• PNF and Movement
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.67-77
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness of clinical balance tests through the correlation of balance evaluation using by forceplate in elderly. Methods : Thirty nine healthy elderly subjects (14 males, 25 females) participated in the study. The subjects were evaluated with clinical balance tests [(Berg balance scale (BBS), Functional reach test (FRT), Tinetti's performance oriented mobility assessment (POMA), and one leg standing (OLS)]. Static balance evaluation was assessed by using forceplate. Center of pressure (COP) parameters were obtained using it as total path distance, total sway area, X mean frequency and Y mean frequency for 20 seconds in the following conditions: (1) comfortable standing with eyes opened and closed, (2) uncomfortable standing with eyes opened and closed. After static balance evaluation tested, dynamic balance evaluation was assessed. COP parameters were error distance and area during sine curve trace. COP parameters were movement time, error distance, and maintained time in the circle during COP movement task. Results : Clinical balance tests showed statistically significant correlation between static and dynamic balance evaluations. Among the clinical balance tests, the BBS, POMA, and OLS showed significant correlation with to assess the balance ability of elderly in clinical setting both evaluations. Conclusion : Clinical balance tests can be recommended in clinical setting because of low costs and simplicity.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 2009

Purpose: to purpose prevent to dysfunction and decrease to pain level use to active therapeutic movement and sling manual, stability exercise in shortening hamstring chronic back patient. Methods: The patient's complain was Buttock and Lower Back Pain due to dysfunction posture work. The subject's initial Pain Scale was 60 of 100(VAS). The Subject Treatment to Sling Mobility exercise, Home exercise, ATM, Sling Stability exercise, sensory motor training During 8weeks for 18 times. Results: The result was Visual Analog Scale(VAS)was decreased 10 of 100 after treatment. Conclusion: Visual Analog Scale(VAS)was decreased 10 of 100 after treatment. Functional Leg Length Was recover to same level. Trunk Flexibility was increase to 18cm. Active Knee Extension ankle was decrease to $15^{\circ}$ limit range of motion due to Lt. Hamstring Shortening limit range of motion $30^{\circ}$. GPS(Gobal Postural System)test was recover to same level. This case study need to sufficient data and times.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.155-170
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• 2003

Lumbar segmental instability is considered to represent a significant sub-group within the chronic low back pain population. This condition has a unique clinical presentation that displays its symptoms and movement dysfunction within the neutral zone of the motion segment. The loosening of the motion segment secondary to injury and associated dysfunction of the local muscle system renders it biomechanically vulnerable in the neutral zone. There in evidence of muscle dysfunction related to the control of the movement system. There is a clear link between reduced proprioceptive input, altered slow motor unit recruitment and the development of chronic pain states. Dysfunction in the global and local muscle systems in presented to support the development of a system of classification of muscle function and development of dysfunction related to musculoskeletal pain. The global muscles control range of movement and alignment, and evidence of dysfunction is presented in terms of imbalance in recruitment and length between the global stability muscles and the global mobility muscles. The local stability muscles demonstrate evidence of failure of aeequate segmental control in terms of allowing excessive uncontrolled translation or specific loss of cross-sectional area at the site of pathology Motor recruitment deficits present as altered timing and patterns of recruitment. The evidence of local and global dysfunction allows the development of an integrated model of movement dysfunction. The clinical diagnosis of this chronic low back pain condition is based on the report of pain and the observation of movement dysfunction within the neutral zone and the associated finding of excessive intervertebral motion at the symptomatic level. Four different clinical patterns are described based on the directional nature of the injury and the manifestation of the patient's symptoms and motor dysfunction. A specific stabilizing exercise intervention based on a motor learning model in proposed and evidence for the efficacy of the approach provided.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.1013-1019
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• 2016

This paper describes a novel Context-awareness Markov Chain Prediction (CMCP) algorithm based on movement prediction using Markov chain in Delay Tolerant Network (DTN). The existing prediction models require additional information such as a node's schedule and delivery predictability. However, network reliability is lowered when additional information is unknown. To solve this problem, we propose a CMCP model based on node behaviour movement that can predict the mobility without requiring additional information such as a node's schedule or connectivity between nodes in periodic interval node behavior. The main contribution of this paper is the definition of approximate speed and direction for prediction scheme. The prediction of node movement forwarding path is made by manipulating the transition probability matrix based on Markov chain models including buffer availability and given interval time. We present simulation results indicating that such a scheme can be beneficial effects that increased the delivery ratio and decreased the transmission delay time of predicting movement path of the node in DTN.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.6B
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• pp.387-395
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose an end-to-end mobility management and TCP flow control scheme which considers different link characteristics for vertical handover environments. The end-to-end mobility management is performed by using SIP protocol. When a mobile node moves to a new network, it informs its movement of the correspondent node by sending SIP INFO message containing a new IP address which will be used in the new network. And then the corresponding node encapsulates all packets with the new IP address and sends them to the mobile node. in general, RTT of WLAN is shorter than RTT of cdma2000. when the MN moves from WLAN network to cdma2000 network, TCP retransmission timeout will be occurred in spite of non congestion situations. Thus, TCP congestion window size will be decreased and TCP throughput will be also decreased. To prevent this phenomenon, we propose a method using probe packets after handover to estimate a link delay of the new network. We also propose a method using bandwidth ratio of each network to update RTT. It is shown through NS-2 simulations that the proposed schemes can have better performance than the previous works.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.77-91
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• 2023

Background: Congenital muscular torticollis results in reduced head mobility, such as cervical rotation, due to the abnormal size and contraction of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Korea Pediatric integrative manual therapy and stretching are recommended to improve head rotation upper cervical spine mobility. Therefore, in this study, the effect of the new PIMT was investigated. Methods: The patient is a 3.5 month-old diagnosed with congenital muscular torticollis (CMT). Due to the limitation of head rotation and cervical spine rotation and flexion mobility, the child visited a rehabilitation center and after diagnosis, Pediatric integrative manual therapy (PIMT) treatment was performed five times a week for a total of 15 weeks. The child's head rotation and flexion limitation and plagiocephaly were evaluated. Results: In conclusion, this study shows that compared to other treatments, PIMT approach is a more effective treatment for improving head rotation and cervical limitation for range of motion in CMT infants. Conclusion: PIMT approach was effective in improving cervical rotation and Head lateral flexion mobility and plagiocephaly in CMT patients.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.169-180
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to find the characteristics of the foreign and domestic travels and to seek out the significance of the study, by grouping the geotweets users who moved abroad, according to the average and the standard deviation of moving distances. Geotweets which caused foreign and domestic travels occurred divided, after building a data mart and the moving distances of users were measured by using the Haversine formula. It has moved more often among groups of foreign travelers in countries that use the same language and have similar lifestyles. There has been a lot of movement in developed countries with well-established infrastructure in a group of domestic travelers. This study tried to draw common features, by calculating the travel distances by each user and grouped users according to the characteristics of user's moving distances. There are significant differences in national economic power, age, jobs, etc. among users from a total of 21 countries analyzed by this study, so a more precise analysis would be able to be conducted, only if the whole conditions are considered. A future study should additionally consider real factors.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.167-174
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• 2020

The aim of this study is to find out how the mathematics activities linked to outdoor movement activities affect children's motor abilities. S kindergarten located in Gyeonggido do conducted a fifteen week program for young children aged five years. In this study, young children's motor perfromenace test scale of Ji Sungae(2007) was conducted. Each area consists of a five-point scale. There were a total of thirty-three questions. pre-tests and post-tests were performed for young children's motor performance. t-test was used. As a result of this study, it was found that mathematics activities in connection with outdoor movement activities had a positive effect on the improvement of overall exercise ability, non-movement exercise ability, and mobility exercise ability of young children. Based on the results of this study, it is expected that various programs for young children integrated with outdoor motor activities will be developed and applied to the site.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.44 no.10
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• pp.83-98
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• 2007

The handover between different radio access networks, especially where their coverage overlaps, suffers various complications since the different access networks provide different service characteristics. One way to reduce service interruptions and QoS (i.e., bandwidth, throughput, delay) degradations during the inter-technology handover is to reserve the required resource in advance. The resource reservation algorithm should minimize the handover latency and maximize the resource utilization based on the accurate estimation on mobile's location, velocity, movement pattern and service requirements. In this paper, we propose a resource reservation algorithm based on the mobile terminal velocity and the cell selection probability, which maximizes resource utilization ana reduces network overhead. We compare the proposed algorithm with PMS(Predictive Mobility Support) and VCDS(Velocity and Call Duration Support scheme) based on 3-layer network model under various scenarios.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.158-170
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• 2004

Mobile IP is a base protocol to support host mobility in IP-based wireless network. It is well known that the protocol contains two main delay factors on a handoff process; one is to detect a host movement, and the other is to register the host's current location to its home network. This paper examines Layer 2(L2) handoff procedure in the IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN, and identifies these L2 triggers that can be usefully applied to Layer 3(L3) handoff. Then, the MCAA(Multiple-Casting using Anchor Agent) mechanism is proposed. It makes use of the L2 trigger and the network topology to construct an anchor agent dynamically, and the multiple-casting scheme to prevent an ongoing packet to be lost. Using a network simulator, the proposed mechanism has been evaluated the handoff delay and the packet lost point of view, in comparison with the regional registration protocol which is the most well known micro mobility support mechanism.