• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.100-106
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the supplementary effects of vitamin C and E to moist pellet on growth and body composition in juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Four groups of diet made : moist pellet (MP) diet group was used as the control group where the ratio of raw feed and commercial compound meal is 5:5 $(CP\;30\%,\;CL\;17\%),$ vitamin C added group (VC), vitamin I added group (VE) and vitamin C and I added group (VCE). The supplementary amount of vitamin C and E corresponded to 1000 mg/kg (dry wt.) and 220mg/kg (dry wt.), respectively. Vitamin C was destroyed $50\%$ and vitamin E was destroyed $20\%$ for manufacturing process. After 8 weeks feeding trial, weight gain was $121.9\%$ in MP group, while it ranged from 180.5 to $184.9\%$ in the VC, VE and VCE group. Feed efficiency was $71.\6%$ in MP group, whereas it ranged from 78.7 to $80.6\%$ in the VC, VE and VCE group, weight gain and feed efficiency of fish fed vitamin supplemented diets were significantly higher than control group and no significant difference among the vitamin added groups was observed (p>0.05). There were no significant differences in moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, crude ash, condition factor (CF), hepatosomatic index (HSI), and visceraweight index (VWI) of body composition. Hemoglobin (Hb) was $3.79\%$ in MP group, whereas $4.99\%$ in VC group, $4.55\%$ in VE group and $5.07\%$ in VCE group; Hb was significantly higher in the vitamin added groups than the control group (p<0.05). Vitamin C retention in liver was 18.1, 20.7, 46.6, 54.0 mg/kg in MP, VE, VC and VCE groups, respectively. Vitamin E retention in liver was 25.9, 53.8, 88.2, 124.5 mg/kg in MP, VC, VE and VCE groups, respectively. These results indicate that supplementation of vitamin C and E to moist pellet diet significantly improved growth and feed efficiency of olive flounder, and the mixed addition of vitamin C (1,000 mg/kg dry wt.) and vitamin E (220 mg/kg dry wt.) did not lead to the synergy effect.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제46권3호
• /
• pp.282-286
• /
• 2013

This study was conducted to compare extruded pellets (EP) and soft extruded pellets (SEP) with a raw fish-based moist pellet (MP) diet on the growth and flesh quality of Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegeli. Three groups of 20,000 fish (initial mean weight 133 g) per net-cage ($6{\times}12{\times}7m$) were fed commercial EP, SEP or MP for 16 months. The survival of fish fed SEP was higher than those of fish fed EP or MP. The highest growth performances were observed in the mean weight gain, total weight gain, and feed efficiency of fish fed MP, followed by those fed EP and SEP. Among the fish fed on extruded pellets, the total weight gain of fish fed SEP was higher than that of those fed EP, while fish fed EP grew faster than those fed SEP. No notable differences in body composition, sensory scores or textural properties of the dorsal muscle were observed in fish fed on EP, SEP or MP. Thus, it is suggested that extruded pellets, rather than raw fish-based moist pellets, could be fed to Korean rockfish without compromising flesh quality.

• 수산해양교육연구
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.553-563
• /
• 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate the quality characteristics (proximate composition, fatty acids, amino acids and sensory properties) of whole body and dorsal muscle in olive flounder, which is switch size from juvenile to growing fed extruded pellets (EP) and raw fish-based moist pellet (MP) for 9 months. Sample was collected at 5 and 9 months to compare with those of EP and MP. Whole body crude protein of fish fed EP at 9 months was significantly higher than that of fish fed MP (P<0.05). Linolenic acid(18:3) and n-6/n-3 ratio in dorsal muscle of fish fed EP were significantly higher than those of fish fed MP (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in the results of the flavor, color, taste and texture of the muscle of the fish fed EP compared to those fed MP (P>0.05). Based on the experimental results, we concluded that olive flounder cultured with EP is not inferior to those fed MP for quality characteristics of whole body and muscle.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제42권5호
• /
• pp.476-480
• /
• 2009

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of extruded pellets (EP) containing different levels of protein (51%-55%) and lipid (9%-15%) for growth of flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) comparing with raw fish-based moist pellet (MP). Two replicate groups of 40 fish per each tank (initial mean weight 106 g) were fed one of three experimental EP (EP1, EP2 and EP3) containing different protein and lipid levels, a commercial EP (EP4) and MP for 16 weeks. Survival was not significantly different among all groups. Final mean weight of fish fed MP was significantly lower than that of fish fed EP1, EP2 and EP4 (P<0.05), but not significantly different from fish fed EP3. Feed efficiency of MP-fed fish was significantly lower than fish fed all EP formulations (P<0.05), but no significant difference was observed among the EP groups. Daily feed intake of MP-fed fish was significantly higher than fish fed all EP formulations (P<0.05). Condition factor was not significantly different among all groups. Whole body moisture and crude lipid contents were significantly affected by diet (P<0.05). Growth and feed efficiency of flounder was not affected by EP protein and lipid levels. Dietary formulation used in EP1, EP2 and EP3 can be applied to the practical feeding of flounder.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제47권6호
• /
• pp.810-817
• /
• 2014

Two consecutive feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of extruded pellet (EP) and raw fish-based moist pellet (MP) in the juvenile (experiment I) and sub-adult (experiment II) stages of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. The fish were distributed randomly to three aquarium tanks, as a group of 1,200 fish (initial mean weight $13.5{\pm}1.76g$) in experiment I, and as a group of 390 fish (initial mean weight $385{\pm}15.3g$) in experiment II. In experiment I, the weight gain, specific growth rate, feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio, and survival of fish fed EP were all significantly higher than those of fish fed MP. In experiment II, no significant differences were observed in weight gain, specific growth rate and survival between the EP and MP groups. However, the feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratios of fish fed EP were significantly higher than those of fish fed MP. The results of this study indicate that EP could be developed to replace MP for market size production of olive flounder without any adverse effects on the growth performance. The dietary formulation used in this study could be used as an appropriate feed for olive flounder.

• 수산해양교육연구
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.667-675
• /
• 2014

Two types of diets, extruded pellet (EP) and raw-fish-based moist pellet (MP) were fed to compare growth, water quality and histology of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus in Jeju fish farm. Two groups of 7000 fish per each tank (initial mean weight 51 g) were fed one of two diets for 7 months. At the end of the feeding trial, significant differences were found in weight gain and feed utilization. Dissolved oxygen (DO) level of the MP tank was decreased from 7.98 to 6.89 after feeding. There were no significant differences in hematocrit, hemoglobin, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase of fish fed the two diets. Whole body protein content of fish fed the EP was significantly higher than that of fish fed the MP. While the feeding rate by month indicated numerically decreased, fish fed the MP had higher feed intake than that of fish fed the EP. Histological examination of hepatopancreas, kidney, and anterior intestine of fish fed the EP did not show any negative effects compared to those of fish fed the MP. This study revealed that EP could substitute for MP in terms of growth performance, blood parameters, water quality and histology of olive flounder.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.253-257
• /
• 2014

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the surface microhardness of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) samples having different thicknesses and exposed to human blood from one side and with or without a moist cotton pellet on the other side. Materials and Methods: Ninety cylindrical molds with three heights of 2, 4, and 6 mm were fabricated. In group 1 (dry condition), molds with heights of 2, 4, and 6 mm (10 molds of each) were filled with ProRoot MTA (Dentsply Tulsa Dental), and the upper surface of the material was not exposed to any additional moisture. In groups 2 and 3, a distilled water- or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-moistened cotton pellet was placed on the upper side of MTA, respectively. The lower side of the molds in all the groups was in contact with human blood-wetted foams. After 4 day, the Vickers microhardness of the upper surface of MTA was measured. Results: In the dry condition, the 4 and 6 mm-thick MTA samples showed significantly lower microhardness than the 2 mm-thick samples (p = 0.003 and p = 0.001, respectively). However, when a distilled water- or PBS-moistened cotton pellet was placed over the MTA, no significant difference was found between the surface microhardness of samples having the abovementioned three thicknesses of the material (p = 0.210 and p = 0.112, respectively). Conclusions: It could be concluded that a moist cotton pellet must be placed over the 4 to 6 mm-thick MTA for better hydration of the material. However, this might not be necessary when 2 mm-thick MTA is used.

• 한국양식학회지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.287-292
• /
• 2005

본 연구는 넙치 육성용으로 실험 부상배합사료와 시판사료 및 생사료의 효능을 비교하기 위해 평균 체중 43.5 g의 넙치를 8주 동안 사육하였다. 실험사료로 4종류의 부상배합사료(EPl-EP4), 시판사료 4종류(EP5-EP8)및 습사료(MP)를 준비하여 1일 3회 만복으로 공급하였다. 사육실험 결과, 생존율은 모든 실험구에서 $85\%$ 이상으로 양호하였으며, 증중률은 EP2-EP4 실험구에서 가장 높은 값을 보였으며, EP6 실험구에서 가장 낮았다. 사료효율과 단백질효율은 MP 실험구에서 가장 낮은 값을 보인 반면, 일일 사료섭취율과 일일 단백질섭취율은 MP 실험구에서 가장 높은 값을 보였다. 어체의 단백질 함량은 실험구간에 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 수분, 지질 및 회분 함량은 사료에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였다. 혈액의 총 단백질은 모든 실험구간에 유의한 차이가 없었으며 , 중성지방은 EP3 실험구에서 높은 값을 보이긴 하였지만, EP7 실험구를 제외한 모든 실험구간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 이상의 결과들로 보아 평균체중 42 g${\~}$108 g인 넙치의 성장을 위해 EP2-EP4를 공급하여도 좋을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.18-21
• /
• 1999

본 연구는 넙치 치어 (평균체중 1.6g)의 적정 사료 공급 횟수를 조사하여 경제적이고 수질오염원을 줄이기 위한 먹이 공급 체계를 제시하기 위해 수행되었다. 양어가들이 주로 사용하고 있는 건조 pellet 형태의 상품사료와 습사료 (moist pellet, MP)를 제조하여 각 실험수조 (50$\iota$)에 40마리씩 3 (diet)$\times$5 (feeding regimen)$\times$3 (replication) factorial design으로 수용하여 사육 실험 하였다. 사료 공급은 1일 4회 (06:00, 10:00, 14:00, 18:00), 1일 3회 (06:00, 12:00, 18:00), 1일 2회 (06:00, 18:00), 1일 1회 (06:00) 및 2일 1회 (09:00)로 설정하였다. 3 종류의 실험사료로 넙치 치어를 30일간 사육 실험한 결과, 모든 사료에서 공급 횟수가 낮아질수록 일일사료섭취량은 감소하였으며 (P<0.05),사료 공급 횟수가 동일할 때에도 사료 종류에 따라 사료 섭취량이 달라지는 경향을 보였고, 특히 MP 사료가 다른 두 사료보다 그 섭취량이 낮았다. 성장은 세 사료 모두 1일 3회 공급구는 1일 4회 공급구와 유의적인 차이가 없었으므로 1.6$\~$4g의 넙치 치어의 적정 사료 공급 횟수는 1일 3회가 적당할 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 사료를 불필요하게 자주 공급할 필요가 없을 것으로 보이며, 과다한 사료 공급은 경제적으로나 인력적인 면에서 불이익이 초래될 것으로 판단된다.

• 수산경영론집
• /
• 제47권4호
• /
• pp.57-63
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study was to raise some questions about the supply and demand statistics of fisheries products and to find implications for food supply and demand. There are three problems in the statistics of fisheries supply and demand. First, it is a structural problem of supply and demand statistics. Supply and demand statistics are not accurate because the feed, the amount of loss, and the waste rate are not surveyed. Second, the amount of fish used as a moist pellet is missing. Third, although some of the seaweed and kelp production is used as abalone feed, it is not classified as feed. Taking these results into consideration, at least 300,000 tons should be classified as feed for fisheries supply and demand statistics. As mentioned above, the current statistics on the supply and demand of fisheries are incomplete and structural improvement is needed.