• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
• /
• 1999.10a
• /
• pp.43-50
• /
• 1999

The planarized SiO$_2$ particles were prepared by two-step reduction method of making much smaller particles, micron-sized ones, to improve spreadability, adherence, and smoothness. Various pigments known as flaky extender usually have terrace layers on their surfaces, but SiO$_2$ particles in this study exhibit a smooth surface structure. These single SiO$_2$ particles were used as core particles to prepare the composite particles coated with ultra fine TiO$_2$ particles by a homogeneous precipitation method. The thickness and the morphology of the deposited TiO$_2$ layers could be modified by adjusting the reactant concentrations, the reaction time and the temperature. The characteristics of SiO$_2$/TiO$_2$ composite in the field of color cosmetics are to give an UV-cut effect and to enhance the chroma of human skin color, one of optical properties.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
• /
• v.43 no.2 s.308
• /
• pp.40-47
• /
• 2006

This paper proposes a multitoning method using threshold modulation of MJBNM(Modified Jointly Blue Noise Mask) for banding artifacts reduction. As banding artifacts in multitoning appear as uniform dot distributions around the intermediate output levels, such multitone output results in discontinuity and visually unpleasing patterns in smooth transition regions. Therefore, to reduce these banding artifacts, the proposed method rearranges the dot distribution by introducing pixels in the neighborhood of output levels that occurs banding artifacts. First of all principal cause of banding artifacts are analyzed using mathematical description. Based on this analytical result, a threshold modulation technique of MJBNM which takes account of chrominance error and correlation between channels is applied. The original threshold range of MJBNM is first scaled linearly sot that the minimum and maximum of the scaled range include two pixel more than adjacent two output levels that cover an input value. In an input value is inside the vicinity of any intermediate output levels produce banding artifacts, the output is set to one of neighboring output levels based on the pointwise comparison result according to threshold modulation parameter that determines the dot density and distribution. In this case, adjacent pixels are introduced at the position where the scaled threshold values are located between two output levels and the minimum and maximum threshold values. Otherwise, a conventional multitoning method is applied. As a result, the proposed method effectively decreased the appearance of banding artifacts around the intermediate output levels. To evaluate the quality of the multitone result, HVS-WRMSE according to gray level for gray ramp image and S-CIELAB color difference for color ramp image are compared with other methods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.878-885
• /
• 1997

Effect of various ingredients and cooling methods on the quality of modified Jeung-pyun(traditional Korean steamed rice cake) were studied. Three different kinds of wheat flours(strong, medium, and weak) were studied to evaluate the volume and firmness of Jeung-pyun. Weak flour showed the maximum volume and good sensory results. The optimum ratio of ingredients was flour : water ; sugar ; Tak-Ju=100 : 20 : 20 : 50 for steaned Jeung-pyun. When three different cooking methods were compared, the maximum volume showed from convection oven method, but the crust color of Jeung-pyun was like bread. Steaming method showed higher volume than that of product heated by microwave method. The optimum formula ratio for the microwave method was flour ; water ; sugar ; Tak-Ju = 100 : 30 : 20 : 50, which required 10% higher added water content than that of steaming. When wheat flour was used instead of rice flour, the addition of 5% normal corn starch increased volume of both steamed and microwave cooked products. In the case of added modified starches to Jeung-pyn, 5% $\alpha$-waxy corn starch showed the highest volume in steaming method. When rice flour was used, the addition of 5%$\alpha$-waxy corn starch also showed highest volume f both steamed and microwave cooked products. The firmness of steamed wheat flour Jeung-pyun, containing 5%$\alpha$-corn starch was higher firmness than that of control and other added samples. Microwave cooked products showed two or three times higher firmness of steaming products. The use of wrap(uni-wrap) and stabilizer(METHOCEL) decreased the firmness of microwave cooked wheat flour Jeung-pyun to 200~300g compared with that of untreated Jeung-pyun.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.51 no.5
• /
• pp.1195-1208
• /
• 2019

This paper introduces a new two-step procedure for PWR depletion analyses. This procedure adopts the albedo-corrected parameterized equivalence constants (APEC) method to correct the lattice-based raw cross sections (XSs) and discontinuity factors (DFs) by accounting for neutron leakage. The intrinsic limitations of the conventional two-step methods are discussed by analyzing a 2-dimensional SMR with the commercial DeCART2D/MASTER code system. For a full-scope development of the APEC correction, the MASTER nodal code was modified so that the group constants can be corrected in the middle of a microscopic core depletion. The basic APEC methodology is described and color-set problems are defined to determine the APEC functions for burnup-dependent XS and DF corrections. Then the new two-step method was applied to depletion analyses of the SMR without thermal feedback, and its validity was evaluated in terms of being able to predict accurately the reactor eigenvalue and nodal power profile. In addition, four variants of the original SMR core were also analyzed for a further evaluation of the APEC-assisted depletion. In this work, several combinations of the burnup-dependent and -independent XS and DF corrections were also considered. The results show that the APEC method could enhance the nodal equivalence significantly with inexpensive additional costs.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• v.7 no.6
• /
• pp.511-522
• /
• 2010

A color based segmentation procedure and a modified signature technique have been applied to the detection and analyses of complicated void shapes in cemented materials. The gray-scale segmentation and available signature methods were found to be inefficient especially for the analyses of complicated void shapes. The applicability of the developed methodology has been demonstrated on artificially prepared cemented materials made of self compacted concrete material. In order to characterize the void shapes in the investigated sample images, two new shape parameters called as coefficients of inclusion and exclusion have been proposed. When compared with the traditional use of the signature method, it was found that the methodology followed herein would better characterize complicated void shapes. The methodology followed in this study may be applied to the analysis of complicated void shapes that are often encountered in other cementitious materials such as clays and rocks.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.97-107
• /
• 2001

In this paper, an illuminant estimation algorithm of a chromatic digital images proposed. The proposed illumination estimation method has two phases. First, the surface spectral reflectances are recovered. In this case, the surface spectral reflectances recovered are limited to the maximum highlight region (MHR) which is the most achromatic and highly bright region of an image after applying intermediate color constancy process using a modified gray world algorithm. Next, the surface reflectances of the maximum highlight region are estimated using the principal component analysis method along with a set of given Munsell samples. Second, the spectral distribution of reflected lights of MHR is selected from the spectral database. That is a color difference is compared between the reflected lights of the MHR and the spectral database that is the set of reflected lights built by the given Munsell samples and a set of illuminants. Then the closest colors from the spectral database are selected. Finally, the illuminant of an image can be calculated dividing the average spectral distributions of reflected lights of MHR by the average surface reflectances of the MHR. In order to evaluate the proposed algorithm, experiments with artificial and real captured color-biased scenes were performed and numerical comparison examined. The proposed method was effective in estimating the spectral of the given illuminant sunder various illuminants.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.93-101
• /
• 2002

The quality of agricultural products is classified with various factors which are measured and determined by destructive and/or nondestructive method. NIR spectrum analysis method is used to determine internal qualities such as a brix and an acidity. CCD color camera is used to measure external quality like color and a size of fruit. Today, nondestructive methods are widely researched. The quality and the grade of fruit loaded into a cup automatically and measured in real time by camera and NIR system is determined by infernal and external factors. This paper proposes modified boundary tracking algorithm which detects the contour of fruit's color image and make chain code faster than conventional method. The chain code helps compute a size of fruit image and find multiple loading of a fruit in single cup or fruit between two cups. The designed classification system sorts a citrus at speed of 8 fruit/s, with evaluating a brix, an acidity and a size grade.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.20 no.11
• /
• pp.1720-1728
• /
• 2017

Active shape model is widely used in the field of image processing especially on arbitrary meaningful shape extraction from single gray level image. Cootes et. al. showed efficient detection of variable shape from image by using covariance and mean shape from learning. There are two stages of learning and testing. Hahn applied enhanced shape alignment method rather than using Cootes's rotation and scale scheme. Hahn did not modified the profile itself. In this paper, the method using directional one dimensional profile is proposed to enhance Cootes's one dimensional profile and the shape alignment algorithm of Hahn is combined. The performance of the proposed method was superior to Cootes's and Hahn's. Average landmark estimation error for each image was 27.72 pixels and 39.46 for Cootes's and 33.73 for Hahn's each.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.28-34
• /
• 2010

Conductive and radiative thermal model configurations of an imager of a geostationary satellite are presented. A two-plane method is introduced for three dimensional conductive coupling which is not able to be treated by thin shell plate thermal modeling technique. Especially the two-plane method is applied to massive matters and PIP(Payload Interface Plate) in the imager model. Some massive matters in the thermal model are modified by adequate correction factors or equivalent thickness in order to obtain the numerical results of thermal modeling to be consistent with the analytic model. More detailed nodal breakdown is specially employed to the object which has the rapid temperature gradient expected by a rule of thumb. This detailed thermal model of the imager is supposed to be used for analyses and test predictions, and be correlated with the thermal vacuum test results before final in-flight predictions.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.335-339
• /
• 2005

The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) plays an important role in regulation of melanin pigment synthesis within mammalian melanocytes. Mutations within the gene encoding MC1R have been shown to explain coat color variations within several mammalian species including cattle. To develope a rapid and accurate method for the identification of Hanwoo, we performed a modified PCR-RFLP analysis of MC1R gene using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within MC1R as a target. A size of 538 bp (537 bp for Hanwoo) was amplified by PCR, digested with Hpa II, and electrophoresed on a 1.5% agarose gel. A PCR product from Hanwoo showed a single band of 537 bp, whereas two fragments of 328 bp and 210 bp were detected in both Holstein and Black angus. The current result suggests that the PCR-RFLP using our primers and enzyme digestion system would be very accurate, easy and reproducible method to discriminate between Hanwoo and Holstein/Black angus meat.