• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.6C
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• pp.429-437
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• 2008

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques can be used for the spectral efficiency enhancement of the cellular systems, which can be categorized into spatial multiplexing (SM) and spatial diversity schemes. MIMO systems suffer a severe performance degradation due to the intercell interference from the adjacent cells as the mobile terminal moves toward the cell boundary. Therefore for the spectral efficiency enhancement, an appropriate transmission scheme for the given channel environment and reception scheme which can mitigate the intercell interference are required. In this paper, we propose an adaptive signal transmission/reception scheme for the spectral efficiency improvement of $M_R{\times}M_T$ MIMO systems, present the decision criteria for the adaptive operation of the proposed scheme, and demonstrate the performance gain. The proposed scheme performs adaptive transmission using spatial multiplexing and spatial diversity, and adaptive reception using maximal ratio combining (MRC) and intercell spatial demultiplexing (ISD) when the spatial diversity transmission is used at the transmitter. Spatial multiplexing/demultiplexing is performed at the high signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) range, and the transmit diversity in conjunction with the adaptive reception uses either conventional MRC or ISD which can mitigate the $M_R-1$ interference signals, based on the mobile location. For the performance evaluation of the proposed adaptive scheme, the probability density function (pdf) of the effective SIR for the transmission/reception methods in consideration are derived for $M_R{\times}M_T$ MIMO systems. Using the results, the average effective SIR and spectral efficiency are presented and compared with simulation results.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.28 no.11A
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• pp.921-928
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• 2003

This paper propose a new design of directional couplers with the high directivity. The directional coupler is used to check and verify the power, frequency and antenna reflection of a signal at transmission station for the mobile communications. The performance index of the directional coupler is to which the coupling is strong to reduce the effect on the transmitted power and the directivity is high to suppress the interference of the reflected signals and reduce the nor in the communication. Then, the architectures to gain the high directivity and the studies to get the strong coupling have been proposed However, the conventional architectures lot the high directivity and strong coupling have the directivity by about 20㏈ and the difficulty to achieve the higher directivity than 40㏈ suitable for IMT-2000 [1]. This paper proposes an architecture of the directional coupler which is based on the grounding composed of the strip lines and the comparison results with the conventional directional couplers. The comparison results show that the proposed directional coupler has the directivity more than 40 ㏈ and is adequate for the 2.05GHz IMT-2000

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.441-448
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• 2018

Recently, measurements on clutter loss due to buildings in urban/suburban areas at 3, 6, 10, 18, and 24 GHz have been performed by the Radio Research Agency with the purpose of predicting the clutter loss close to actual urban/suburban propagation for 5G mobile communication. In this work, we have compared the urban clutter loss to suburban clutter loss for a transmit antenna height of 85 m. Furthermore, we have estimated the error between the predicted loss as per ITU-R P.2108 and the measured clutter loss. Our results indicate that for higher frequencies, the measured clutter loss in urban/suburban areas is higher and so lower than the predicted clutter loss. In conclusion, it is necessary to improve the prediction model for clutter loss by taking into account the measured clutter loss in urban/suburban areas in the prediction model.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.977-985
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• 2011

Recent works on multiuser transmission techniques have shown that the linear growth of capacity in single user MIMO system can be translated to the multiuser MIMO scenario as well. In this paper, we propose a method pursuing performance gain of vector perturbation in multiuser downlink systems. Instead of employing maximum number of mobile users for communication, we use small part of them as virtual users for improving reliability of users participating communication. By controlling parameters of virtual users including information and perturbation vector, we obtain considerable improvement in the effective SNR, resulting in large gain in bit error rate performance. Simulation results on the realistic multiuser downlink systems show that the proposed method brings substantial performance gain over the standard vector perturbation with marginal overhead in computations.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.107-113
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• 2016

In this paper, we suggest a design method of a wide-band Butler matrix working at 5.9 GHz for V2X communication antennas. Since V2X communication needs beam-forming and beam-steering antennas to make transportation systems, mobile comm platforms, saturated frequency-resources, and signal TX-and-RX smart, multi-functional, resolved, and efficient utmost, respectively, the proper Butler matrix and its radiating elements as a low-profile geometry are realized. The constitutive components of the basic Butler matrix of a narrow band are designed first. And then, it is extended to a wide-band version to make its frequency-shift less affected by the event of the antenna system being mounted on a car body. The beam-forming and beam-steering performance is presented as the common feature tagged along with the different bandwidths of the frequency responses as the comparison between the narrow- and wide-band cases.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.723-731
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• 2016

A core technological base to provide enhanced data rates required by 5G mobile wireless communications is the improved bandwidth efficiency using massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission. MIMO transmission requires the channel estimation using the channel state information reference signaling (CSI-RS) and appropriate beamforming, thus the design of the codebook defining proper beamforming vectors is an important issue. In this paper, we propose a multi-rank codebook based on the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) matrix, by utilizing statistical properties of the channel generated by the spatial channel model (SCM). The proposed method includes a structural change of the precoding matrix indicator (PMI) by considering the phase difference distributions between adjacent antenna elements, as well as the selected codevector characteristics of each transmission layer. Performance gain of the proposed method is evaluated and verified by making the performance comparison to the 3GPP standard codebooks adopted by Long-Term Evolution (LTE) systems.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.219-229
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• 1996

Path loss prediction method, one of the most essential parts in measuring the service area in mobile telecommunication, has been developed for many years. But, wave propagation depends on many kinds of environmental factors such as frequency, distance, the heights of transmitting and receiving antenna and the terrain status(buildings in large city, hilly terrain, mountain). These are the main reasons that the propagation models developed in foreign environments can not fit into Korean propagation condition. In this paper, therefore, we performed the measurement in Korean terrain environment in pager frequency band after deviding the terrain characteristics into six types. With this measured data, we derived several curves that follows the long-term wave progagation behavior and developed the wave propagftion prediction model which calculates the field strength at any point in the service area. The proposed model estimates the field strength in two categories, LOS(line-of-sight), or non LOS. We applied this model using the digital terrain data base and compared with the measured data. The result shows that the errors were between 3~9dB, which turned out to be practical.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.123-129
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• 2018

Recently, as required wireless communication traffic increase, millimeter wave mobile technologies that can secure broadband spectrum are gaining attention. However, the path loss is high in the millimeter wave channel. Massive MIMO system is being researched in which can complement the path loss by beamforming by equiped large-scale antenna at the base station. While legacy beamforming techniques have analog and digital methods, practical difficulties exist for application to massive MIMO systems in terms of system complexity and cost. Therefore, this paper studies a hybrid beamforming scheme for massive MIMO system in the millimeter wave band. Also this paper considers spatial multiplexing scheme to serve multi-users with multiple received antennas. Gains of the beamforming and the spatial multiplexing schemes are evaluated by analyzing the spectral efficiency.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39C no.4
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• pp.380-386
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• 2014

In this paper, a higher-order mode coupler using coaxial-structure waveguide for Ku-band monopulse satellite tracking is proposed. The proposed higher-order mode coupler is built in a coaxial structure for compactness and weight reduction, making it suitable for mobile tracking systems. The inner circular waveguide of coaxial-structure is used to extract the fundamental mode signal and the high-order mode signal is extracted from the four slots of the outer circular waveguide and then transmitted via given stepped rectangular waveguide structure. The simulated results show that proposed higher-order mode coupler covers 250 MHz(12.75 GHz ~ 13.00 GHz) bandwidth with return loss and insertion loss characteristics. The antenna patterns of fundamental mode and higher-order mode applicable to monopulse tracking are generated successfully. Designed higher-order mode coupler using coaxial waveguide structure for Ku-band is expected to be used for high precision monopulse satellite tracking systems.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.16 no.10 s.101
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• pp.1043-1049
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• 2005

In OFDM system suitable for high capacity high speed broadband transmission, ICI caused by phase noise degrades system performance seriously by destroying the orthogonality among subcarriers. In this paper, a new STFBC method combining ICI self cancellation scheme and antenna, time, frequency diversity is studied to reduce ICI effectively. CPE and ICI are analyzed by the phase noise linear approximation method in the proposed STFBC OFDM system. CIR, PICR and BER are discussed to compare the system performance degraded by phase noise of PLL. As results, STFBC method significantly reduces ICI. Furthermore, the SCI that usually happens in the traditional STBC, SFBC diversity coding method can be easily avoided.