• 제목/요약/키워드: Mode B

검색결과 2,440건 처리시간 0.031초

개의 실험적 수신증에 실시한 신동맥 색전술 (Transarterial embolization of renal artery in dogs with experimental hydronephrosis)

  • 장동우
    • 대한수의학회지
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    • 제41권3호
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    • pp.437-445
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    • 2001
  • 개에서 실험적으로 편측성 신수종증을 유발한 후, 이오헥솔-에탄올 용액을 신장동맥내로 주입하여 신수종증이 유발된 신장으로의 혈류를 차단하는 신동맥 색전술을 확립하고자 본 실험을 실시하였다. 실험적 수신증은 12두의 개의 편측 근위 요관을 이중결찰하여 유발하였다. 편측의 수뇨관을 결찰한 후, 초음파상으로 동측 신장의 장축길이가 유발전에 비하여 9일째(p<0.05)와, 17일째(p<0.005)에 유의적으로 증가하였으며, 동측 신장의 피질길이가 17일째에 유의적으로 감소하며, 아울러 확장된 신우내에 액체가 저류하는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. BUN, creatinine, ALT, calcium, phosphorus는 변화하지 않았다. 이를 통하여 12두의 개에서 요관 결찰 17일째에 편측성 수신증이 유발되었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 신장동맥 색전술은 7두의 신수종증이 유발된 신장측의 신장동맥에 대퇴동맥을 통하여 선택적으로 카테터를 삽입한 후 이오헥솔-에탄올 용액을 주입하였으며, 시술 중 심전도, 산소포화도, 체온, 맥박, 호흡수는 모두 정상범위에 있었다. 주입한 평균 에탄올 용량은 $1.94{\pm}1.24ml/kg$였다. 신장동맥 색전술 후 사망한 개체는 없었으며, 색전물질의 유출로 인한 부작용도 관찰할 수 없었다. 색전술 직후 그리고 14일째에 실시한 선택적 동맥촬영술을 통하여 색전술을 시행한 7두의 개의 신장동맥에서 재맥관화가 발생하지 않았음을 확인할 수 있었다. 초음파 검사를 통하여 신장동맥 색전술을 시행한 7두의 개의 색전된 신장은 평균 장축길이가 반대편 정상 신장에 비하여 2달째와 3달째에 유의적으로 감소하였음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이오헥솔-에탄올 용액을 이용하여 실시한 신장동맥색전술은 개의 수신증을 치료하는 안전하며, 비교적 비침습적인 치료법으로 기존의 신장절제술의 대안이 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

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실새삼의 광합성색소 생합성특성에 관한 연구 (Study on the Biosynthetic Characteristics of Photosynthetic Pigments in Dodder(Cuscuta australis R. Br.) Plant)

  • 김진석;곽현희;김병철;조광연
    • 한국잡초학회지
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    • 제17권3호
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    • pp.314-324
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    • 1997
  • 우리나라에서 자생하고 있는 실새삼에는 광합성색소 생합성과정이 존재하는지, 있다면 다른 식물에 비하여 어떠한 특징을 가지고 있는지를 알아보고 광합성색소 대사과정에 작용점을 가지는 제초제에 대하여 반응을 나타내는지를 확인하고자 실험하였다. 1. 야외의 자연광 조건에서 자라고 있는 실새삼 생육지의 엽록소함량은 메꽃 줄기와 비교하여 볼 때 9배가 낮았고, 메꽃 잎과 비교하여 볼 때는 약 50배 낮은 경향이었다. 2. 종자로부터 발아된 실새삼 유묘의 경우 선단부위가 색소함량이 가장 높았다. 생육지의 경우는 신장지(extension stem)에서 색소함량이 가장 높았고, 권지(twining stem), 선단 15cm 아래의 절간 순으로 엽록소와 카로티노이드 함량이 낮은 경향이었다. 그리고 생장이 계속됨에 따라 오래된 줄기에서의 엽록체 퇴화가 신속하게 일어나는 경향이었다. 3. 생육지의 색소함량은 광도에 따라 생체중 1g당 엽록소 함량이 20-170${\mu}g$까지, 카로티노이드 함량은 40-120${\mu}g$ 범위까지 변하는 경향이었다. 자연일장조건에서 채취하여 낮은 색소함량을 가진 줄기를 여러 광도에 24시간 둘 경우 91${\mu}Em^{-2}s^{-1}$PAR 내외의 광도까지는 초기색소함량의 3배까지 증가되었고, 광도가 456${\mu}Em^{-2}s^{-1}$PAR 이상에서는 엽록소 함량의 변화가 거의 없었다. 4, 5mM의 ALA를 외부에서 공급할 경우 메꽃의 근경으로부터 나온 신초에서는 Pchlide가 7배 이상 증가되었으나 실새삼 생육지 선단에서는 40% 정도만 증가되었다. 한편 ALA를 공급한 후 저광도에 둘 경우 미미한 엽록소 증가경향만 보여 상대적으로 실새삼은 ALA에 대해 매우 둔감한 특정을 보였다. 5. Paraquat, norflurazon, oxyfluorfen, diuron 등의 제초제를 처리할 경우 모든 처리에서 색소소실이 관찰되었다. 아울러 oxyfluorfen을 처리하면 일반식물에서와 같이 protoporphyrin IX의 축적도 얼어났다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 실새삼은 낮은 수준이지만 엽록소 및 카로티노이드 생합성과정이 정상적으로 작동되나 조직부위별로 그 수준이 다르고 주변환경의 영향 특히 광도에 따라 크게 조절되고 성장함에 따라 하부조직에서의 엽록체 퇴화가 빠른 특징을 보였다. 색소대사 과정에 작용점을 가지는 제초제들에 대하여 제초반응은 나타내지만 낮은 수준의 광합성색소 생합성 능력과 기주식물로부터의 영양분 탈취라는 특성을 고려하여 볼 때 탁월한 제초효과를 보여주지는 못할 것으로 생각되었다.

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섬유보강이 콘크리트의 역학적 특성과 철근콘크리트의 균열성상에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 (Studies on the Effect of Fiber Reinforcing upon Mechanical Properties of Concrete and Crack Mode of Reinforoed Concrete)

  • 박승범
    • 한국농공학회지
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    • 제20권2호
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    • pp.4645-4687
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    • 1978
  • This study was attempted to investigate the mechanical properties of concrete and crack control effects of reinforced concrete with steel and glass fiber. The experimental program includes tests on the properties of fresh concrete containing fibers, compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, Young's modulus, Shrinkage and deformation of steel or glass fiber reinforced concrete. Also this study was carried out to investigate the effect of steel or glass fiber to retard the development in reinforced concrete subject to uniaxial tension and thus facilitate the use of steels of higher strength. The major conclusions that can be drawn from the studies are as follows: 1. The effect of the fibers in various mixes on fresh concrete confirmed that fibers do have a significant effect on the properties of fresh concrete, bringing much more stable and exhibiting a signiflcant reduction in surface bleeding, and that the cohesion is greatly improved and the internal resistance increases with fiber concentration. But the addition of an excess contents and length of fibers brings about the reduction of workability. 2. With the addition of steel fibers(1.5% Vol.) to concrete, the compressive strength as compared with plain concrete showed a very slight increase, but excess addition, over 1.5% Vol. of steel and glass fiber reduced its strength. 3. Splitting tensile strength of fiber reinforced concrete showed a significant increase tendency, as compared with plain concrete. In case of containing steel fiber (2.5%, 30mm), it showed that the maximum increase rate of 1.48 times as much rate, and in case of containing glass fiber (2.5%, 30mm), the increase rate of strength was 1.25 times as much rate. 4. Flexural strength of fiber reinforced concrete showed a significant tendency, as compared with plain concrete. Containing steel fiber (2.5%, 30mm) showed the maximum increase rate of 1.64 times as much rate and containing glass fiber (2.5%, 30mm) showed the increase rate of strength of 1.32 times as much rate, and in general, the 30mm length brougth the best results. 5. The strength ratio ($\sigma$b/$\sigma$c and $\sigma$t/$\sigma$c) increased, when steel fiber's average spacing was up to 3.05mm, but decreased when beyond 3.05mm, and it was confirmed that tensile or flexural strengths of steel fiber reinforced concrete are apparently governed by fiber's average spacing. 6. The compressive strain of fiber reinforced concrete showed a significant increasing tendency as the fiber was added, but Young's modulus. with the addition of steel and glass fibers, showed a slight decrease tendency. And according to the increase of flexural strength, a considerable increase was seen in toughness. 7. With the addition of fiber's the shrinkage of concrete was significantly decreased, in both case of adding steel fibers 12.5%, 30mm, and showed a significant decrease ratio, in average 30.4% and 36.7%, as compared with plain concrete. 8. With the increase of fiber volume fraction and length, the gained stress in reinforcing bar in concrete specimens increased in all crack widths, but at different rates, with the decrease of fiber diameter, the stress showed a considerable increasing tendency. And the duoform steel fibers showed the greatest improvement, as compared with the other types tested. 9. The influence of fiber dimensions in order of significanse on the machanical properties of concrete and the crack control of reinforced concrete was explained as follows: content, length, aspect ratio and dimeter.

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Ag-25wt% Pd-15wt% Cu 3원합금(元合金) 및 Au 첨가합금(添加合金)의 시효경화특성(時效京華特性) (The Effect of Au Addition on the Hardening Mechanism in Ag-25wt% Pd-15wt% Cu)

  • 배봉진;이화식;이기대
    • 대한치과기공학회지
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.37-49
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    • 1998
  • 실용치과재료로 사용되고 있는 Ag-Pd-Cu 3 원계 합금의 시효석출과정을 Pd 및 Cu의 용질 농도의 조성비가 약 1.7인 합금과 이 합금에서 2wt%Au의 첨가합금에 미치는 영향을 조사 분석하여 아래와 같은 결론을 얻었다. Ag-25Pd-15Cu 3원 합금은 ${\alpha}$의 단일상에서 ${\alpha}_1$ (Cu-rich), ${\alpha}_2$(Ag-rich) 및 PdCu 규칙상에 의해서 경화반응이 진행되며 연속승온시효에 의하면 $100{\sim}300^{\circ}C$의 저항증가와 $300{\sim}500^{\circ}C$의 저항감소라고 하는 2단계 변화에 의해서 경화곡선이 얻어졌다. 또한 본 합금의 시효과정은 ${\alpha}{\to}{\alpha}+{\alpha}_2+PdCu{\to}{\alpha}_1+{\alpha}_2+PdCu$이고 2상분리 반응에 경화되며 최고경화는 ${\alpha}_1,\;{\alpha}_2$ 및 PdCu 규칙상의 혼합영역에서 나타났다. 이들 석출반응은 입계반응이고 반응의 진행과 함께 경도값은 상승하고 경화촉진에 기여하였다. 또한 Nodule은 미세한 lamella조직을 나타내고 이들 ${\alpha}_2$와 PdCu상과의 미세한 혼합상의형성이 시효경화에 기여하는 주된 원인이 되었다. 과시효는 lamella의 조대화와 PdCu상의 ${\alpha}2$상으로의 용해에 따른 정량적 감소에 대응하였다. 석출상은 thin lamella구조의 잘 방위된 미세한 판상석출물로서 이들 미세 판상석출물은 AuCu($L1_0$)type의 face-centered tetragonal(fct)의 초격자구조였다. 규칙화된 미세한 판상석출물은 stair-step mode로서 twinning에 의해 형성되며 이것은 시효에 의해 $L1_0$ type의 PdCu 규칙상과 같은 초격자 형성시 정방비틀림 때문이라고 생각된다. 이들 twinning lamella는 귀금속원소에 의해 형성된 $L1_0$ type의 PdCu 규칙상과 같기 때문에 이들 합금의 부식저항에도 기여하였다. Ag-25Pd-15Cu합금은 전반적으로 양호한 내식성을 나타내며 Pd.Cu=1인 합금에서보다도 Pd함량이 높은 Pd/Cu=1.7에서 내식성이 보다 우수한 것은 Pd 함량이 내식성에 기여하였고 2%Au의 첨가에 의해서 부식성을 개선할 수 있었다.

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기업특성과 호스트국가 환경이 해외시장 관여도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 (Influences of Firm Characteristics and the Host Country Environment on the Degree of Foreign Market Involvement)

  • Maktoba, Omar;Nwankwo, Sonny
    • 마케팅과학연구
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.5-16
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    • 2009
  • Against the backdrop of the increasing trend towards economic globalisation, many international firms are indicating that decisions on how to enter foreign markets remains one of the key strategic challenges confronting them. Despite the rich body of literature on the topic, the fact that these challenges have continued to dominate global marketing strategy discourses point to someevident lacunae. Accordingly, this paper considers the variables, categorised in terms of firm contexts (standardisation, market research, competition, structure, competitive advantage) and host country-contexts (economic development, cultural differences, regulation and political risk), which influence the degree of involvement of UK companies in overseas markets. Following hypotheses were drawn from literature review: H1: The greater the level of competition, the higher the degree of involvement in the overseas market. H2: The more centralised the firm's organisation structure, the higher the degree of involvement in the overseas market. H3a: The adoption of a low cost-approach to competitive advantage will lead to a higher degree of involvement. H3b: The adoption of an innovation-approach to competitive advantage will lead to a higher degree of involvement. H3c: The adoption of a market research approach to competitive advantages will lead to a higher degree of involvement. H3d: The adoption of a breadth of strategic target-approach to competitive advantage will lead to a lower degree of involvement. H4: The higher the degree of standardisation of the international marketing mix the higher the degree of involvement. H5: The greater the degree of economic development in the host market, the higher the degree of involvement. H6: The greater the cultural differences between home and host countries, the lower the degree of involvement. H7: The greater the difference in regulations between the home country and the host country, the lower the degree of involvement. H8: The higher the political risk in the host country, the lower the degree of involvement. A questionnaire instrument was constructed using, wherever possible, validated measures of the concepts to serve the aims of this study. Following two sets of mailings, 112 usable completed questionnaires were returned. Correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze data. Statistically, the paper suggests that factors relating to the level of competition, competitive advantages and economic development are strong in influencing foreign market involvements. On the other hand, unexpectedly, cultural factors (especially individualism/collectivism and low and high power distance dimensions) proved to have weak moderating effects. The reason for this, in part, is due to the pervading forces of globalisation and the attendant effect on global marketing. This paper has contributed to the general literature in a way that point to two mainimplications. First, with respect to research on national systems, the study may hold out some important lessons especially for developing nations. Most of these nations are known to be actively seeking to understand what it takes to attract foreign direct investment, expand domestic market and move their economies from the margin to the mainstream global economy. Second, it should be realised that competitive conditions remain in constant flux (even in mature industries and mature economies). This implies that a range of home country factors may be as important as host country factors in explaining firms' strategic moves and the degree of foreign market involvement. Further research can consider the impact of the home country environment on foreign market involvement decisions. Such an investigation will potentially provide further perspectives not only on the influence of national origin but also how home country effects are confounded with industry effects.

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파동형 Nd:YAG 레이저조사가 인체 치은조직에 미치는 영향 (Effect of a Pulsed Nd:YAG laser irradiation on human gingival tissues)

  • 강경동;김천석;김형수;김현섭;김병옥;한경윤
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • 제26권4호
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    • pp.989-1002
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    • 1996
  • The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser irradiation on human gingival tissues. The patients, who were planned to be treated by clinical crown lengthening procedure and gingivectomy, were selected. All the patients received oral hygiene instruction, scaling and root planing at preoperation. The crest of gingival tissue on upper and lower anterior teeth was irradiated by a pulsed Nd:YAG laser(El. EN. EN060, Italy) with a fiber optic of 300 m in contact mode for 20 seconds. Gingival tissues were divided into 4 groups according to the laser power of 1.0W(10Hz, 100mJ), 2.0W(20Hz, 100mJ), 3.0W(30Hz, 100mJ) and 4.0W(40Hz, 100mJ). Immediately after the laser irradiation, the specimens were excised, fixed 10% neutral formalin, sectioned $4-6{\mu}m$ thick, stained by Hematoxylin-Eosin and Periodic Acid Schiff stain and observed under light microscope. The removed tissue depth and the coagulated layer depth due to a laser irradiation by a laser irradiation were measured on the microphotographs. The difference of measurements according to the different laser power was statistical1y analyzed by Kruskal Wallis Test with SAS program. The results were as follows : 1. In histologic findings of irradiated gingival tissues; a. In the irradiated gingival specimen with 1.0W laser power, some vesicles were observed in limited superficial layer of gingival epithelium. b. In the irradiated gingival specimen with 2.0W and 3.0W laser power, the epithelium was almost removed except for the traces of viable basal cell remnants at ret peg, and coagulation necrosis related with the thermal effect of laser was noted. c. In the irradiated gingival specimen with 4.0W laser power, complete removal of epithelium, partial removal of underlying connective tissue, and the coagulation necrosis of subjacent gingival tissue were shown. 2. The removed tissue depth was deeper in the irradiated specimens with higher power. There was a statistical significance in the difference of removed tissue depth between 1.0W group ($44.54{\pm}6.99um$) and 3.0W group ($99.75{\pm}6.64{\mu}m$), and between 1.0W group($44.54{\pm}6.99{\mu}m$) and 4.0W group($111.36{\pm}4.50{\mu}m$), and between 2.0W group($98.01{\pm}4.53{\mu}m$) and 4.0W group($111.36{\pm}4.50{\mu}m$)(P<0.05). 3. The coagulated layer depth was deeper in the irradiated specimens with higher power. There was a statistical significance in the difference of coagulated layer depth between 1.0W group($31.82{\pm}8.99{\mu}m$) and 3.0W group($55.99{\pm}20.94{\mu}m$), and between 1.0W group($31.82{\pm}8.99{\mu}m$) and 4.0W group($83.68{\pm}10.34{\mu}m$)(P<0.05). From this study, the results demonstrated that the effects of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser irradiation on gingival tissues seemed to depend on the laser power and that the irradiation with high power could be harmful to adjacent healthy tissue.

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우리나라 대표토양(代表土壤)의 반응(反應)(pH) 에 관(關)한 조사연구(調査硏究) (Survey on the pH of Soils in Korea)

  • 황경선
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제6권3호
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    • pp.153-158
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    • 1973
  • 우리나라 토양(土壤)의 반응(反應)(pH)에 대(對)하여 최근(最近) 설정(設定)된 160개(個) 토양통(土壤統)을 중심(中心)으로 토지이용(土地利用) 현황별(現況別) 퇴적양식별(堆積樣試別) pH와 pH 측정조건간(測定條件間)의 상관(相關) 관계(關係)를 조사(調査)한바 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 우리나라 대표(代表) 토양(土壤)들의 토지이용별(土地利用別) 표시토(表尸土)의 평균(平均) pH($H_2O$) 값은 답토양(畓土壤) $5.3{\pm}0.6$, 전토양(田土壤) $5.5{\pm}0.9$, 임야지(林野地) $5.4{\pm}0.5$, 초지(草地) $5.3{\pm}0.6$이였으며 전체(全體) 평균(平均)은 $5.4{\pm}0.7$이였다. 2. 상기(上記) pH값은 pH(KCl)값으로 답토양(畓土壤) $4.2{\pm}0.6$, 전토양(田土壤) $4.2{\pm}0.8$, 임야지(林野地) $4.0{\pm}0.6$, 초지(草地) $4.3{\pm}0.6$이며 전체(全體) 평균(平均)은 $4.2{\pm}0.6$이다. 3. 시위별(尸位別) pH값은 A시(尸)보다 B시(尸) C시(尸)으로 갈수록 높은 경향(傾向)을 보여주었다. 4. pH(field), pH($H_2O$) pH(KCl)간(間)에는 유의(有意)한 상관(相關)을 보여 주었으며 그 관계(關係)는 전(田), 초지(草地), 임야(林野), 답(畓)의 순(順)으로 현지(現地)에서 비색법(比色法)으로 측정(測定)하는 pH(field)값도 상당(相當)히 정확(正確)한 측정치(測定値)를 얻을 수 있었다. 5. 퇴적양식별(堆積樣式別) pH값은 표시토(表尸土)에 대(對)한 pH($H_2O$)에서 산악지(山岳地) 및 구릉지(丘陵地) 잔적(殘積)이 하해혼성충적이나 홍적(洪積)보다 높았고 pH(KCl)에서는 하해혼성충적이 산악(山岳) 및 구릉지(丘陵地) 보다 높아서 앞으로 토양(土壤) pH값의 대표(代表)는 pH(KCl)고 하는것이 합리적(合理的)인 것으로 생각된다.

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인지된 위험의 유형이 소비자 신뢰 및 온라인 구매의도에 미치는 영향 (The Impact of Perceived Risks Upon Consumer Trust and Purchase Intentions)

  • 홍일유;김우성;임병하
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제21권4호
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    • pp.1-25
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    • 2011
  • Internet-based commerce has undergone an explosive growth over the past decade as consumers today find it more economical as well as more convenient to shop online. Nevertheless, the shift in the common mode of shopping from offline to online commerce has caused consumers to have worries over such issues as private information leakage, online fraud, discrepancy in product quality and grade, unsuccessful delivery, and so forth, Numerous studies have been undertaken to examine the role of perceived risk as a chief barrier to online purchases and to understand the theoretical relationships among perceived risk, trust and purchase intentions, However, most studies focus on empirically investigating the effects of trust on perceived risk, with little attention devoted to the effects of perceived risk on trust, While the influence trust has on perceived risk is worth studying, the influence in the opposite direction is equally important, enabling insights into the potential of perceived risk as a prohibitor of trust, According to Pavlou (2003), the primary source of the perceived risk is either the technological uncertainty of the Internet environment or the behavioral uncertainty of the transaction partner. Due to such types of uncertainty, an increase in the worries over the perceived risk may negatively affect trust, For example, if a consumer who sends sensitive transaction data over Internet is concerned that his or her private information may leak out because of the lack of security, trust may decrease (Olivero and Lunt, 2004), By the same token, if the consumer feels that the online merchant has the potential to profit by behaving in an opportunistic manner taking advantage of the remote, impersonal nature of online commerce, then it is unlikely that the merchant will be trusted, That is, the more the probable danger is likely to occur, the less trust and the greater need to control the transaction (Olivero and Lunt, 2004), In summary, a review of the related studies indicates that while some researchers looked at the influence of overall perceived risk on trust level, not much attention has been given to the effects of different types of perceived risk, In this context the present research aims at addressing the need to study how trust is affected by different types of perceived risk, We classified perceived risk into six different types based on the literature, and empirically analyzed the impact of each type of perceived risk upon consumer trust in an online merchant and further its impact upon purchase intentions. To meet our research objectives, we developed a conceptual model depicting the nomological structure of the relationships among our research variables, and also formulated a total of seven hypotheses. The model and hypotheses were tested using an empirical analysis based on a questionnaire survey of 206 college students. The reliability was evaluated via Cronbach's alphas, the minimum of which was found to be 0.73, and therefore the questionnaire items are all deemed reliable. In addition, the results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) designed to check the validity of the measurement model indicate that the convergent, discriminate, and nomological validities of the model are all acceptable. The structural equation modeling analysis to test the hypotheses yielded the following results. Of the first six hypotheses (H1-1 through H1-6) designed to examine the relationships between each risk type and trust, three hypotheses including H1-1 (performance risk ${\rightarrow}$ trust), H1-2 (psychological risk ${\rightarrow}$ trust) and H1-5 (online payment risk ${\rightarrow}$ trust) were supported with path coefficients of -0.30, -0.27 and -0.16 respectively. Finally, H2 (trust ${\rightarrow}$ purchase intentions) was supported with relatively high path coefficients of 0.73. Results of the empirical study offer the following findings and implications. First. it was found that it was performance risk, psychological risk and online payment risk that have a statistically significant influence upon consumer trust in an online merchant. It implies that a consumer may find an online merchant untrustworthy if either the product quality or the product grade does not match his or her expectations. For that reason, online merchants including digital storefronts and e-marketplaces are suggested to pursue a strategy focusing on identifying the target customers and offering products that they feel best meet performance and psychological needs of those customers. Thus, they should do their best to make it widely known that their products are of as good quality and grade as those purchased from offline department stores. In addition, it may be inferred that today's online consumers remain concerned about the security of the online commerce environment due to the repeated occurrences of hacking or private information leakage. Online merchants should take steps to remove potential vulnerabilities and provide online notices to emphasize that their website is secure. Second, consumer's overall trust was found to have a statistically significant influence on purchase intentions. This finding, which is consistent with the results of numerous prior studies, suggests that increased sales will become a reality only with enhanced consumer trust.

관악산 알칼리 장석 화강암의 지구화학 : A-형 화강암\ulcorner (Geochemistry of the Kwanaksan alkali feldspar granite: A-type granite\ulcorner)

  • S-T.Kwon;K.B. Shin;H.K. Park;S.A. Mertzman
    • 암석학회지
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    • 제4권1호
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    • pp.31-48
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    • 1995
  • 관악산 암주는 지금까지 단순히 흑운모 화강암으로만 구성된 것으로 알려져 왔으나 실제로는 석영+K-장석+사장석+흑운모$\pm$석류석의 광물군으로 보인다. 모드자료와 $An_5$ 미만의 사장석 성분을 고려하면 이 암주는 알칼리 장석화강암으로 명명된다. 서브솔버스 장석, 비교적 초기의 흑운모 정출, Q-Ab-Or 그림에서 유출된 은 관입깊이 등은 관악산 암주를 만든 마그마가 물을 함유하고 있었음을 지시하는데, 이는 아래에 설명하는 무수의 A-형 화강암과 유사한 지화학 성분을 가지는 것과는 대조된다. 관악산 암주의 주성분과 미량성분원소는 서울 화강암질 저반의 것과 뚜렷이 구분되며 이는 두 암체간의 성인적 차이를 시사한다. 관악산 암주의 주성분 및 미량원소 함량은 우리나라의 대부분 중생대 화강암과는 달리 A-형 화강암 특징을 보인다. 즉, $SiO_2$(73~78 wt%), $Na_2O+K_2O$,Ga(27~47 ppm), Nb(22~40 ppm), Y(48~95 ppm) 함량과, Fe/Mg and Ga/Al 비는 높은 반면, CaO(<0.51 wt%), Ba(9~75 ppm)과 Sr(2~23 ppm) 함량은 낮다. 그러나 전형적인 A-형 화강암과 비교했을때, Zr과 LREE는 낮은 함양을 Rb(386~796 ppm)은 높은 함량을 갖는 차이점을 보인다. 이 연구에서는 기존의 연구에서 보고되었던 LREE가 결핍되고 큰 부의 Eu이상을 가지는 회토류 원소 패턴이 근원 마그마의 특성을 가지는 것으로 재해석하였다. 즉 부분용융동안의 잔류물질로 다량의 사장석이 남아야 하는 반면, 휘석, 각섬석, 석류석은 남을 수 없다. 관악산 암주와 A-형 화강암의 지구화학적 유사성은 이 암주의 기원이 A-형 화강암의 기원과 밀접한 관련이 있음을 시사한다.

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CFD 시뮬레이션을 이용한 시설원예단지 여름철 외부 열환경 특성 및 개선방안 (A Characteristics and Improvement of Thermal Environment in Summer of Protected Horticulture Complex Using CFD Simulation)

  • 손진관;공민재;최덕규;강동현;박민정;윤성욱;이승철;이시영
    • 농촌계획
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    • 제24권3호
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    • pp.73-86
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    • 2018
  • Agricultural or rural landscape provides various ecosystem services. However, the ecosystem services function is declining due to various environmental problems such as climate change, land use change, stream intensification, non-point pollution and garbage. The A1B scenario predicts that the mean air temperature of South Korea will rise $3.8^{\circ}C$ degrees celsius in 2100. Agricultural sector is very vulnerable to climate change, so it must be thoroughly predicted and managed. In Korea, the facility horticulture complex is 54,051ha in 2016 and is the 3rd largest in the world(MAFRA, 2014). Facilities of horticultural complexes are reported to cause problems such as groundwater decrease, vegetation and insects diversity reduction, landscapes damage and garbage increase, compared with the existing land use paddy fields. Heat island phenomenon associated with climate change is also accelerated by the high heat absorption of horticultural sites. Therefore, we analyzed the heat island phenomenon occurring in the facility of horticultural complex in Korea. As an improvement measurement, I examined how much air temperature is reduced by putting the channel and the open space. In the case of the Buyeo area, the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation was analyzed for the average summer temperature distribution in the current land use mode at $38.9^{\circ}C$. As an improvement measurement, CFD simulation after 10% of 6m water channel was found to have an effect of lowering the summer temperature of about $2.7^{\circ}C$ compared with the present average of $36.2^{\circ}C$. In addition, CFD simulations after analyzing 10% of the open space were analyzed at $34.7^{\circ}C$, which is $4.2^{\circ}C$ lower than the present. For the Jinju area, CFD simulations were analyzed for the average temperature of summer at $37.8^{\circ}C$ in the present land use pattern. As an improvement measure, CFD simulations after 10% of 6m water channel were found to have an effect of lowering the summer temperature of about $2.6^{\circ}C$ compared to the current average of $35.2^{\circ}C$. In addition, CFD simulations after analyzing 10% of the open space were analyzed at $33.9^{\circ}C$, which is $3.9^{\circ}C$ lower than the present. It can be said that the effect of summer temperature drop in open space and waterway has been proven. The results of this study are expected to be reflected in sustainable agriculture land use and used as basic data for government - level policy in land use planning for climate change.