• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.30-38
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• 2017

The red-spotted apollo butterfly, Parnassius bremeri Bremer, 1864 (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae), is an endangered species in South Korea. Development and application of molecular markers to assess population genetics perspectives can be used as a basis to establish effective conservation strategies. In this study, we developed 12 microsatellite markers specific to P. bremeri using Illumina paired-end sequencing and applied the markers to South Korean populations to understand population characteristics. Genotyping of 40 P. bremeri individuals from three localities showed that at each locus, the observed number of alleles ranged from 6 to 22 and the observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.500-1.00 and 0.465 to 0.851, respectively. Significant deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was not observed in all loci studied. The population based $F_{ST}$ and $R_{ST}$ collectively suggest that at least the Samcheok population in northernmost Gangwon Province has a significant divergence from the remaining two populations (P < 0.01), and this result is also reflected in the forewing length. Further studies with an increased sample size will be necessary to draw robust conclusions and devise conservation strategies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.4415-4420
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• 2016

We aimed to investigate any association between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in the view of cytokines that control inflammation/angiogenesis and their correlation with certain CD markers. NHL patients with or without HCV infection were studied. CD5, CD30, CD3, CD20 and CD45 were immunohistochemically evaluated. Plasma levels of vascular endothelial and platelet derived growth factors (VEGF, and PDGF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-${\alpha}$), transforming growth factor (TGF-${\beta}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-4, IL-12 and interferon gamma (IFN-${\gamma}$) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). HCV+ve NHL patients showed a significant reduction in VEGF, PDGF, IFN-${\gamma}$, CD5 and CD45 and a significant increase in IL-12 and IL-8. In conclusion, there was a significant change in cytokine secretion and expression of CD markers in HCV+ve NHL patients. Based on our results, HCV infection in NHL patients requires more in-depth investigations to explore any role in lymphoma progression.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.200-210
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• 2013

Biochemical characteristics of 24 Pongamia pinnata genotypes (candidate plus trees) from three agroclimatic zones were estimated and molecular characterization through RAPD markers was done. Various biochemical characters viz. seed oil, total carbohydrates, protein, acid value and Iodine number recorded significant variation among different genotypes. The highest seed oil content was 41.87% while seeds of 14 genotypes recorded above average (32.11%) for the trait. Seed oil and protein content exhibited a significant positive correlation and moderate heritability. Out of the initially selected twenty-five random primers, twenty-two RAPD primers were found to be highly reproducible and produced a total of 183 loci of which 147 (80.32%) loci were polymorphic. Percentage of polymorphism varied from 44% to 100% with an average of 80.62%. High level of genetic variation was found among different genotypes of P. pinnata. Both molecular and oil content (biochemical) markers appeared useful in analyzing the extent of genetic diversity in Pongamia and the result of these analyses will help to better understand the genetic diversity and relationship among populations. Overall, the Pongamia genotypes included in the study showed a correlation with their geographical origins such that genotypes from the same region tend to have higher genetic similarity as compared to those from different regions. However, in UPGMA based Nei's analysis, some genotypes were found not to be grouped based on geographical origins possibly due to the exchange of germplasm over time between farmers across the regions. The results from oil content analyses showed that several genotypes in 'Central and Western Plateau' agroclimatic zone of Jharkhand displayed a good potential for high oil content. The study provides insight about P. pinnata populations in Jharkhand (India) and constitutes a set of useful background information that can be used as a basis for future breeding strategy and improvement of the species.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.566-574
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to identify the phylogenetic relationships of the plants in the Korean genus Suaeda and to find out the molecular markers that could confirm the interspecies relationships in the family tree through molecular phylogenetic studies. We used the nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS and the chloroplast DNA matK, psbA-trnH, and trnL-trnF as the molecular markers. We could not distinguish between S. japonica and S. maritima and between S. maritima and S. australis in the ITS region and could not distinguish between S. japonica and S. australis with the base sequence in the psbA-trnH and trnL-trnF region. However, we analyzed the combinations of four molecular marker regions and confirmed that each of five plant species of the genus Suaeda formed the independent line. Therefore, it is considered that combinations of molecular markers would be useful for the analysis of phylogenetic relationships in the genus Suaeda. Further investigations of the ecological and morphological characteristics would be needed to understand the phylogenetic relationship and lineage diversification in the genus Suaeda.

• Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology : HEB
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.889-897
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• 2018

Currently, there is a lack of genetic markers capable of effectively detecting polymorphisms in Clematis. Therefore, we developed new markers to investigate inter- and intraspecific diversity in Clematis. Based on the complete chloroplast genome of Clematis terniflora, simple sequence repeats were explored and primer pairs were designed for all ten adequate repeat regions (cpSSRs), which were tested in 43 individuals of 11 Clematis species. In addition, the nuclear ITS region was sequenced in 11 Clematis species. Seven cpSSR loci were found to be polymorphic in the genus and serve as markers that can distinguish different species and be used in different genetic analyses, including cultivar identification to assist the breeding of new ornamental cultivars.

• Mycobiology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.527-532
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• 2019

We designed 170 new simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers based on the whole-genome sequence data of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus), and selected 121 polymorphic markers. A total of 121 polymorphic markers, the average major allele frequency (M_AF) and the average number of alleles (N_A) were 0.50 and 5.47, respectively. The average number of genotypes (N_G), observed heterozygosity (H_O), expected heterozygosity (H_E), and polymorphic information content (PIC) were 6.177, 0.227, 0.619, and 0.569, respectively. Pearson's correlation coefficient showed that M_AF was negatively correlated with N_G (-0.683), N_A (-0.600), H_O (-0.584), and PIC (-0.941). N_G, N_A, H_O, and PIC were positively correlated with other polymorphic parameters except for M_AF. UPGMA clustering showed that 26 A. bisporus accessions were classified into 3 groups, and each accession was differentiated. The 121 SSR markers should facilitate the use of molecular markers in button mushroom breeding and genetic studies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.575-580
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• 2011

With the increasing expectation on personalized medicine, it is getting importance to analyze medical information in molecular biology perspective. Gene expression data are one of representative ones to show the microscopic phenomena of biological activities. In gene expression data analysis, one of major concerns is to identify markers which can be used to predict disease occurrence, progression or recurrence in the molecular level. Existing markers candidate identification methods mainly depend on statistical hypothesis test methods. This paper proposes a search method based decision tree induction to identify candidate markers which consist of multiple genes. The propose method discretizes numeric expression level into three categorical values and allows candidate markers' genes to be expressed by their negation as well as categorical values. It is desirable to have some number of genes to be included in markers. Hence the method is devised to try to find candidate markers with restricted number of genes.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.490-496
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• 1998

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to survey genetic variability among 34 Botrytis cinerea isolates from nine different host plants in Korea. For RAPD analysis, 115 arbitrary decamer primers were initially screened for polymorphic major DNA bands with 11 representative B. cinerea isolates. Eleven primers that initially detected polymorphisms were tested a second time with additional 23 isolates of B. cinerea as well as one isolate of Botrytis squamosa as an outgroup. The RAPD analyses revealed that all isolates except one showed different molecular phenotypes. Dendrograms obtained from dissimilarity matrices using the unweighted paired group method of arithmetic means (UPGMA) showed the 36.4% to 90.0% similarity among all B. cinerea isolates. The B. squamosa isolate showed the least similarity to all B. cinerea isolates. The cluster analyses indicated no correlation among all the characteristics examined including molecular phenotypes, host and geographic origins, year of isolation, or pathogenicity. The RAPD data suggest that a high level of genetic variation exists among Korean populations of B. cinerea and it seems to be caused by heterokaryosis among preexisting molecular phenotypes.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.231-237
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• 2007

Exposure to DNA-damaging agents can elicit a variety of stress-related responses that may alter the expression of genes associated with numerous biological pathways. We used 19 k whole human genome chip to detect gene expression profiles and potential signature genes in human normal hepatocytes (THLE-3) by treatment of five direct acting mutagens, furylfuramide (AF-2), N-nitroso-N-methylurea (MNU), methylmethanesulfonate (MMS), 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4-NQO) and 2-nitrofluorene (2NF) of the $IC_{20}$ concentration for 3 h. Fifty one up-regulated common genes and 45 down-regulated common genes above 1.5-fold by five direct-acting mutagens were identified by clustering analysis. Many of these changed genes have some association with apoptosis, control of cell cycle, regulation of transcription and signal transduction. Genes related to these functions, as TP73L, E2F5, MST016, SOX5, MAFB, LIF, SII3, TFIIS, EMR1, CYTL1, CX3CR1 and RHOH are up-regulated. Down-regulated genes are ALOX15B, xs155, IFITM1, BATF, VAV2, CD79A, DCDC2, TNFSF8 and KOX8. We suggest that gene expression profiling on mutagens by toxicogenomic analysis affords promising opportunities to reveal potential new mechanistic markers of genotoxicity.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.109-127
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• 2014

Maize is one of the most important food and feed crops in the world including Southeast Asia. In spite of numberous efforts with conventional breeding, the maize productions remain low and the loss of yields by drought and downy mildew are still severe in Asia. Genetic improvement of maize has been performed with molecular marker and genetic engineering. Because maize is one of the most widely studied crop for its own genome and has tremendous diversity and variant, maize is considered as a forefront crop in development and estimation of molecular markers for agricultural useful trait in genetics and breeding. Using QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) and MAS (Marker Assisted Breeding), molecular breeders are able to accelerate the development of drought tolerance or downy mildew resistance maize genotype. The present paper overviews QTL/MAS approaches towards improvement of maize production against drought and downy mildew. We also discuss here the trends and importance of molecular marker and mapping population in maize breeding.