• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.481-486
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• 1994

The effect of neutralization of urea-treated rice straw with sulfuric acid was investigated. Long-cut (15-20 cm) and short-cut (2-3 cm) rice straw were treated with 6% urea for 21 days, and the treated straw was mixed with an acid-molasses solution to neutralize free ammonia and kept airtightly in a plastic bag for 24 hours. The neutralized and non-neutralized straw were dried and subjected to chemical analysis and in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility determination. The in vitro DM digestibility as well as crude protein (CP) content were remarkably improved by neutralization. Short-cutting of the straw before treatment gave a better result than the long-cut samples. Neutralization with sulfuric acid also affected the chemical composition and increased sulfur content of samples. The CP thus fixed by neutralization was proven to be kept stable for 3 months, and in vitro DM digestibility was not affected by the storing period.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.512-519
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• 1997

RNA accumulating strain of Torulopsis versatilis MT-1 was cultured in molasses medium for higher contents of RNA in cell. Yeast cells were harvested at logarithmic phase on synchronous culture. Yield of cells on dry base to input sugar was 59.5%. Crude protein content was 55.1% in cell. RNA content was 13.9%. Some problems found in the process for the preparation of yeast extracts were improved by the addition of culture broth of Streptomyces faecalis MSF which secrete RNase (5' nuclease and 5' adenylic acid deaminase). When the culture broth of S. faecalis MSF was added in autolysis process 46% of RNA in cell was converted to I and G(5' inosinic acid and 5' guanylic acid) in extract. By addition of 3-7% culture broth of S.faecalis MSF in autolysis or enzymolysis process at the start or early stage, RNA in extract was converted easily to I and G and protein in cells was easily extracted and hydrolyzed to amino acid. Taste of those yeast extracts was delicious. The yeasty smell in yeast extracts was removed. And cell debris was easily removed from extract.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling Conference
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• 2001.05b
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• pp.121-125
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• 2001

For the probiotic feed production, aerobic liquid fermentation of pulverized food wastes was attempted with a yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus. After grinding finely, optimal fermentation conditions of the substrate was investigated by shaking culture. The most active growth of the yeast was shown at solid content of 10%. The proper addition of urea(0.5g/l), o-phosphate(0.4g/l), molasses(4g/l), and yeast extract (1g/1) increased cell growth rate and viable cell count. For optimizing, the nutrients were all added to substrate and fermentation was carried in 2 litre jar fermenter. For the stimulation of hydrolyzing enzyme excretion, mixed culture with Aspersillus oryzae was also conducted. In 12 hours of fermentation, viable cell count of the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus amounted to the number of 1.4 $\times$10$^{10}$ /1 in the culture medium.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.103-110
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• 1978

Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain M. was cultured in a molasses-containing media with different amounts of phosphorous and nitrogen sources. The effects of constituents of the cell on the functional activity as well as sensitivity of it were investigated, the results obtained being summarised as follows : Both the thermotolerance and dry tolerance of the yeast cell were higher when the more carbohydrate and thehalose were present in the yeast cell. During the drying, the rate of dead cell was noted increasing and the fermentability decreasing, but it was more remarkable at early stage of the decreasing rate of drying, and at the same time increasing rate of dead cell and decrease of fermentability were more remarkable in the yeast cell containing much protein. In this case the speed of drying was slower. The trehalose content in the yeast cell increased during early stage of the drying and this increase was higher when content of trehalose and carbohydrate in the initial yeast cell was relatively high.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.370-374
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• 2005

Bacteriocin ST311LD is approximately 2.3 kDa in size. Low levels of bacteriocin activity were recorded in BHI and M17 broth (800 AU/ml) and in $10\%$ (w/v) soy milk (3,200 AU/ml). No bacteriocin pro-duction was recorded in $10\%$ (w/v) molasses, despite good growth. Optimal levels (12,800 AU/ml) were detected in MRS broth which had been supplemented with tryptone (20.0 g/l), saccharose (5.0 or 10.0 g/l) or vitamin C (1 ppm). Increased potassium levels did not result in higher levels of activity, and glycerol (1.0 g/l) inhibited the production of bacteriocin ST311LD.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09b
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• pp.192-199
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• 2003

Trimethylglycine, commonly named betaine, is the most simple amphoteric molecule. It is completely vegetal (1,2), as it is produced in the sugar industry by industrial chromatography of molasses. While abundantly used in foods and diet supplements, many interesting applications in cosmetics have recently been investigated, like its capability to increase the volume and stability of foams in surfactant solutions. For its special chemical structure (it is the internal salt of a weak acid and a strong alkali) trimethylglycine is a solvent and buffering agent for strong acids and Lewis' acids. It allows to improve the efficiency of $\alpha$- and $\beta$-hydroxy acids in increasing the physiological rate of epidermal cell renewal, while keeping a low skin-irritation level. In oral care cosmetics, it acts as a mucous membrane protectant (3). For its special water co-ordination capability, its solubilising power, polymer swelling capability, after-feel improvement in hair products, skin moisturization and elasticity enhancing properties, trimethylglycine provides unusual characteristics to many products intended for skin maintenance (4).(omitted)

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.219-227
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• 2009

The antifatigue and endurance promoting properties of two Korean medicinal herb extracts and molasses with various mineral components were studied by evaluating forced-swimming capacity and biochemical parameters in ICR mice. The treatment groups were orally administered mineral beverages which were contained 6% sugar with the mixture of Maesil (Prunus mume fruit) extracts, Omija (Schisandra chinensis fruit) extracts and molasses for 4 weeks. The exercised forced-swimming tests were conducted after 28 days of beverage supplementation. The swimming times to exhaustion were longer 1.5${\sim}$2 times in group 6 and group 10 than control goup (Control: 93.2${\pm}$10.4 sec; Beverage 6; 190.8${\pm}$25.6 sec, Beverage 10; 173.6${\pm}$21.8 sec; p<0.05). Moreover, the activity of hexokinase (Control: 5.23${\pm}$0.38 ${\mu}mol$l/g tissue; Beverage 6: 5.99${\pm}$0.18 ${\mu}mol$/g tissue, Beverage 10: 6.13${\pm}$0.25 ${\mu}mol$/g tissue, p<0.05) and citrate synthase (control: 42.9${\pm}$1.87 ${\mu}mol$/g tissue; Beverage 6: 56.8${\pm}$3.98 ${\mu}mol$/g tissue, Beverage 10; 59.5${\pm}$3.09 ${\mu}mol$/g tissue, p<0.05) were also significantly higher than those of control group. Even if the treatment groups had long swimming than control group, there is no significant difference in the glycogen contents of gastrocnemus muscle or liver between the control group and each treatment group. This demonstrated an improvement in endurance. These results suggest that reported herbal beverage is very effective to combat fatigue, improve endurance and increase overall physical activity.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2002

To study the behavior of $NH_4{^+}$ of CMS (condensed molasses solubles) in soil, a laboratory incubation experiment was conducted during a period of up to 21 days at $25^{\circ}C$. The $NH_4{^+}$ of CMS was labeled with $^{15}N$ and was applied to water-unsturated and water-saturated conditions. Soil pH was gradually decreased from 6.1 to 5.4 under unsaturated condition. However, soil pH was increased to 6.5 within 2 days under saturated condition and then was constant. The concentration of ammonium was decreased 3 times faster under unsaturated condition than under saturated condition. The concentration of nitrate was increased from 17.4 to $155.4mg\;kg^{-1}$ under unsaturated condition. But concentration of nitrate was kept with low(below $8.0mg\;kg^{-1}$) under saturated condition. During the incubation, 52.4% of $^{15}NH_4{^+}$ applied was existed in the form of $NO_3{^-}$ by nitrification under unsaturated condition. Most of applied nitrogen was immobilized within 4 days of incubation. On 21 days of the incubation the percentage of immobilized nitrogen derived from $^15NH_4{^+}$(NDFA) was 19.6% under unsaturated condition and 17.0% under saturated condition. The percentage of unaccounted N, which was lost by denitrification, was 28.4% under unsturated condition and 67.6% under saturated condition.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.78-87
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• 2013

In this study, the effect of extreme heat diet on growth performance, lymphoid organ, blood immunoglobulin and cecum microflora change in broilers exposed to continuous lighting and extreme heat stress (EHS) was studied. Broilers raised under normal environment temperature ($25^{\circ}C$ or extreme heat stress temperature ($33{\pm}2^{\circ}C$, and consumed chow diet (CD) or extreme heat stress diet (EHSD). Five hundred Ross 308 day-old commercial broilers were arranged in a completely randomized block design of 5 treatment groups with 4 repetitions (25 heads per repetition pen). The broilers were divided into: T1 (normal environment+CD), T2 (EHS+CD), T3 (EHS+EHSD in which the tallow in CD was substituted by soy oil and contained 5% molasses), T4 (EHS+EHSD in which the tallow in CD was substituted by soy oil and contained 5% molasses, and 1.5 times more methionine and lysine than CD), and T5 (EHS+EHSD in which the tallow in CD was substituted by soy oil, contained 5% molasses, 1.5 times more methionine and lysine than CD, and 300ppm of vitamin C). The EHS significantly reduced the body weight gain and feed intake. The blood immunoglobulin, bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and spleen weight were significantly reduced when broilers were exposed to EHS. Compared to the normal environment temperature group, the cecum Lactobacillus sp. was low in the EHS treatment group, while Escherichia sp., Salmonella sp. and total aerobic bacteria in the EHS treatment group were high. A statistically significant difference was acknowledged between the treatment groups.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.607-614
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• 2005

To determine the optimum fermentation condition, the 50:50 feed mixture of both crushed corn and wet brewer’s grain were anaerobically fermented at various conditions. Three supplementation levels(0, 2%, and 5%) of molasses, five supplementation levels(0, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%) of yeast and five different incubation temperatures(4$^{\circ}C$, 10$^{\circ}C$, 30$^{\circ}C$, 40$^{\circ}C$ and 50$^{\circ}C$) were tested to determine the optimum fermentation conditions. During fermentation, alcohol concentration, live yeast cell number (LYCN) and pH values of the mixture were analyzed. Alcohol concentrations of the fermented feed mixtures were proportionally increased with increasing level of molasses supplementation. After 24hr fermentation, alcohol concentrations at 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% of yeast supplementation was 1.9%, 2.4%, 3.1% and 3.1%, respectively. These results indicate a proportional increase of alcohol concentration with the increasing supplementation of yeast (P<0.05) up to 1%, thereafter showing plateau at 2% supplementation. LYCN was relatively high with more than 0.5% yeast supplementation, whereas the value was significantly low(P<0.05) at 0.1% yeast supplementation. Alcohol production was significantly higher at 30$^{\circ}C$ and 40$^{\circ}C$ than other incubation temperatures (P<0.05), with the highest concentration at 30$^{\circ}C$. pH was rapidly decreased until 24 hours of incubation with steeper decrease at lower temperatures(P<0.05). Based on there results, optimum fermentation conditions for the alcoholic-fermented feed production could be achieved with 5% supplementation of molasses, 1% supplementation of yeast, and 24hr long incubation at 30$^{\circ}C$.