotyped in 1,188 EOT2D and 1,183 normal glucose tolerant subjects using the MassARRAY technology. We confirm the association of the HHEX variant rs1111875 with EOT2D in this South Indian population and also the association of CDKN2A/2B (rs7020996) and TCF7L2 (rs4506565) with EOT2D. Logistic regression analyses of the TCF7L2 variant rs4506565(A/T), showed that the heterozygous and homozygous carriers for allele 'T' have odds ratios of 1.47 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17 to 1.83; p = 0.001) and 1.65 (95% CI, 1.18 to 2.28; p = 0.006) respectively, relative to AA homozygote. For the HHEX variant rs1111875 (T/C), heterozygous and homozygous carriers for allele 'C' have odds ratios of 1.13 (95% CI, 0.91 to 1.42; p = 0.27) and 1.58 (95% CI, 1.17 to 2.12; p = 0.003) respectively, relative to the TT homozygote. For CDKN2A/2B variant rs7020996, the heterozygous and homozygous carriers of allele 'C' were protective with odds ratios of 0.65 (95% CI, 0.51 to 0.83; p = 0.0004) and 0.62 (95% CI, 0.27 to 1.39; p = 0.24) respectively, relative to TT homozygote. This is the first study to report on the association of HHEX variant rs1111875 with EOT2D in this population.

• BMB Reports
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.402-407
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• 2001

Based on the currently proposed toxicity model for the different Bacillus thuringiensis Cry $\delta$-endotoxins, their pore-forming activity involves the insertion of the ${\alpha}4-{\alpha}5$ helical hairpin into the membrane of the target midgut epithelial cell. In this study, a number of polar or charged residues in helix 4 within domain I of the 65-kDa dipteranactive Cry11A toxin, Lys-123, Tyr-125, Asn-128, Ser-130, Gln-135, Arg-136, Gln-139 and Glu-141, were initially substituted with alanine by using PCR-based directed mutagenesis. All mutant toxins were expressed as cytoplasmic inclusions in Escherichia coli upon induction with IPTG. Similar to the wild-type protoxin inclusion, the solubility of each mutant inclusion in the carbonate buffer, pH 9.0, was relatively low When E. coli cells, expressing each of the mutant proteins, were tested for toxicity against Aedes aegypti mosquito-larvae, toxicity was completely abolished for the alanine substitution of arginine at position 136. However, mutations at the other positions still retained a high level of larvicidal activity Interestingly, further analysis of this critical arginine residue by specific mutagenesis showed that conversions of arginine-136 to aspartate, glutamine, or even to the most conserved residue lysine, also abolished the wild-type activity The results of this study revealed an important determinant in toxin function for the positively charged side chain of arginine-136 in helix 4 of the Cry11A toxin.