• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 1999

This study was conducted to make the utmost use of the good traits and to improve the poor traits of zoysiagrass through the production technology for mixed lines sod in addition to breeding. Mixed lines sod was produced by mixing broad or middle leaf line with narrow leaf line by volume, a ratio of 1 to 2. The mixed lines sod of zoysiagrass was superior to the single ling sod, which is used commonly, for the establishment rate, coverage rate, shoot density, texture, leaf color, dormancy period cnd color, and visual quality.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.152-159
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate optimum application rate with mixed organic fertilizer for chemical fertilizer alternative where the paddy rice (Chucheong) was cultivated in clay loam of paddy field. The mixed organic fertilizer were applied at 0, 50, 100 and 150% levels of recommended nitrogen by soil testing plot compared with plot of chemical fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphate and potash), respectively. The ammonium nitrogen content in paddy soil and surface water of mixed organic fertilizer 100% plot were higher than chemical fertilizer plot. The absorbed amount of nitrogen and nitrogen use efficiency by rice plant in mixed organic fertilizer 100% plot were higher than chemical fertilizer plot. The number of tillers on rice at 30 days and 60 days after transplanting mixed organic fertilizer 100% plot were many more than chemical fertilizer plot. The milled rice yield of mixed organic fertilizer 100% plot was increased by 4% than chemical fertilizer plot. The optimum application rate of mixed organic fertilizer was as follows ; $OAR_{MOF}(Mg\;ha^{-1})=[(NAR_{ST}{\div}NC_{MOF}/1,000{\times}0.93)/1,000]$ ($OAR_{MOF}$ : Optimum application rate of mixed organic fertilizer, NARST : Nitrogen application rate($kg\;ha^{-1}$) by soil testing, $NC_{MOF}$ : Nitrogen content($g\;kg^{-1}$) of mixed organic fertilizer, and $0.93:124.3kg\;ha^{-1}/133.0kg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively).

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.17-35
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• 2020

In this paper we introduce and consider a new class of variational inequalities with four operators. This class is called the extended general mixed quasi variational inequality. We show that the extended general mixed quasi variational inequality is equivalent to the fixed point problem. We use this alternative equivalent formulation to discuss the existence of a solution of extended general mixed quasi variational inequality and also develop several iterative methods for solving extended general mixed quasi variational inequality and its variant forms. We consider the convergence analysis of the proposed iterative methods under appropriate conditions. We also introduce a new class of resolvent equation, which is called the extended general implicit resolvent equation and establish an equivalent relation between the extended general implicit resolvent equation and the extended general mixed quasi variational inequality. Some special cases are also discussed.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.17-27
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• 2006

The purpose of this research was to find out the preferences in HMUBs for living space in respondents' later life. For this purpose, this research was conducted by social survey research using a questionnaire for those who lived in an urban area around Seoul. The data was collected from November to December, 2005. The results of this research were as follows. Firstly, respondents agreed with living in high rise mixed use buildings in their later life because of convenience. Willingness to move into HMUBs was positive. Concerning preferred physical features, residents preferred living in either lower floors or higher floors because of safety or fine views. Regarding the usage of common space and facilities, they wanted to use them with other generations and preferred 2 bedroom type unit located in a suburban area. Secondly, the preference for living in a HMUB in later life was higher in women respondents than in men. Thirdly, the preference for living in a HMUB in later life was higher in upper floors than lower floors according to property and asset value. As a conclusion, the development of HMUB housing for older people has a bright prospect for urban residents in Korea.

• Journal of Urban Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.63-68
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• 2020

In recent years, the planning of livable communities has emerged as a new paradigm. The concept of livable communities is related to both the spatial balance of working, playing, and living and the promotion of green modes of transportation, such as walking and biking. This study uses a disaggregate travel survey conducted by the Seoul Metropolitan Area in 2006. I applied a multi-level random intercept logit model to estimate the effects of land-use characteristics on the choice of green modes, holding a traveler's socio-demographic characteristics constant. The empirical results show that higher density and more mixed land-use development encourages people to walk and bike even when individuals have the same socio-economic characteristics. This paper demonstrates that land-use planning by itself can play a role in the creation of livable cities and the decline of greenhouse gas production.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.277-289
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• 2016

Fraction is one of the concepts which are difficult to elementary school students. So, many researches about fraction were performed in mathematics education research. In special, fraction has so many subordinative concepts-proper fraction, improper fraction, mixed number. We have to concentrate on the conceptual understanding in teaching of fraction. In this case, a mixed number and improper fraction are concepts which can convert respectively. And there are methods that a mixed number and improper fraction can be converted. So, it's needed to analyze the converting methods in textbooks for getting the implication of teaching in this areas. In this study, I analyzed the Korean and foreign's textbooks. I certified the methods-using addition expression, using part-whole model in the textbooks. For the conceptual understanding, I suggested to use the fusion of the various part-whole fraction models and addition expression more than the algorithm in converting between a mixed number and improper fraction. It's reason that the use of models in converting between a mixed number and improper fraction is important for the relational understanding.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.3299-3304
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• 2013

Background: The Global Adult Tobacco Survey has 15 key indicators, cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) among daily smokers being one of them. The first wave of GATS in 14 countries indicated that mean CPD use is higher in women than men in India only, which is contrary to the current understanding of tobacco use globally. This study was undertaken to understand the unusual findings for mean CPD use in the GATS-India survey. Materials and Methods: Items B06a and B06b of the GATS India survey questionnaire that collected information on daily consumption of manufactured and rolled cigarettes were analyzed using SPSS software. Exclusive users were identified from these items after excluding the concurrent users of other tobacco products. Cigarette type, exclusive use and gender stratified analyses were made. Consumption of different types of cigarettes among the mixed users of manufactured and rolled cigarettes were correlated. Results: Higher mean number of CPD use among male daily-smokers was observed than their female counterparts in product specific analysis. Mean CPD as per GATS cigarette definition was higher in males than females for exclusive users but a reverse trend was observed in case of non-exclusive users. Use of manufactured cigarettes increased with increase in use of rolled cigarette among the mixed users and around half of these users reported equal CPD frequency for the both types of cigarettes. Conclusions: The anomaly in mean CPD estimate in GATS-India data was due to inclusion of two heterogeneous products to define cigarettes, variation in cigarette product specific user proportions contributing to the average and non-exclusive concurrent use of other tobacco products. The consumption pattern of cigarettes among the mixed users highlights bias in CPD reporting. Definition, analysis and interpretation of 'cigarettes per day' in the GATS India survey need to be improved by redefining cigarettes and making product specific analyses.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2004

The growth characteristics of cool season turfgrass in the seaside landfill golf courses with the single-use of kentucky bluegrass and mixed-use with kentucky bluegrass and perennial ryegrass in the coast line are as follows. Water infiltration rate was higher in the kentucky bluegrass single-use groups recorded as 95.6∼125.9cm/hr than in the roups mixed with kentucky bluegrass and perennial ryegrass recorded as 180.3∼386.2cm/hr. The surface soil hardness and the soil penetration were ranged from 16.6 to 18.0mm and from 6.0 to 7.3kg/cm$^2$, respectively. The cultivar that showed the most excellent visual quality and visual color in the kentucky bluegrass single-use groups was Midnight(KB2), whose density around the root was relatively excellent, as well. North Star(KB3) known as highly resistant to salt was the secondarily excellent cultivar. Brilliant(KB1) had visual quality of about third grade, however, it seemed profitable to develop turfgrass ground by virtue of its high density. As of April 26, 2003, when 2 weeks had passed after seeding, the visual quality was better in the groups mixed with kentucky bluegrass and perennial rye grass than in the kentucky bluegrass single-use groups. The most excellent visual color was found in Midnight(KB2)+Brightstar SLT(PR2) among the groups mixed with kentucky bluegrass and perennial ryegrass. On August 4, 2003, a disease was found from one experimental group in Blackstone(KB4) and expanded into more than 50cm of diameter.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.483-491
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the economic effect of the use of recycled aggregate on the construction industry and the effect of increasing the value of the recycled aggregate production industry on the premise of supporting quality assurance technology to promote the high-quality use of recycled aggregate. Accordingly, the production cost of ready-mixed concrete that can be obtained through the use of high-quality recycled aggregate is analyzed according to the recycled aggregate application rate recommended in the recycled aggregate quality standard, The economic effect of general ready-mixed concrete and recycled aggregate-applied rea dy-mixed concrete industry wa s a na lyzed by identifying the domestic rea dy-mixed concrete industry sca le a nd the ra te of satisfaction of recycled aggregate volume, and a cost-benefit analysis method was used to examine the benefits of high-quality recycled aggregate production and sales. As a result, the production cost of ready-mixed concrete is reduced by 2.3~16.2% depending on the application rate, the economic effect of the use of recycled aggregate on the construction industry is about 106.8~142.6 billion KRW, and the effect of increasing the value of the recycled aggregate production industry generated about 1.22 times the benefit.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.17 no.4 s.77
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• pp.395-405
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• 2005

This paper summarizes the test results of the flexible-stiff mixed system for the effective use of high-strength steel. Steel with a high degree of strength and performance is being increasingly required as buildings get larger and taller. High-strength steels cannot be used for many applications, though, because they have a number of defects. For instance, they have a high yield ratio, a small strain in maximum stress, and equal Young's modulus compared to mild steels. A new structural system is needed to effectively use high-strength steels with some defects. This paper proposes the flexible-stiff mixed system for the effective use of high-strength steels with high yield ratios. The possibility of using the system is discussed through the test of flexible-stiff mixed columns with high-strength steels. The main variable of the specimens is the yield displacement ratio, including both the force ratio and the stiffness ratio. The proper yield displacement ratio is proposed by adopting the flexible-stiff mixed system. The test results showed that the proposed flexible-stiff mixed system has a high capacity for energy absorption and the highest capacity for energy absorption when the yield displacement ratio of the flexible element to the stiff element ranges from 2.7 to 3.3.