• Information and Communications Magazine
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.124-142
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• 1998

ETSI BRAN (Broadband Radio Access Network)는 고속 무선 LAN 또는 고정 광대역 무선액세스 네트워크에서의 무선 접촉 계층과 ATM 및 IP(Internet Protocol) 코어 네트워크와의 연동을 위한 일부 기능을 표준화하기 위한 과제이다. 특히, BRAN의 HIPERLAN type-2(HIPERLAN/2)의 경우에는 과제의 범위는 무선 접속면, 무선 부시스템에서의 서비스 인터페이스, 서비스 구현에서 요구되는 연동 및 각종 지원 기능을 표준화하며, 무선 접속면의 경우에는 다수 벤더간의 상호 호환성을 제공할 수 있는 인터페이스를 구현하는 것이다. HIPERLAN/2의 기술 규격은 코어 네트워크와 독립적인 물리계층 및 데이터 링크 제어 (DATA Link Control: DLC) 계층과 서로 상이한 코어 네트워크와의 연동을 위한 네트워크 수렴 부계층을 다루게 될 것이며, 초기 단계에서는 ATM과 IP 코어 네트워크와의 연동 기능을 제시하게 될 것이다. 따라서 HIPERLAN/2기반의 시스템 규격을 제시하기 위해서는 네트워크 계층 및 기타 상위 계층에 대한 규격이 요규되며, 이는 ATM Forum에서의 무선 ATM 신호 방식 규격, IETF(Internet Engineering Task Force)의 IP규격, 그리고 ETSI의 SMG (Special Mobile Group) 프로젝트에서 표준화되고 있는 UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Service) 규격 등과 접목될 것이다. 결과적으로 무선 ATM 관점에서는 완전한 시스템 규격 작성은 ETSI BRAN과 ATM Forum에서 무선 접속 규격과 이동성 관리 및 신호 방식으로 각각 이원화되어 진행되고 있다. 현재 물리 계층에서의 전송 방식은 OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)으로 확정되었으며, DLC 계층에서는 고정 길이의 TDD (Time Division Duplexing) TDMA 프레임 구조를 기반으로 AP (Access Point)에 의해 동적으로 상향 링크 자원을 예약 할당하는 매체 접근 제어 (Medium Access Control: MAC) 프로토콜이 고려되고 있다. 이와 같은 DLC 계층에서는 기본적으로 짧은 길이의 패킷을 통해 다양한 대역폭의 멀티미디어 트래픽을 효율적으로 수용하면서 ATM 네트워크뿐만 아니라 향후 IP 네트워크에서 요구하는 각 서비스별 QoS (Quality of Service)를 개별적으로 보장할 수 있는 기능을 구현하고자 한다. 향후 이 부문에 대한 표준화가 본격적으로 진행될 것으로 예상되며 HIPERLAN/2의 경우에는 1999년 중반까지 1차 기능 규격을 완료할 예정이며, BRAN 전반에 대한 완전한 규격을 2002년까지 완성하는 것을 목표로 하고 있다.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.90-98
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• 2004

This paper covers the issue of securing ad hoc networks. Such networks exhibit a number of characteristics that make such a task challenging. One of the major challenges is that ad hoc networks typically lack a fixed infrastructure both in form of physical infrastructure such as routers, servers, and stable communication links and in the form of an organizational or administrative infrastructure. Another difficulty lies in the highly dynamic nature of ad hoc networks since new nodes can join and leave the network at any time. The major problem in providing security services in such infrastructure less networks is how to manage the cryptographic keys that are needed. In order to design practical and efficient key management systems it is necessary to understand the characteristics of ad hoc networks and why traditional key management systems cannot be used. These issues are covered and we also present a new efficient key management solutions. Finally we show that the proposed method is more efficient than the previous works through simulations.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.1483-1490
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• 2009

This parer is presented multiple path-planning of unmanned autonomous forklift using modified genetic algorithm and fuzzy inference system. There are a task-level feedback method and a method that path is dynamically replaned in realtime while the autonomous vehicles are moving by means of an optimal algorithm for existing multiple path-planning. However, such methods cause malfunctions and inefficiency in the sense of time and energy, and path-planning should be dynamically replanned in realtime. To solve these problems, we propose multiple path-planning using modified genetic algorithm and fuzzy inference system and show the performance with autonomous vehicles. For experiment, we designed and built two autonomous mobile vehicles that equipped with the same driving control part used in actual autonomous forklift, and test the proposed multiple path-planning algorithm. Experimental result that actual autonomous mobile vehicle, we verified that fast optimized path-planning and efficient collision avoidance are possible.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.130-140
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• 2011

This paper proposes an optimal posture for the task-oriented movement of dual arm manipulator. A stability criterion function which consists of three kinds of feature-representative parameters has been utilized to define the optimal posture. The first parameter is the force which is applied to the object. The torque of each joint and position of arm are attained from the current sensor and encoder, respectively. From these two data, the applied force to an object is estimated using sum of vectors of the joint torques estimated from the measured current. In order to investigate the robustness of each posture, the variation of the end-effector from the encoder information has been utilized as the second parameter. And for the last parameter for the optimality, the total energy consumption has been used. The total consuming energy of each posture can be computed from the current information and the battery voltage. The proposed robot structure consists of a mobile inverted pendulum and dual manipulators. In order to define the optimal posture for the each object, external disturbances are applied to the mobile inverted pendulum robot and the first and second parameters are investigated to find the optimal posture among the pre-selected most representative postures. Finally, the proposed optimal posture has been verified by the proposed stability criterion function which consists of total force to the object, the fluctuation of the end-effector position, and total energy consumption. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithms has been verified and demonstrated through the practical simulations and real experiments.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• 제25권5A호
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• pp.611-617
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• 2000

Asynchronous mode W-CDMA system is kmown to be quite appropriate to the next generation mobile communication system, especially in a non-homogenious cellular architecture. In this case, however, each base station needs to use different spreading code for identification, so it is a demeanding task for a mobile terminal to find the best cell site and get an accurate code synchronization at the beginning of a communication. Since slow acquisition of a base station could mean the failure of initiation, a fast algorithm to accelerate the cell search process is essential. In this paper, a new cell search algorithm based on the binary code position modulation within the code block is proposed. Different cell sites are identified by different hopping code sequences, andeach position modulation is performed by the hopping code. The proposed algorithm is proved to make the cell search time in most places in a cell much shorter than the previous algorithms, and to make the receiver implementation simpler.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권11호
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• pp.5229-5252
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• 2016

With proliferation of diverse network access technologies, users demands are also increasing and service providers are offering a Quality of Service (QoS) to satisfy their customers. In roaming, a mobile node (MN) traverses number of available networks in the heterogeneous wireless networks environment and a single operator is not capable to fulfill the demands of user. It is crucial task for MN for selecting a best network from the list of networks at any time anywhere. A MN undergoes a network selection situation frequently when it is becoming away from the home network. Multiple Attribute Group Decision (MAGD) method will be one of the best ways for selecting target network in heterogeneous wireless networks (4G). MAGD network selection process is predominantly dependent on two steps, i.e., attribute weight, decision maker's (DM's) weight and aggregation of opinion of DMs. This paper proposes Multi-Attribute Intuitionistic Fuzzy Group Decision Method (MAIFGDM) using TOPSIS for the selection of the suitable candidate network. It is scalable and is able to handle any number of networks with large set of attributes. This is a method of lower complexity and is useful for real time applications. It gives more accurate result because it uses Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets (IFS) with an additional parameter intuitionistic fuzzy index or hesitant degree. MAIFGDM is simulated in MATLAB for its evaluation. A comparative study of MAIFDGM is also made with TOPSIS and Fuzzy-TOPSIS in respect to decision delay. It is observed that MAIFDGM have low values of decision time in comparison to TOPSIS and Fuzzy-TOPSIS methods.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.536-545
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• 2020

When general statistical regression methods are applied to predict the battery remaining time of a mobile smart device, they yielded the poor accuracy of estimating battery remaining time as the deviations of battery usage time per battery level became larger. In order to improve the estimation accuracy of general statistical regression methods, a preprocessing task is required to refine the measured raw data with large deviations of battery usage time per battery level. In this paper, we propose a data preprocessing framework that preprocesses raw measured battery consumption data and converts them into refined battery consumption data. The numerical results obtained by experimenting the proposed data preprocessing framework confirmed that it yielded good performance in terms of accuracy of estimating battery remaining time under general statistical regression methods for given refined battery consumption data.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2022

We propose energy-efficient scheduling considering real-time constraints and energy efficiency in smart mobile with heterogeneous multi-core structure. Recently, high-performance applications such as VR, AR, and 3D game require real-time and high-level processings. The big.LITTLE architecture is applied to smart mobiles devices for high performance and high energy efficiency. However, there is a problem that the energy saving effect is reduced because LITTLE cores are not properly utilized. This paper proposes a heterogeneous multi-core assignment technique that improves real-time performance and high energy efficiency with big.LITTLE architecture. Our proposed method optimizes the energy consumption and the execution time by predicting the actual task execution time using SVM (Support Vector Machine). Experiments on an off-the-shelf smartphone show that the proposed method reduces energy consumption while ensuring the similar execution time to legacy schemes.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.369-390
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• 2023

Technologies for disaster management are highly sought areas for research and commercial deployment. Landslides, Flood, cyclones, earthquakes, forest fires and road/train accidents are some causes of disasters. Capturing video and accessing data in real time from the disaster site can help first responders make split second decisions which may save human lives and valuable resource destructions. In this context the communication technologies performing the task should have high bandwidth and low latency which only 5G can deliver. But unfortunately in India, deployment of the 5G mobile communication systems is yet to give a shape and again in remote areas unavailability of 4G signals is still severe. In this situation the authors have proposed, simulated and experimented a 4G-5G communication scheme where from the disaster site the signals will be transmitted by a 5G terminal to a nearby 4G-5G gateway installed in a mobile vehicle. The received 5G signal will be further relayed by the 4G-5G gateway to the fixed 4G base station for onward transmission towards the disaster management station for decision making, deployment and relief monitoring. The 4G-5G gateway acts as a relay and converter of 5G signal to 4G signal and vice versa. This relayed system can be further mounted on a vehicle mounted relay (VMR) as proposed by 3GPP in Release 18. The scheme is also in the same line of context with Verizon's, "Tactical Humanitarian Operations Response" (THOR) vehicle concept. The performance of the link is studied in different channel conditions, the throughput achieved is superb. The authors have implemented the above mentioned system towards smart campus networking and monitoring landslides activities which are common in their regions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2013년도 제47차 동계학술대회논문집 21권1호
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• pp.9-12
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• 2013

리눅스 기반 안드로이드 단말에서는 CFS(Completely Fair scheduler)가 사용되고 있다. 그리고 CFS는 태스크의 nice값 조절을 통해서 응용프로그램의 CPU 점유율을 제어할 수 있다. 하지만 안드로이드를 업그레이드할 때마다 수많은 태스크의 nice값을 적절하게 맞추는 일은 매우 어려운 일이다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 안드로이드 단말은 리눅스의 cgroup(control group)을 사용하여 태스크들을 그룹으로 나눈다. 고성능과 빠른 응답 특성이 필요한 태스크들을 apps 그룹에 할당하여 높은 CPU 점유율을 보장하고, 그렇지 않은 태스크들을 background 그룹에 할당한다. 하지만 안드로이드의 버전이 업그레이드 되면서 각 그룹에 속한 태스크들에도 변화가 생긴다. 그 결과 동일하게 제작된 태스크들의 CPU 점유율이 달라지게 되고 예기치 못한 성능 저하가 발생할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 안드로이드 버전 향상에 따라 동종 태스크들이 이전 버전에서보다 성능이 하락하는 현상의 원인을 파악하였다. 아울러 분석과 실험을 통하여 태스크의 nice 값보다 그룹 스케줄링 메커니즘이 어떻게 태스크의 CPU 점유율을 결정 짓는지 규명하였다.