• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.68-76
• /
• 2010

In the green house, the effect of the mixed material of vermicast and humic acid on the growth of young raddish was investigated. 5, 10, 15, 30 or 50 kg(a.i.) of solid type humic acid was mixed with 300kg(d.w.) of vermicast/10a, each of which was applicated to the soil. And the conventional treatment(600kg of conventional organic fertilizer/10a) and untreatment plot were rendered for comparison. In all the experimental plots treated with vermicast, the number of leaves, leaf length, leaf biomass, root length, root diameter, root biomass of young raddish were higher than those in untreated plot. And in the experimental plots treated with the mixed materials of vermicast and humic acid, growth rate of young raddish was equal to or higher than that in the conventionally treated plot. Fresh biomass of leaves per leol' raddish in the plot treated with 300kg of vermicast + 5kg of humic acid was 1.79 times higher than that in the untreated plot and fresh biomass of root was 2.08 times higher, which was much more effective in its growth rate than that in any other treated plots. There were no prominent changes in soil physicochemical properties after the leol' raddish harvest from the soil treated with vermicast and humic acid, though.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
• /
• v.47 no.3
• /
• pp.388-397
• /
• 2010

A two-dimensional time-domain, potential-theory-based fully nonlinear numerical wave tank (NWT) was developed by using boundary element method and the mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian (MEL) approach for free-surface node treatment. The NWT was applied to prediction of primary wave energy conversion efficiency of a bottom-mounted oscillating water column (OWC) wave power device. The nonlinear free-surface condition inside the chamber was specially devised to represent the pneumatic pressure due to airflow velocity and viscous energy loss at the chamber entrance due to wave column motion. The newly developed NWT technique was verified through comparison with given experimental results. The maximum energy extraction was estimated with various chamber-air duct volume ratios.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.175-189
• /
• 2013

A membrane bioreactor (MBR) with sludge retention time (SRT) of 300 days was maintained for over 2 years. Polypropylene microfiltration (MF) membrane with pore size of 0.2 ${\mu}m$ was used in the MBR system. The fouling behaviors of various sludge fractions from the MBR were studied and sub-divided resistances were analyzed. It was observed that $R_{cp}$ was a dominant resistance during the filtration of activated sludge, contributing 63.0% and 59.6% to the total resistance for MBR and sequential batch reactor (SBR) respectively. On the other hand, $R_c$ played the significant role during the filtration of supernatant and solutes, varying between 54.54% and 67.18%. Compared with $R_{cp}$ and $R_c$, $R_{if}$ was negligible, and $R_m$ values remained constant at $0.20{\times}10^{12}m^{-1}$. Furthermore, resistances of all sludge fractions increased linearly with rising mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration and growing trans-membrane pressure (TMP), while the relationship was inversed between fraction resistances and cross flow velocity (CFV). Among all fractions of activated sludge, suspended solid was the main contributor to the total resistance. A compact cake layer was clearly observed according to the field emission scanning electro microscopy (FE-SEM) images.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.47-52
• /
• 2008

Effects of wood vinegar on the activity of various insecticides were determined by measuring the mortality of two species of rice planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens and Laodelphax striatellus. Wood vinegar itself did not show insecticidal activity on planthoppers. When the planthoppers were treated with wood vinegar mixed with one of insecticides such as BPMC, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, carbosulfan or insect growth regulators, the planthopper mortality induced by carbosulfan was greatly increased by the wood vinegar in comparison with a single carbosulfan treatment. Wood vinegar showed no effect on other insecticides. In addition, the wood vinegar-carbosulfan mixture significantly reduced AChE activity of planthoppers, which is a target molecule of carbosulfan. This result suggests that wood vinegar has a synergistic effect on the insecticidal activity of carbosulfan. Our study provides information on a potential role of wood vinegar in facilitation of activity of specific insecticides.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.39-44
• /
• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the contents of residual solvents and mineral components(11 kinds) in ginseng extracts with different extracting conditions(5 types) and commercial ginseng extract products(domestic, imported). Fine root was extracted with solution having various ethanol concentration after hexane treatment. Among 5 type extracts, residual solvent(hexane) was detected ginseng extracts treated ethanol mixed with hexane. But extracts that dried after soaked in hexane wasn't detected hexane. Mineral components(Al, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn) were detected in fine root and 5 types of extracts. The contents of mineral components between fine root and extracts with various extracting conditions were similar, however, extracts that dried after soaked in hexane showed the lower amount in Al, Fe, Pb than the others. In comparison with commercial ginseng ex-tract products(domestic, imported), the distribution pattern of mineral was similar but the contents were a little different.

• Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
• /
• 2002.11a
• /
• pp.106-106
• /
• 2002

Purpose： The purposes of our study are (1) to develop a brain phantom which can be used for multimodal image registration, (2) to evaluate the accuracy of image registration with the home-made phantom. Method： A brain phantom which could be used for image registration technique of CT-MR and CT-SPECT images using chamfer matching was developed. The brain phantom was specially designed to obtain imaging dataset of CT, MR, and SPECT. The phantom had an external frame with 4 N-shaped pipes filled with acryl rods for CT, MR imaging and Pb rods for SPECT imaging. 8 acrylic pipes were inserted into the empty space of the brain phantom to be imaged for geometric evaluation of the matching. Accuracy of image fusion was assessed by the comparison between the center points of the section of N-shaped bars in the external frame and the inserted pipes of the phantom. Technique with partially transparent, mixed images using color on gray was used for visual assessment of the image registration process.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.44-53
• /
• 1999

The resistant strains due to the extended-spectrum $\beta$-lactamase (ESBL) were susceptible to cefatrizine combined with clavulanic acid. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of cefatrizine/clavulanic acid (CTRZ/CV) combination at a ratio of 2 : 1 in comparison with cefaclor (CCLO), cefuroxime (CRXM), cefuroxime axetil (CRXMA) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMXCCV). CTRZ/CV showed good activity against laboratory strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against $\beta$-lactamase-producing strains. The bactericidal activity of CTRZ/CV was superior to that of CCLO and CRXM, and almost equal to that of AMXCCV against the $\beta$-lactamase-producing strains. The in vitro results were substantiated. by in vivo mouse experimental infection studies with $\beta$-lactamase-producing and non-producing strains. In mixed experimental infection due to $\beta$-lactamase-producing and non-producing strains, the therapeutic efficacy of CTRZ/CV was superior to that of CTRZ, CCLO, CRXMA and AMXCCV. In respiratory tract infection in mice due to Klebsiella pneumoniae EB4O, CTRZ/CV was more erective than CCLO, CRXMA and AMXCCV and also more efficacious than CCLO, CRXMA and AMXCCV in urinary tract infection in mice due to Escherichia coli EB13. These results indicate that CTRZ/CV is a useful drug for the treatment of infection caused by $\beta$-1actamase-producing strains including ESBL-producing strains.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.61 no.4
• /
• pp.40.1-40.6
• /
• 2021

Acid-base disorder is a common problem in veterinary emergency and critical care. Traditional methods, as well as the Stewart method based on strong ion difference concepts and the Fencl-Stewart method, can be used to analyze the underlying causes. On the other hand, there are insufficient comparative study data on these methods in cats. From 2018 to 2020, 327 acid-base analysis data were collected from 69 sick and 18 healthy cats. The three most well-known methods (traditional method, Stewart method, and Fencl-Stewart method) were used to analyze the acid-base status. The frequency of acid-base imbalances and the degree of variation according to the disease were also evaluated. In the traditional acid-base analysis, 5/69 (7.2%) cats showed a normal acid-base status, and 23.2% and 40.6% of the simple and mixed disorders, respectively. The Fencl-Stewart method showed changes in both the acidotic and alkalotic processes in 64/69 (92.8%), whereas all cats showed an abnormal status in the Fencl-Stewart method (semiquantitative approach). The frequencies of the different acid-base imbalances were identified according to the analysis method. These findings can assist in analyzing the underlying causes of acid-base imbalance and developing the appropriate treatment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.18 no.10
• /
• pp.1414-1420
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this research was to determine whether or not feeding induced hypovolemia (decreases in plasma volume) and decreases in plasma bicarbonate concentration caused by loss of $NaHCO_3$ from the blood, act to suppress feed intake and saliva secretion volumes during the initial stages of feeding in goats fed on dry forage. The animals were fed twice a day at 10:30 and at 16:00 for 2 h each time. Prior to the morning feeding, the collected saliva (3-5 kg) was infused into the rumen. During the morning 2 h feeding period (10:30 to 12:30), the animals were fed 2-3 kg of roughly crushed alfalfa hay cubes. At 16:00, the animals were fed again with 0.8 kg of alfalfa hay cubes, 200 g of commercial ground concentrate and 20 g of sodium bicarbonate. In order to compensate for water or $NaHCO_3$ lost through saliva during initial stages of feeding, a 3 h intravenous infusion (17-19 ml/min) of artificial mixed saliva (ASI) or mannitol solution (MI) was begun 1 h prior to the morning feeding and continued until the conclusion of the 2 h feeding period. The physiological state of the goats in the present experiment remained unchanged after parotid gland fistulation. Circulating plasma volume decreases caused by feeding (estimated by increases in plasma total protein concentration) were significantly suppressed by the ASI and MI treatments. During the first 1 h of the 2 h feeding period, plasma osmolality in the ASI treatment was the same as the NI (non-infusion control) treatment, while plasma osmolality in the MI treatment was significantly higher. In comparison to the NI treatment, cumulative feed intake levels for the duration of the 2 h feeding period in the ASI and MI treatments increased markedly by 56.6 and 88.3%, respectively. On the other hand, unilateral cumulative parotid saliva secretion volume following the termination of the 2 h feeding period in the ASI treatment was 50.7% higher than that in the NI treatment. MI treatment showed the same level as the NI treatment. The results of the present experiment proved that the humoral factors involved in the suppression of feeding and saliva secretion during the initial stages of feeding in goats fed on dry forage, are feeding induced hypovolemia and decrease in plasma $HCO_3^-$ concentration caused by loss of $NaHCO_3$ from the blood.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.583-593
• /
• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of mixed-sowing of legume forage and applying of cattle manure on the productivity of organic rye to provide dairy farmers with safe organic feeds. Also the present study aimed to evaluate optimal applying level of cattle manure and carrying capacity of Korean native cattle (Hanwoo) per unit area. The amount of crude protein was significantly higher in the mixed-sowing of legume forage (average 760~786 kg/ha) than in the single-sowing of rye (average 353 kg/ha) (p<0.05). The mixed-sowing of forage peas and the single-sowing of rye tended to improve by increasing the level of nitrous fertilization rather than the fertilization treatment. The amount of crude protein on the rye according to the mixed-sowing of legume was significantly higher in the mixture (average 8.29~9.90%) than in the single (average 4.93%) (p<0.05). The comparison by the level of nitrogen fertilization indicated significantly high for the rye in 50 kg N/ha than in fertilization treatments (p<0.05). Total digestible nutrients (TDN) amount in the single-sowing of rye was average 46.86% and has lower than average 49.96~50.12% of the mixed-sowing of legume, and especially the mixed-sowing of forage pea was the highest with 54.55% in 150 kg N/ha for the level of nitrogen fertilization (p<0.05). The breeding ability of annual organic livestocks per unit area according to the feed value of rye presented significantly higher ability in the mixed-sowing of legume (3.72~4.12 heads) than the single-sowing of rye (average 2.26 heads) (p<0.05). By summarizing above results, the mixed-sowing of legume is required to improve the productivity and the feed value of rye for increasing organic livestock breeding ability in southern area of Gyeongbuk regions, and the study for identifying the appropriate fertilization level using livestock excretions is further necessary.