• Journal of National Security and Military Science
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• s.5
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• pp.241-280
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• 2007

This study examines the relationship of the industry-specific factors that effect innovation of manufacturing technology and the market share within the defense industry. Since the establishment of the basic defense industry framework in 1973, there were numerous interactions of the industry-specific factors of the defense industry structure with the technological innovation and market organization of the defense industry. During last three decades, the domestic defense industry has achieved the considerable level but the framework of the basic system has not developed much in areas of the military science and the defense manufacturing technology. Industry-specific factors were formed in the process and appeared in a variety of behavioral characteristics as subsystems. Currently, there IS a growing trend where the management of defense industry is gradually deteriorating due to limitation of the domestic industry-specific factor (e.g. defense technologies, amount of demand, etc.). If there is a prominent imbalance of the industry-specific factors. it can trigger the potential problem of conflict, lack of cooperation and control, slowing the growth of the manufacturing technology thereby diminishing the market and deteriorating the defense supply/demand relationship. In a research conducted by Joe S. Bain, Bain analyzed the relationship of the traditional industrial organization where industry-specific factor(S) not only impacts the conductor(C). And, conductor(C) influences the shaping of the performance(P) of relationship of the traditional industrial organization. Consequently, the researcher has identified the demand monopoly, barriers to entry, and market competition with comparison of defense industry issues. These defense issues were three industry-specific factors identified, which are 1) The demand monopoly and The entry barriers to new market competition, 2) the industrial technical factor to a production technical competitiveness and a market sharing competitiveness, 3) the probability factor to revolution for military affairs(RMA) and a R&D production. According to baseline with these factors, the following research model is established from the special companies group(Group A), the systematization companies group(Group B), and the general companies group(Group 0. The hypothesis is that if there are more industry-specific factors, then there will be more relationships of defense industry relation statutes. This research is an empirical study on the relationship that the industry specific factors effects the innovation of manufacturing technology and the shaping of the market in the defense industry. Moreover, the existing models to evaluate the industry specific factors of the defense industry IS much to be desired with the controlled statistical analysis of the result. It is vital to study on current situation with suggesting alternative strategy to the efficient strategy. The descriptive analysis approach analysis is conducted with SPSSWIN to conduct reliability test, factor analysis, correlation analysis, cross-tabulation analysis, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. However, there were some limitations of the survey such as the rigidity of concept about the technical factors and various market management factors. The wishes is that the decision-maker could be utilized these defence industrial factors to formulate efficient defence policy and strategy in the future.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.40-45
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• 2018

Recently, in construction equipment machinery production, development has focused on environmentally-friendly functions to improve existing production capacity. For excavators as well, emphasis has been placed on response to environmental regulations, miniaturization, and noise reduction, while technology is being developed considering cost reduction and safety.Accordingly, the front support, an inner reinforcement part of the excavator, as well as high-strength steel plates to improve safety and reduce weight, are being applied.However, in the case of high-strength materials, Springback occurs in the final formed part due to high residual stress during product forming. Derivation of a forming or product shaping process to reduce springback is needed. Accordingly, regarding the front support, an inner reinforcement part of the excavator, this study derived a method to improve springback and secure shape stiffness through analysis of the springback occurrence rate and springback causes through a forming analysis.As for the results of analyzing the springback occurrence rate of existing products through forming analysis, springback of -22.6 mm < z < 27.35 mm occurred on the z-axis, and it was confirmed that springback occurred due to the stiffness reinforcing bead of the upper and middle parts of the product.To control product residual stress and springback, we confirmed a tendency of springback reduction through local pre-cutting and stiffness reinforcement bead relocation.In the local pre-cutting model, springback was slightly reduced by 5.3% compared with the existing model, an insignificant reduction effect. In the stiffness reinforcement bead relocation model, when an X-shaped stiffness reinforcement bead was added to each corner portion of the product, springback was reduced by at least 80%.The X-shaped bead addition model was selected as the springback reduction model, and the level of stiffness compared to the existing model was confirmed through a structural analysis.The X-shaped bead additional model showed a stress springback of 90% and springback reduction of 7.4% compared with the existing model, indicating that springback and stiffness will be reinforced.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.32-48
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• 2023

Autonomous driving technology is shaping the future of personalized travel, encouraging personalized travel, and traffic impact could be influenced by individualized travel behavior during the transition of driving entity from human to machine. In order to evaluate traffic impact, it is necessary to estimate the total number of trips based on an understanding of individual travel characteristics. The Activity-based model(ABM), which allows for the reflection of individual travel characteristics, deals with all travel sequences of an individual. Understanding the relationship between travel and travel must be important for assessing traffic impact using ABM. However, the ABM has a limitation in the data hunger model. It is difficult to adjust in the actual demand forecasting. Therefore, we utilized a Tour-based model that can explain the relationship between travels based on household travel survey data instead. After that, vehicle registration and population data were used for correction. The result showed that, compared to the KTDB one, the traffic generation exhibited a 13% increase in total trips and approximately 9% reduction in working trips, valid within an acceptable margin of error. As a result, it can be used as a generation correction method based on Tour, which can reflect individual travel characteristics, prior to building an activity-based model to predict demand due to the introduction of autonomous vehicles in terms of road operation, which is the ultimate goal of this study.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 1983

Pizza's synthetic model, a modified Wiener filter method, was tested to establish the procedure of desirable interpretive wavelet extraction and its application to the marine seismic exploration using several approaches with a real offshore seismic data of the southeast Asia. Noise spectrum acquisition is difficult and any assumptions for it do not produce interpretive wavelets as good as synthetic model result by Piazza (1979). however the resolution could be improved with spiking deconvoultion and following zero phase bandpass filter, and the testing procedure and evaluatttion of results can hopefully contribute in future study and practical evaluation of Piazza's method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.22 no.2 s.80
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• pp.59-66
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• 2007

As the need of handling heavy materials increases, various cranes are used in industries. However, the effectiveness of crane also entails industrial accidents such as falling, constriction etc. In fact, the number of fatal accidents caused by crane is still high in Korea. To find out the causes of the accidents in terms of human error, we developed a man-machine system model that consists of two axes; human information processing and crane life cycle. In the human information processing dimension, we simplified it as five functions; sensing and perception, decision making and memory, response etc. In the crane life cycle dimension, we divided it into nine phases; design, production, operation etc. For the 152 fatal accident records during 1999-2006 years, we classified them into 45 cells made by two axes. Then we identified the preceding causes of the classified crane accident based on performance shaping factors. As the results of statistical analysis, the overall trend of crane fatal accidents was described. For the cause analysis, wrong decision making in work plan phase shows the highest frequency. Next, the poor information input in crane operation followed in accident frequency. In ergonomics view, the problems of interface design in displays and controls made 11.8% of fatal accidents. Following the analysis, several ergonomic design guidelines to prevent crane accidents were suggested.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.51-62
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• 1997

The objective of this study was to review the meaning and problems of Scientific Knowledge and Ethical Value in Environmental Education. The ultimate goal of environmental education is shaping proenvironmental human behavior. The factors of human behavioral decision making are ideology, value, attitude and behavioral intentions. Ideology is a kind of belief system used by social groups to interpret their social world. The main elements of belief system are knowledge and value. The traditional thinking in education has been that we can change behavior by making human beings more knowledgeable and more valuable. In environmental education, the aim of scientific inquiry is to analysis cause-effect relation of human beings behavior and environmental phenomenon, and ethical education is to change the mind of human beings from zero-sum to positive-sum about the relations between human beings and natural environments. But, there are many problems of knowledge education and value education in environmental education. For example scientific knowledge without ethical value is dangerous to environment protection, and ethical value without scientific knowledge is vague. Therefore, we must recognize that the relationship of ethical value and scientific knowledge is not substitutional but complementary. The teaching-learning methods which can integrate knowledge and value in environmental education are rational decision making model. For this model, we can construct teaching contents with inquiry materials. To earn the benefits of specialization among several subjects in environmental education, social studies can focus on social science knowledge and decision making, science education can focus on pure natural science knowledge and scientific investigation, moral education can focus on problems of ethical value system, home economics can focus on practical action and environmental education(Environments in middle school, Ecology and Environments in high school) can integrate social-national science knowledge and ethical value in broad perspective about human beings and ecosystem. That is the method to protect from law of diminishing marginal utility of learning in environmental education.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.430-438
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• 1999

We have utilized soft-aperturing by gain media to develop a high-power tunable Ti:Sapphire laser with sub-40-fs and broad tuning range. The tunable spectral range was only limited by the bandwidth of mirrors. We made use of knife-edge slits near an intra-cavity prism controlled by micro-stepping-motors to tune the center wavelength continuously. The tunability of the center wavelength was ranged from 770 nm to 870 nm, and the measured pulsewidth was sub-40 fs throughout the above spectral range. The shortest pulsewidth was about 17 fs at the center wavelength of 820 nm and the spectral bandwidth was 72 nm. At 5 W pumping power of the Ar-ion laser we obtained average output power of 440 mW~580 mW. For the cw and Kerr-lens mode-lodking conditions, we have evaluated the value of an amplitude modulation to be ${\gamma}=2.5{\times}10^{-8}/W$ from the calculated waists of a Gaussian beam on the Ti:sapphire crystal surface. Using this result we demonstrate that the generation of sub-40-fs Kerr-lens mode-locked pulse can be described by the Ginzberg-Landau model which is a weak pulse shaping model.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8327-8333
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• 2016

Background: The recent epidemiologic transition in Thailand, with decreasing incidence of infectious diseases along with increasing rates of chronic conditions, including cancer, is a serious problem for the country. Breast cancer has the highest incidence rates among females throughout Thailand. Lampang is a province in the upper part of Northern Thailand. A study was needed to identify the current burden, and the future trends of breast cancer in upper Northern Thai women. Materials and Methods: Here we used cancer incidence data from the Lampang Cancer Registry to characterize and analyze the local incidence of breast cancer. Joinpoint analysis, age period cohort model and Nordpred package were used to investigate the incidences of breast cancer in the province from 1993 to 2012 and to project future trends from 2013 to 2030. Results: Age-standardized incidence rates (world) of breast cancer in the upper parts of Northern Thailand increased from 16.7 to 26.3 cases per 100,000 female population which is equivalent to an annual percentage change of 2.0-2.8%, according to the method used. Linear drift effects played a role in shaping the increase of incidence. The three projection method suggested that incidence rates would continue to increase in the future with incidence for women aged 50 and above, increasing at a higher rate than for women below the age of 50. Conclusions: The current early detection measures increase detection rates of early disease. Preparation of a budget for treatment facilities and human resources, both in surgical and medical oncology, is essential.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.739-749
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• 2013

The seasonal and spatial diversity of picocyanobacteria (Pcy) in lakes of the Great Mazurian Lakes (GLM) system was examined by DGGE analysis of molecular markers derived from the 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the ribosomal operon and the phycocyanin operon (cpcBA-IGS). The study of nine lakes, ranging from mesotrophy to hypereutrophy, demonstrated seasonal variance of Pcy. The richness and Shannon diversity index calculated on the basis of both markers were higher in spring and lower in early and late summer. No statistically significant relationships were found between the markers and trophic status of the studied lakes or Pcy abundance. There were, however, statistically significant relationships between the diversity indices and sampling time. The analysis pointed to a different distribution of the two markers. The ITS marker exhibited more unique sequences in time and space, whereas a greater role for common and ubiquitous sequences was indicated by the cpcBA-IGS data. Examination of the Pcy community structure demonstrated that communities were grouped in highly similar clusters according to sampling season/time rather than to the trophic status of the lake. Our results suggest that time is more important than trophic status in shaping the diversity and structure of Pcy communities. The seasonal changes in picocyanobacteria and differences in diversity and community structures are discussed in the context of well-established ecological hypotheses: the PEG model, intermediate disturbance hypothesis (IDH), and horizontal gene transfer (HGT).

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.31-44
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• 2020

Purpose: The baby boomers and the millennials, who make up the largest share of the market, are showing the gap in their differentiated cultural styles. The purpose of this study is to study the consumption propensity and purchasing determinants of the baby boomers generation and the millennials generation, which have become a very important key pillar in shaping the market based on the cultural dimension model theory of h(=>H)opstead, and to identify the difference Research design, data, and methodology: In order to verify the research hypotheses, The data was collected from the baby boomers and the millennials using online questionnaires. The pre-test was conducted from October 10 to 12, 2019, and the main survey was conducted from October 15 to 25. A total of 230 copies were recalled, and the final 219 copies were used for the final analysis. Results: The consumption propensity between the baby boomers and the millennials differed in resource saving purchase propensity and impulse buying propensity. The baby boomers showed higher resource saving purchase propensity than the millennials, while the millennials showed higher impulse buying propensity. There was a difference in the determinants to purchasing only in the evaluation factor. Results of gender differences by generation, baby boomers differed in their planned purchase propensity, and women were higher. The millennials generation differed in resource saving purchase propensity and awareness propensity for others, all higher in men. In determinants to purchasing, the baby boomers did not differ in gender, and the millennials did differ in product factors. A canonical correlations analysis of the relationship between the baby boomers and the millennials showed a significant relationship between consumption propensity and determinants to purchasing. Also, the baby boomer generation has the biggest link between impulse buying propensity and evaluation factor. The millennials generation showed the biggest link between resource saving purchase and product factors. Conclusions: This study compared consumption propensity and determinants to purchasing of baby boomers and millennials on the basis of Hopstead's cultural dimension model theory to identify differences between generations, presenting practical and theoretical implications for establishing a correct understanding and specific marketing strategy among generation.