• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.4 s.51
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• pp.3-10
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• 2005

German architect Hans Scharoun (1893-1972) has long been known as an Expressionist Architect, but recent scholarships reveal that his architectural pieces represent a profound idea of modern functional building. In this context, his architectural tendency can be constructed as an advanced functionalism. In the early twentieth century Germany, many young architects were not given chances to build due to economic hardship after World War I, and they were naturally led to imagery sketch designs for future architecture. Scharoun began with utopian fantasies as one might easily notice through his watercolor paintings in the Glass Chain period, but further developed his vision into a more concrete idea on organic building which he believed to be a modem functionalism. This paper intends to exemplify Scharoun's modern functionalism through a detailed analysis of his design of Weissenhofhaus presented at Stuttgart Deutscher Werkbund Exhibition in 1927. Weissenhofhaus is often rebuked for its expressionist qualifies by famous critics such as Sigfried Giedion and Nikolaus Pevsner, but the house also suggests other possibilities within the Modern Movement in Architecture. In particular, Weissenhofhaus is chosen for its historical importance linking two world war eras in German modern architecture.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.120-128
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• 2007

This study explored the philosophical Modernity with the Enlightenment in relation to cultural and aesthetic modernism rooted in Modern furniture, which directly reflected modern culture and society with rationality, science, individualism, progressive, universal truths, etc, using qualitative analysis about the related literature as the principal methodology. A fundamental philosophy of the modern furniture influenced by Industrial Revolution is that the dictates of function and industrial technology must be decided by form. The theory and practice of the International Style in modern furniture came from the modern aesthetics in the philosophy of Modernity. As a result, as influenced through the Enlightenment project and the relationship of individual to society in relation to cultural and aesthetic modernism, and the three modern movements with furniture, which are Arts and Crafts movement, Art Nouveau, and Art Deco, represented the beginning style of modern furniture design toward functionalism or minimalism.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.126-135
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to identify characteristic of Swedish craft and modern design in especially furniture and interior design through the philosophy and humanitarian functionalism of Svenskt Tenn. The study completed through researching what the design paradigm of architecture and furniture design in those days was, and theoretically analyzing how this unique brand became a leading modern Swedish style in the European stream of functionalism design. Working upon this research, the study concludes the concept of the humanitarian functionalism design what Firma Svenskt Tenn wanted to realize through analyzing the aspects of form and material of Josef Frank' works who mainly contributed to form the Svenskt Tenn's unique design identity and comparing them to the other design examples of those days. The result are as follows: 1) Organic composition of space and elements, styles and functions, 2) Unique space composition of amalgamation, 3) Open space with abstract patterns, 4) Furniture shapes of displaying space environment, 5) Overcoming the limits of pragmatic functionalism based on rationalism.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.8 no.1 s.18
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• pp.53-62
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• 1999

Modernism in architecture is a very complex and contradictory phenomena. So much so that it has been defined in various ways throughout the history, depending on one's position in the cultural and historical circumstances. It is thus necessary to map out the various concepts of modernism and their relationships in order to have a more comprehensive understanding of modern architecture. This paper attempts to define the various positions as functionalism, formalism and artistic avant-gardism, and to trace their history from the early twentieth century to the present. The change of the concept of modernism from functionalism to artistic avant-gardism seems a logical process in the history of western modem culture. The tendency of contemporary architecture to be more abstract and self referential artistic practice reflects the fragmentation of modern culture and the separation of art and technology. The validity of this position, of course, depends on how one evaluates the role of modern art in the situation of modern culture. It could be viewed either negatively or positively. However, this position is problematic in that it disregards the fundamental differences between architecture and other arts and distanced architecture farther from its material base. Given this historical perspective on the concept of modernism, modernism in Korea should not viewed simply identical to the western modernism, nor should western modernism be imported uncritically. The characteristics of her modernization and their differences from the west should be considered, along with the different status and role of architecture in korean modern society.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is not to understand functionalism from a simple program or effectiveness and economic perspective, but to reinterpret from a substantial perspective that modern architects assert commonly and to apply it to hospital design in a new way.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.638-647
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to discover the interrelationship between modern costumes and Seung-Hee Choi's dancing costumes in 1930s. Seung-Hee Choi, who was a dancing pioneer in Korea, introduced the modern dancing costumes for the first time in Korea. The results are as followed ; First, we can find Eroticism in Choi's dancing dress. Choi's dancing costume had used gold thread, silver thread, spangle, see-through and a half-naked body clothing that decorated with beads and cords. It is similar to modern costumes in ubjet mtter, silhouette, design, and so on. Second, the influence of Futurism was in her dancing costumes, that is, it represented asymmetry designs and rectilineal figures. Third, not only beauty but also a Functionalism was expressed in her dancing costumes. Functional beauty was shown through bias cut, pleats, slit, and so on.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.17
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• pp.136-142
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• 1998

In early 20th Century Neo Art Movement and Fuctionalim in Europe effected to create new tendency as Modern Design and technical development through Industrial Revolution offered technical background to realize Modern Design. All these things were basic to establish 1920s and the concept as Modern Design had been established at this time in field of Architecture and design. Thubular-steel Chair which used industrial material based on social andtechnical circumstance came out as an epochal event and which symbolize Modern Design have enlarged their concept with 1920s European Dwelling Space. According to each tendency arrange characteristics as classifying on the society-cultural spatial plastic technical sides multiple dwelling house and tubular-steel chair for low income brackets have characteristic of (1) the pursuit of social functionalism design for public(socity-cultural characteristics) (2) the pursuit of simplicity based on functionalism (plastic charcteristics) (3) the standardization for mass production (technical characteristc). In conclusion the characteristics of tubular-steel chair which correspond with dwelling space in 1920's is presented a type for relation between furniture and space which correspond with formating in the formative period of Modern-design.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.271-289
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• 2012

This study analyzes the Western rocking chair style of the middle of the 20th century (1945~1970), and investigates academically characteristics from formative and practical points of view. The purpose of this study is to provide basic information on the design and production of the modern Korean rocking chair. In the 20th century, the production of the Western rocking chair displayed principles of both functionalism and optimism. These rocking chairs are constructed of various industrial materials including reinforced plastics, moulded plywood, aluminium, and steel as well as wood. Furthermore, a rocking chair suitable to the human body is made by industrial growth and innovative fabrication techniques such as designer's plastic from military in the First and Second World Wars. In those days, there are many different types of rocker style - traditional, plastics, structural, moulded plywood & bending, metal tubular, and wire mesh. More specifically, through economic prosperity and plastic development, the rocking chair is able to have light and bright colors, which shows sensible formality of the modern and structure.

• Archives of design research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.87-100
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• 2000

This thesis concentrates on modern design with understanding the ooncept of design thinking. Functionalism and exactness in design result from the project that modern design attempted to change everyday life with mechanical design language. There is thought to be convenient and profitable, to link a function and a need, to make something with building-up process, and to give judgement something by dualism in the other side. That thoughts were produced by not only transition of production system from by hand to by machine but also atmosphere of society that enables one to know himself as a member of modern age.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.138-150
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• 2020

This study links the concept and implications of the anthropocene to the humanistic functionalism of Scandinavian design. Since the Industrial Revolution, the direction of modern design has been centered on the standardization of mechanical products and functionalism aimed at standardization. This is based on the human-centered dual idea of human and nature. But Scandinavian countries have developed humanistic functionalist designs, with exceptions emphasizing human organic relationships to nature instead of dual thinking. This is believed to be in line with the anthropocene discourse, which envisions the emergence of a new level of humanity and the regeneration of the natural environment under the banner of equality for all species on Earth. In this paper, the discussion was embodied in a way that combines the wide range of anthropocene discourses with the major issues of posthuman and postnature, which are the latest human and natural views. And we have selected and analyzed examples of modern Scandinavian designs focused on the circulatory potential of materials, and have sought the direction of trends suitable for the anthropocene era.