• 한국의류학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.140-159
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• 1994

Heraldry, which originated from the culture of knights in the 12th century, came to be drawn on shields, and was inherited as a symbol of the family at the end of the 12th century and developed rapidly through the 13th and 14th century. Afterwards heraldry was in great vogue and used in the shields, clothes of men and women, armors, housings and flags. Therefore the citizen class as well as nobles and knights came to possess heraldry. In particular parti-color and impaled coat were accepted in the clothes, and served the dual purpose of status symbol and ornament in the 13th century. It can be said that the appearance of heraldry on the clothes was typical of the Middle Ages. The origin, generally accepted, was that the crusaders wore the surcots, also known as the cyclases, on the armors to prevent the powerful sun of Syria and dust of deserts, and to prevent the armors from rusting due to moisture. As the surcot was made of white linen or white silk till the beginning of the 13th century, knight's heraldry came to be put on the surcot in order to identify each corps. According as the coat of mail covering all the body was devised, the same heraldry attached on the shield seemed to appear on the clothes of surcot or jupon(afterwards pourpoint) in order to identify the status in the battlefield and tournament. Heraldry, a system of mark in the 12th century, was used as a symbol of authority of the upper class such as the Royal House, nobles and knights, and may have been mysterious instruments in the Milddle Ages. However, in the modern times of the 20th century heraldry has come to be a kind of symbol marks such as badges and banners symbolizing the hallmark of the goods of enterprises, organizations and groups. Heraldry, existing up to now, of the individuals as well as international organizations can be seen as a result of deep-rooted tradition for esthetic appreciation and symbolism for heraldry.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.65-78
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• 2017

Even though cars have a good effect on modern society, traffic accidents do not. There are traffic laws that define the regulations and aim to reduce accidents from happening; nevertheless, it is hard to determine all accident causes such as road and traffic conditions, and human related factors. If a traffic accident occurs, the traffic law classifies it as 'Negligence of Safe Driving' for cases that are not defined by specific regulations. Meanwhile, as Korea is already growing rapidly elderly population with more than 65 years, so are the number of traffic accidents caused by this group. Therefore, we studied predictive and comparative analysis of the number of traffic accidents caused by 'Negligence of Safe Driving' by dividing it into two groups : All-ages and Elderly. In this paper, we used empirical monthly data from 2007 to 2015 collected by TAAS (Traffic Accident Analysis System), identified the most suitable ARIMA forecasting model by using the four steps of the Box-Jenkins method : Identification, Estimation, Diagnostics, Forecasting. The results of this study indicate that ARIMA $(1, 1, 0)(0, 1, 1)_{12}$ is the most suitable forecasting model in the group of All-ages; and ARIMA $(0, 1, 1)(0, 1, 1)_{12}$ is the most suitable in the group of Elderly. Then, with this fitted model, we forecasted the number of traffic accidents for 2 years of both groups. There is no large fluctuation in the group of All-ages, but the group of Elderly shows a gradual increase trend. Finally, we compared two groups in terms of the forecast, suggested a countermeasure plan to reduce traffic accidents for both groups.

• 복식
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.23-36
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• 2004

The knitting, which has developed from the onset of human civilization, has a close relation to dwelling as well as to clothing itself. Its progress has taken shape in a variety of forms according to nature-friendly tools and its knit texture in the past is different from that of modern times. With this basic idea, the work aims at the further study of various knitting structure which triggered the origin of modern techniques, the establishment of those methods, and the finding of what means was utilized earlier based on these. By doing that, this study will provide the foundation in the Korean historical timeframe in knitting field and give definition to knit wear in a historical sense. As to definition, the outcome in the research boils down to two categories. broad meaning and narrow meaning. The former can be the hook-formed textile, referring to making, twisting, or binding the knots. On the other hands, the latter, that is, narrow type, can be the loop-linked fabric which can be defined as modern knitting. The knitting dates back to the ancient way of binding structure, combining structure in other words, and braiding structure and this kept dividing into subgroups like Netting. Nalbinding, Sprang and Crochet as the usage of hands and tools by mankind has got improved. And it changed into knitting and crochet which means a bamboo needle-hook knitting (larger needle type) and a crochet-hook knitting (smaller needle type), respectively through middle ages and modern times and settled down to the production of fabric. In this work, Netting, Nalbinding, Sprang and Crochet are classified as ancient category in which these originate the modern knitting method. Though the modern type of knitting is not found in the Joseon Dynasty, some various methods from the ancient twisting skill and binding skill where the materials with easy access to acquisition in the nature such as rattan, straw, horsehair, hemp, rush, cotton, silk and the like to Netting, Nalbinding and Sprang except Crochet were handed down and used in costume for diverse application. This work can provide the basic frame in terms of Korean history of knitting which has been excluded in the relevant researches until now. When applying the study, it would trigger the initiation of more versatile design with which the previous unique techniques along with modern techniques can be adopted in the clothing market as knit designs gain in public favor more and more.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.13-27
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• 2006

This study was performed to formulate the most recent traits of physical growth of youth, and to identify the need of youth for health promotion planning in modern Korea. Study participants were 171 boys and 400 girls in two senior high schools in Seoul, Korea. Health records were collected from the individual students in May 2005. Longitudinal data on stature and body weight from 6 to 16 years old were analysed. Significance tests on some measures were performed by t-test and ANOVA. Major conclusions were as follows: 1. Girls were taller than boys during the specific time of adolescence. However, this phenomenon was not found in the growth process investigated by peak age and in over-all mean growth process of body weight. 2. Peak age came later in boys than in girls in both stature and body weight. This meant that boys matured later in stature and body weight than girls. However, boys were larger in peak velocity than girls. 3. Peak ages distributed more widely in girls than in boys both for stature and body weight. 4. Even in such short growth process from 6 through 16 years old, growth spurt tended to appear in several times. 5. Growth spurt tended to appear more often in boys than in girls.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.113-125
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• 1993

I focused my attentation on two points in this paper. Firstly, I explore the relationships between the competition system and the philosophical bases in economic and social doctrines which encouraged, the architectural profession which it supported. Secondly, I intend to describe the development of the modern competition system. The economic theories were applied to architecture; these were natural laws and laissez-faire. The principles of competition and progress were never doubted. Two developments aided architects in attaining both a sense of professional identity and a way of regulating the comprtition system; these were the founding of professional societies and the emergence of a professional architectural press. The first organized effort to control the competition system was made in 1839 by the Competition Committee of the Institute of British Architects, but the problems had remained virtually unchanged by the 1880s. A code of regulations was drawn up by the RIBA in 1872, but this were much like earlier codes and recommendations. From the 1890s, the RIBA established a permanent committee to review the conditions of all competitions and authorize members to participate; the measure was paralleled in various other countries, notably in the 1911 international regulations of the CIAM.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2004

1"his Study is to make research a Image and Symbol in the Gothic Architecture. Firstly, the concept of the symbol and the image effect are essentially based on the meaning that the activity of consciousness take on the constitution of the symbol. Therefore the image represent the deepest content of human nature has been imagination and reality. Secondly, the symbol concept showed in Gothic Architecture was associated with the passion of the order of middle ages. The world, the cosmos and the history had been revealed in Gothic architecture. In Gothic Image, Emile Male maintained the symbol of the Catholic Church as above mentioned. The Catholic Church was mirror of the natural, the institution, the moral and history, then this passion of the order was a christian order. Especially, E. Panofsky said that the scholastic method was shown in Gothic architecture. He assert that it was especially dialectic method used in theology. That is, he explained the transfiguration of Gothic Architecture with the process of thesis, anti-thesis, synthesis. These symbolize light, magnitude, clearness. Finally, symbolic image is important in Post-Modem architecture at present. Post-Modern architecture is associated with the public and the Pluralism. Post-Modern architecture attempt to communicate as symbolic language among the assumption for diverse aspect of culture.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제59권6호
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• pp.1131-1135
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• 2010

The development of modern civilization result from the abundance of material. Yet modern people live with chronic mild stress. Excessive chronic mild stress leads to various diseases. From the risk of the disease in order to protect our bodies need to manage chronic mild stress. The purpose of this study is to inspection the effectiveness of detecting in chronic mild stress using the Multi-sensor system. The Multi-sensor system is designed that can be measure three kinds of vital signals of chronic mild stress for the detection. First Photoplethysmogram(PPG), second Electro Dermal Activity(EDA), third Skin Temperature(SKT). The ages and occupations exposed to chronic mild stress, people often use out of this system was applied to dairy products(Pen). In addition, vital signals that occur when the variety of noise was used to remove the accelerometer. Chronic mild stress by the analysis of measured vital signals from Multi-sensor system to the measurement information to a PC to a wireless transmission(Bluetooth). In this study, using Multi-sensor system writing conditions and a variety of situations in the movement to measure vital signals and measurement results verified the accuracy and reliability. Through this measure chronic mild stress in everyday life and managing to maintain will help more healthy lifestyle.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.865-879
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• 1997

Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles Vol. 21, Nt. 5 (1997) p. 865∼879 The purpose of the study is to identify a historical change about the women's underwear and trousers this nation of ours until an ancient times to modern ages. Because the record of the women's trousers exist scarcely anything, the study refers to several documents, for example, the literatures of the Chinese and the Chosun Dynasty, the Koryu's fresco, the Tou of Shinra, the painting of the rock face, the archaeological dresses and genre pictures, and The folkways methods through the residents is used to collect and to arrange of an enlightened age and modern times. Originally, the women's trousers appeared for the nomadism and the hunting in the northern distric and the northeastern provinces. Male and female, old and young wear the trousers which are the clothes native to Korea. The trousers which are originally narrow trousers are influnced by Chinese wide trousers. The trousers at the time of Samsuk hand down until Korea. The Skirt on the trousers is nothing but a courtesy. But gradually, it is distinguished only the trousers, and then, there are exchanged an underwear which not only the protection angainst the cold but also the beautiful. Therefore, the form of skirt is diminished, and the underwear is simplified as the increasing status and the activity of woman in the age of civilization. In a way, the reform trousers and Three-kingdom era trousers appeared and the Dansogok and Sogok disappeared at present. There are confirmed in my investigation of folk customs.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.185-196
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• 2016

This study is about watching the changes in Modern and Contemporary ages, through Traditional Ottchil Painting analyzed the formative characteristics presented on 23 pieces of Najeon Master Bong-Ryong Kim. He restored and reproduced the Ottchil Painting Technique by making Najeon ware (lacquer ware inlaid with the mother-of-pearl) on the Korean Modern and Contemporary period. The formative characteristics of his Ottchil Painting Technique are as follows. He used a lot of the Myochilchaehoi Technique as the technique of expression, along with the Najeon Yanggam Technique mixed with Myochilchaehoi Technique. The frame material of Ottchil Painting Ware is handcrafted wood. And in the painting foundation, red is presented more than black. The colors of painting and the pattern drawn on the foundation of Ottchil painting are mainly bright red, blue, yellow, black, and white (five-color). The main pattern used is the dragon, and the subordinate patterns are clouds and Arabesque. Also, the main pattern is solo, and the subordinate pattern is mostly an arrangement combination of radiation symmetry. This style of art was most commonly used for painting fruit trays. As stated above, Bong-Ryong Kim presented various and masterful aesthetic quality based on sincere and exquisite Najeon ware production skills.

• 복식
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• 제61권8호
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• pp.100-113
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• 2011

The earlier notion of feminism regarding gender equality was changed into that of Postfeminism because of gender differences. The idea of Postfeminism has been present since the 1980s but has been influenced by modern culture theories such as Postmodernism, Poststructuralism, Theory of Power and Discourse and Psychoanalysis. Various features of Postfeminism are found in the medieval warrior images of contemporary fashion. Warrior costumes were men's exclusive property in the medieval ages, but as it is introduced as women's wear in the 21st century, it shows us new fashion images which are constructed by gender deconstruction, differences and pastiche. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to examine a key characteristic of Postfeminism fashion. An article described the historical costumes of medieval warriors and refocused on the development processes of feminism and then conducted an analysis on formative characteristics and Postfeminism tendencies in contemporary women's wear from 2000 to 2011. The results were that materials such as metallic and flexible materials, monotonic and red colors and detailed patterns of armor were used to display forms of exaggeration and restraint. These elements fully and correctly expressed the image of a medieval warrior woman in contemporary fashion. Postfeminism fashion is constructed with feminine power, gendered identity, sensual elegance and a postmodern body. Postfeminism is the contemporary cultural icon and is continuously influencing modern fashion design in the 21st century in a positive and powerful way.