• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.820-829
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• 2006

Wireless sensor networks consisting of hundreds to thousands of nodes are expected to be increasingly deployed in coming years, as they enable reliable monitoring and analysis of physical worlds. These networks have unique features that are very different from traditional networks, e.g., the numerous numbers of nodes, limitation in power, processing, and memory. Due to these unique features of wireless sensor networks, sensor data management including querying becomes a challenging problem. Furthermore, due to wide popularization of the Internet and its facility in use, it is generally accepted that an unattended network can be efficiently managed and monitored over the Internet. In particular, in order to more efficiently query and manage data in a sensor network. in this paper, the architecture of a sensor gateway including web-based query server is presented and its implementation detail is illustrated. The presented web-based gateway is largely divided into two important parts: Internet part and sensor network part. The sensor network part plays an important role of handling a variety of sensor networks, including flat or hierarchical network architecture, by using internally layered architecture for efficiently querying and managing data in a sensor network. In addition, the Internet part provides a modular gateway function for favorable exchange between the sensor network and Internet.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.5-11
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• 2008

Far greater than ever before is the present industrial demand for skilled professionals in innovative product design and development. Yet there is an apparent lack of a sufficient curricular provision for training design professionals in almost all engineering schools. The present study is to propose a systematic procedure for developing a strategy for building an innovative product design curriculum and demonstrate its application. The procedure consists of three major steps: strategic element derivation, task formulation, and task execution roadmap construction. The proposed procedure was applied to develop a modular curriculum (a cluster of several related courses) covering various subjects in relation to innovative product design and development. The procedure seems quite effective and useful for developing a curriculum that is strategically well differentiated based on the unique characteristics of a particular educational institute and its applicability seems not limited to a specific domain.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.53-67
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• 2011

The major objective of this study was to quantify the effects of substrate depth and substrate composition on the development of sedum etc., in a sloped rooftop (6 : 12 pitch) environment during a 4-year period. The experiment was conducted from 2006 October to 2010 December under several conditions without soil erosion control : two substrate depth (5cm, 10cm), four substrate composition (A5N3C2, A3N3C4, A6C4, G5L3C2: A: artificial lightweight soil, N : natural soil, G : granite decomposed soil, C : leave composite, L : loess), four sloped roof direction ($E40^{\circ}W$, $W40^{\circ}N$, $S40^{\circ}W$, $N40^{\circ}E$). In this experiment 4 sedum etc., were used: Sedum sarmentosum, Sedum kamtschaticum, Sedum rupestre, Sedum telephium, flowering herbs (mixed seed : Taraxacum platycarpum, Lotus corniculatus, Aster yomena, Aster koraiensis), western grasses (mixed seed : Tall fescue, Creeping redfescue, Bermuda grass, Perennial ryegrass). The establishment factor had two levels : succulent shoot establishment (sedum), seeding (flowering herbs, western grasses). 1. Enkamat, as it bring about top soil exfoliation, was unsuitable material for soil erosion control. 2. Sedum species exhibited greater growth at a substrate depth of 10cm relative to 5cm. All flowering herbs and western grasses established only at a substrate depth of 5cm were died. A substrate depth of 5cm was not suited in sloped rooftop greening without maintenance. If additional soil erosion control will be supplemented, a substrate depth of 10cm in sloped rooftop greening without maintenance was considered suitable. 3. For all substrate depth and composition, the most abundant species was Sedum kamtschaticum. The percentage of surviving Sedum kamtschaticum was 73.4% at a substrate depth of 10cm in autumn 2007 one year after the roof vegetation had been established. But the percentage of surviving other sedum were 33.3%~51.9%, therefor mulching for soil erosion control was essential after rooftop establishment in extensive sloped roof greening was proved. To raise the ratio of plant survival, complete establishment of plant root at substrate was considered essential before rooftop establishment. 4. There was a significant interaction between biomass and substrate moisture content. There were also a significant difference of substrate moisture and erosion among substrate composition. The moisture content of A6C4 was highest, the resistance to erosion of A5N3C2 was highest among substrate composition. The biomass of plants were not significantly higher in A5N3C2 and A6C4 relative to A3N3C4 and G5L3C2, For substrate moisture and erosion resistance, A5N3C2 and A6C4 were considered suitable in sloped rooftop greening without maintenance. 5. There were significant difference among roof slope direction on the substrate moisture. Especially, the substrate moisture content of $S40^{\circ}W$ was lower relative to that of $N40^{\circ}E$, that guessed by solar radiation and erosion.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

The development of new technology and process in industrial Plant which builds integrated structures, facilities and systems. Has become a key element for strengthening its competitiveness. Although domestic industrial Plant has demonstrated excellence in technology with a persistent increase in order quantity and orders received, the technology gap between countries has narrowed due to global construction trend. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new technology that could help overcome constraints and limitations of the current one to follow the trend in the age of unlimited competition. This study has focused on assembly technology of Pipe-rack joint connection in an effort to strengthen technological competitiveness in industrial Plant. Through an analysis of earlier studies on Pipe-rack and a coMParative analysis of strengths and weaknesses of current assembly technology of it, a new design plan has been made to improve it efficiently. In doing this, standards for design factors of both structural and performance features have been drawn, and value of stress, strain, moment and rotation has been calculated using finite element analysis. As a result, installation technology of modular type Pipe-rack, which has not been developed in Korea and is differentiated from the current one, has been developed. It is considered that the technology reduces work time and saves cost due to simplified joint connection of steel structure, unlike the current one. Moreover, since it is installed without a welding process in the field, industrial accidents would be reduced, which is likely to have economic competitiveness and satisfy.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1999.10e
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• pp.441-446
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• 1999

본 연구는 접속사를 통한 텍스트 통합 과정이 논리적 추론 종류에 따라 다른 정보처리 과정 혹은 다른 종류의 단원적 구조(modular structure in language processing)에 의해 처리되는지를 조사하기 위해 실시되었다. 또한, 접속사를 통한 추론 과정이 실어증의 증상 종류에 따라 다른 종류의 언어정보처리 손상이 있는지를 평가하기 위해 실시되었다. 실험에 참가한 환자는 이해성 실어증환자(Wernicke aphasic), 전반성 실어증 환자(Global aphasic), 표현성 실어증 환자(Broca aphasic) 등이었다. en 종류의 과제를 이용하였다. 한 과제는 앞 뒤 문장을 논리적 관계성을 표현하는 접속사를 채워 넣는 과제였고 다른 과제는 접속사가 포함된 텍스트가 옳은지를 판단하는 정오 판단 과제였다. 실험재료 문장에 사용된 접속사는 추가적인 정보를 제공하는 '그리고'와 대등 관계를 나타내는 '그러나' 및 인과 관계를 표현하는 '그래서' 였다. 이 세 종류의 접속사는 각기 다른 논리적 관계성을 나타낸다. 실험 결과는 실어증 환자가 전반적으로 채워 넣기 과제에서 보다는 정오 판단 과제에서 더 많은 실수를 보였으며, 표현성 실어증 환자보다는 이해성 실어증 환자가 더 많은 오류를 보였다. 또한, 세 종류의 접속사 중에 '그리고'가 표함된 텍스트에서 더 많은 실수를 보였다. 이 연구에서 나타난 흥미 있는 결과는 표현성 실어증 환자는 '그러나' 접속사가 포함된 텍스트에서의 수행이 '그래서'가 포함된 경우에서보다 좋은 반면에 전반성 실어증 환자는 '그래서'를 포함하는 텍스트에서의 수행이 '그러나'를 포함하는 텍스트에서의 수행이 더 우수해서 이중해리(double dissociation)가 나타난다는 사실이다. 이 결과는 선후 문장이 어떤 종류의 논리적 관계성을 지니는가에 따라 다른 종류의 정보처리가 진행된다는 것을 암시하는 결과이다.>$\textrm{cm}^2$.。C로 비교적 양호한 초전박막의 전기적 특성을 나타내었다.(Mg+Fe)비를 갖고 전자에 비해 Al이 풍부한 환경에서 생성되었으며, 따라서 활석과 연관되지 않은 녹니석은 생성시 광체와 인접한 화강아질 편마암에 의해 주로영향을 받았을 것으로 생각된다. 녹니석의 이러한 2가지 화학조성상의 경향은 녹니석과 공존하는 운모류나 각섬석류들의 화학분석결과와도 잘 일치한다. 이러한 결과는 이 지역의 활석 광상이 초염기성암 기원의 사문암이 열수변질작용을 받아 생성되었음을 명확하게 지시하며, 따라서 활석 광석내에 존재하는 녹니석은 활석의 근원 광물로서 녹니석편암 및 녹니석 편마암 매의 녹니석이 활석화되고 남은 잔존광물이 아니라, 주변암에 의해 성분상의 영향을 받은 열수와 사문암과의 변질교대작용에 의한 활석화과정 중에 주로 생성된 것으로 추정된다. 이러한 결과는 연구지역의 활석광상이 초염기성암의 사문암화 작용과 활석화 작용의 두 가지 변질작용에 의해 형성되어졌음을 알려준다.농도 증가 없이 폐 조직에 약 50배 정도의 고농도 cisplatin을 투여할 수 있었으며, 또한 분리 폐 관류 시 cisplatin에 의한 직접적 폐 독성은 발견되지 않았다이 낮았으나 통계학적 의의는 없었다[10.0%(4/40) : 8.2%(20/244), p>0.05]. 결론: 비디오흉강경술에서 재발을 낮추기 위해 수술시 폐야 전체를 관찰하여 존재하는 폐기포를 놓치지 않는 것이 중요하며, 폐기포를 확인하지 못한 경우와 이차성 자연기흉에 대해서는 흉막유착술에 더 세심한 주의가 필요하다는 것을 확인하였다. 비디오흉강경수술은 통증이 적고, 입원기간이 짧고, 사회로의 복귀가 빠르며, 고위험군에 적용할 수 있고, 무엇보다도 미용상의 이점이 크다는 면에서 자연기흉에 대해 유용한 치료방법임에는 틀림이 없으나 개흉술에 비해 재발율이 높고 비용이 비싸다는 문제가 제기되고 있는 만큼

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.2
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• pp.42-89
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• 2000

Industrial ceramic of Korean industrial design, especially tableware show different characteristics in their forms between 1940s-1960s, and 1970s-1990s. The shift of such changes can be verified objectively by module measurement. The validity of the results applying this method is supported by the investigation of the change of aesthetic modes in Korean society. The most obvious change in the figurative characteristics of tableware is in the outline of their external shapes. 'Module' is used to describe and analyze the changes of such an external shape more strictly as the objective method and measuring the module is employed. This method was developed by the combination of the method analyzing figurative art works by Re Corbuise who uses 'module' with Hambidge's method to describe and analyze the works by means of the golden section. The shift of flgurative changes of tableware could be examined objectively and elaborately by such a newly developed method. The industrialization of tableware production in Korea was begun in 1940s. Then its design was not activated, but as the society has been stabilized through the liberation and civil war, design was settled in 1960s. After that, the design has played the essential roles in 1970s. And as the importance of design in producing goods has been recognized according to the economic growth. The design of tableware shows a remarkable difference based on 1960s and 1970s in such an economic growth. It is resulted from the scientific data analysis of the design since 1940 without any preference. According to the results which analyze the external shapes of tableware for last 50 years, the tableware designs show much differences between 1940s-1960s, and 1970s-1990s. The figurative changes of Korean tableware show the similar trends to the transitional aspects of the society. Design is the manifestation of aesthetic modes which have been developed in a close relationship to society and especially economy. In Korea the development of design was initiated by the economic growth and the Korean aesthetic modes were also changed with the economic growth. The transitional shift of aesthetic modes shown in the figurative characteristics of tableware which are divided on the basis of 1960s and 1970s was peak in 1970s with the development of economy and design started in 1960s.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.211-217
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• 2011

Wood Polymer Composite (WPC) has attracted a great deal of attention in environmental industries due to renewable resources, processability, excellent physical properties and logging regulations for application to housing units and engineering construction materials. In this study, commercial WPCs were prepared by using a modular intermeshing co-rotating twin screw extruder. The effect of three main factors such as wood flour contents, coupling agent concentrations and pre-treatment of wood flour on the properties of WPCs was extensively investigated. It was found that tensile strength and thermal stability were decreased with increasing wood flour contents whereas the water absorption was increased. Addition of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA) into WPC exhibited better physical properties. On the contrary, the water absorption was slightly decreased with PP-g-MA. Finally the sample, which was prepared with pre-treated wood flour, represented the highest tensile strength. However, the water absorption of the sample was increased due to the transition of crystalline structure of cellulose.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.96-104
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• 2007

Purpose: The authors investigated whether 35 flexible nail-rotating hinge composite reconstructions around knee joint minimize junctional osteolysis of host bone. Material and Method: The reconstructive technique was as follows: 1) en bloc tumor resection, 2) filling of the host bone marrow cavity with multiple Ender nails, 3) assembling the Ender nails and an Endo-Link type total knee component with wire and bone cement. Result: Mean follow-up was 53 months (ranged 30~79). At final follow-up, 29 patients retained a mobile joint. Resection of more than 40% of bone showed a positive relationship with junctional hypertrophy (p=0.028). Eight patients showed nail breakage and eight prostheses were removed due to early or late infection. The cumulative prosthetic survival rate was 33% at 6 year. Average functional score according to the MSTS criteria was 26.8. Conclusion: Mid-term evaluations showed that results were fair. The revision process was straightforward. Junctional hypertrophy observed appears to give some clues as to how to minimize osteolysis at the prosthesis-host junction after modular prosthesis fixation.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2020

There have been often cases of collapse for geogrid reinforced soil (GRS) retaining wall. Hence, social interest in the reinforcement and restoration of the collapsed GRS wall is increasing day by day. However, there are only few researches. For this reason, a series of numerical analyses using the Plaxis 2D program was conducted in this study to analyze the suitable reinforcement methods that can be applied on the existing damaged GRS wall caused by overturning of the modular blocks facing and the surface settlement at the backfill as the results from the design failure. The restoration plan used in this study is composed of two cases: (Case 1) soil nailing reinforcement and reinforced concrete (RC) wall facing construction on the existing damaged GRS wall; and (Case 2) removal of the entire damaged GRS wall and then reconstruction. The results on the internal stability of the GRS wall show that Case 1 obtained a greater safety factor than Case 2 for tensile force while Case 2 had a greater safety factor than Case 1 for pullout failures. Case 1 was found to be more stable than Case 2 in terms of the global slope safety by shear strength reduction method and the external deformation behavior by numerical analysis. In this study, the existing damaged GRS wall which was reinforced using Case 1 method shows more stable external behavior.

• Interdisciplinary Bio Central
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.10.1-10.12
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• 2012

Introduction: We investigated frameshift suppressor tRNAs previously reported to use five-base anticodon-codon interactions in order to provide a collection of frameshift suppressor tRNAs to the synthetic biology community and to develop modular frameshift suppressor logic devices for use in synthetic biology applications. Results and Discussion: We adapted eleven previously described frameshift suppressor tRNAs to the BioBrick cloning format, and built three genetic logic circuits to detect frameshift suppression. The three circuits employed three different mechanisms: direct frameshift suppression of reporter gene mutations, frameshift suppression leading to positive feedback via quorum sensing, and enzymatic amplification of frameshift suppression signals. In the course of testing frameshift suppressor logic, we uncovered unexpected behavior in the frameshift suppressor tRNAs. The results led us to posit a four-base binding hypothesis for the frameshift suppressor tRNA interactions with mRNA as an alternative to the published five-base binding model. Conclusion and Prospects: The published five-base anticodon/codon rule explained only 17 of the 58 frameshift suppression experiments we conducted. Our deduced four-base binding rule successfully explained 56 out of our 58 frameshift suppression results. In the process of applying biological knowledge about frameshift suppressor tRNAs to the engineering application of frameshift suppressor logic, we discovered new biological knowledge. This knowledge leads to a redesign of the original engineering application and encourages new ones. Our study reinforces the concept that synthetic biology is often a winding path from science to engineering and back again; scientific investigations spark engineering applications, the implementation of which suggests new scientific investigations.