• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.15-21
• /
• 1983

Preparing for treatment and management of the emulsified fuel oil which will be generalized henceforth, this paper is an attempt to examine the viscosity-temperature characteristics of emulsified heavy fuel oil which is mixed with water and emulsifier in various mixture ratio by mechanical mixer. The experimental results are summarized as follows: 1. The viscosity-temperature characteristics of the emulsified C & B grade heavy fuel oil mixed with water of same or less weight, is changed according to log.log(v+0.6)=b-3.8log T. 2. The emulsifier has to be added to the emulsified A grade heavy fuel oil mixed with water of same or less weight, because it is instable. Especially if the emulsifier is sodium stearate, it is added more than 0.3% of the weight of oil and water. 3. In the emulsified A grade heavy fuel oil mixed with water and emulsifier, the higher the ratio of water addition becomes, the higher the viscosity is and the more the viscosity-temperature slope decreases. But the higher the ratio of emulsifier addition is, the more the viscosity-temperature slope increases. In this case, the linearity of viscosity-temperature characteristic curve is poorer than that of B and C grade heavy fuel oil. 4. In the emulsified A grade heavy fuel oil mixed with emulsifier of 0.3% or less, the emulsion type is O/W type when water addition ratio is 40%, but it is W/O type when it is 10%, 20%, 30% and 50%.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 1977

The dilution of crankcase oil with unburned portions of the fuel during operating is one source of the oil contaminations which will reduce engine life.It has been learned that major causes of oil dilution may be the result of using impure fuels which were mixed with water, dust, and some others, but very little was known about this. This study was conducted to develop a more intimate understanding about oil dilution of the farm kerosene engine while using impure fuel mixed with expecially diesel. Fuels being used in this study were 9 kinds of mixed fuels, kerosene and diesel. Farm kerosenen engine of 10 P.S. was tested at no-load of 1000 and 2000 rpm., such as 1/4, 2/4, 3/4, 4/4, and 11/10 loads for understanding about oil dilution of keresene engine.The result of this study are summarized as follows : 1. The amounts of oil dilution of the engine being tested was increased with increase in the applied loads and the contents of diesel in the mixed fuels when using fuels other than kerosenen and diesel, whereas at $D_100$ fuel the comount of oil dilution decreased in some cases. The lowest value was measured to be 20 cc/hr, at $K_90$ fuel of no-load condition, and the highest value to be 293cc/hr. at $K_{10}$ fuel of 4/4 load condition. 2. When the engine was operated at no-load condition, the amount of oil dilution at 100rpm. was much more than at 2000 rpm. 3. Because the fuel consumption and the oil dilution showed a similar tendency along the applied loads, the excessive fuel consumption of engines was supposed to be one of the important factors affecting oil dilution. 4. The temperature of crankcse oil was varied invesely with oil dilution, but they were not thought to be factors to determine each other variable. 5. The tested engine could be operated with high percentage of diesel mixed fuel from no-load condition to fully loaded condition, but it would be impossible to operate the engine for long hous continuously due to excessive speed fluctuation.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제47권1호
• /
• pp.29-41
• /
• 2020

Biodiesel is a clean energy resource that can replace diesel as fuel, which can be used without any structural changes to the engine. Vegetable oil accounts for 95 percent of the raw materials used to produce biodiesel. Thus, many problems can arise, such as rising prices of food resources and an imbalance between supply and demand. Most of the previous studies using waste cooking oil used waste cooking oil from a single material. However, the waste cooking oil that is actually collected is a mixture of various types of waste cooking oil. Therefore, in this study, biodiesel produced with mixed waste cooking oil was supplied to an agricultural single-cylinder diesel engine to assess its potential as an alternative fuel. Based on the results, the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) increased compared to diesel, and the axis power decreased to between 70 and 99% compared to the diesel. For emissions, NO_x and CO₂ were increased, but CO and HC were decreased by up to 1 to 7% and 16 to 48%, respectively, compared to diesel. The emission characteristics of the mixed waste cooking oil biodiesel used in this study were shown to be similar to those of conventional vegetable biodiesel, confirming its potential as a fuel for mixed waste cooking oil biodiesel.

• 해양환경안전학회지
• /
• 제26권7호
• /
• pp.864-872
• /
• 2020

국제해사기구(IMO)의 황함유량 규제에 따르는 저유황연료유는 생산 공정에 따라 다양한 물리화학적 특성을 가지게 된다. 본 연구는 저유황연료유 및 저유황-고유황 혼합연료유의 물리화학적 특성연구 결과를 해양오염 방제대응의 기초자료로 활용하고자 한다. 연구에 사용된 혼합연료유는 황함유량이 0.46 mass%인 저유황연료유와 0.36 mass%인 저유황연료유에 고유황연료유를 25, 50, 75 mass% 혼합하여 제조하였다. 이 혼합연료유에 대해 동점도, 유동점 및 Saturates, Aromatics, Resins, Asphaltenes(SARA)분포 등 물리화학적 특성에 대해 실험실 연구를 하였다. 동점도가 높고 유동점이 낮은 특징의 고유황연료유가 75 mass% 혼합함에 따라, 혼합연료유의 동점도는 350.2 %까지 증가 하였으며, 유동점이 23℃와 -11℃의 저유황연료유는 각각 -3℃ 및 -6℃까지 유동점이 내려가거나 올라갔다. Asphaltenes 분포가 적은 저유황연료유에 고유황연료유를 혼합함에 따라, Saturates분포는 68.8 %까지 감소하고, Asphaltenes분포는 1,417 %까지 크게 증가하였다.

• 임산에너지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.28-36
• /
• 1987

To know the possibility of fuel substitution for Diesel engine with the seed oil of Evodia daniellii, which is one of the native oil seed trees in Korea. the refined seed oil mixed with light oil in the various rates was tested in the 8 PS Diesel engine: the output, the fuel consumption rate, the governor performance, the rpm stability in the total loading condition. the content of graphite in the burned gas, and the traction coefficients at the different gear stages were maintained The following results were discussed. 1. The output at the normal revolution (2200rpm)was increased as the percent seed oil increased. At the lower rpm (2000-1500rpm )there were no consistent difference in the outputs among fuels of the different percent seed oil 2. The rate of fuel consumption was inclosed as the percent seed oil increased in each loading condition. 3. The more percent sud oil was mixed in the fuel. the better governor performance appeared at both the instantaneous and stable speed. 4. The more percent seed oil was mixed In the fuel, the more stable rpm ratio was maintained 5. The graphite content In the burned gas was increased as the load increased, but there was no apparent difference in the content at each load among the 100$\%$ seed oil, the 100$\%$ light oil, and the mixtures in various rates. 6. In all fuel mixtures the maximam traction coefficent appeared at the third transmission gear stage. Generally in over all transmission gear stages the fuel mixtures of the seed oil:light oil ratio from 7:3 to 5:5 resulted greater traction force than the other fuels.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• 제31권6호
• /
• pp.245-250
• /
• 2015

This study investigates the lubrication characteristics of fuel injection pumps with reference to different fuel oils. Medium-speed diesel engines use fuel oils with various viscosities, such as heavy fuel oil (HFO, which is a high-viscosity fuel oil) and light diesel oil (LDO, which is a low-viscosity fuel oil). When fuel oil with a low viscosity is used, both fuel oil and lubricating oil lubricate the system. Thus, the lubrication of the fuel injection pump is in a multi-viscosity condition when the fuel oil in use changes. We suggest three cases of multi-viscosity models, and divide the fuel injection pump into three lubrication sections: a, the new oil section; b, the mixed oil section; and c, the used oil section. This study compares the lubrication characteristics with variation of the multi-viscosity model, clearance. The volume of Section b does not affect the lubrication characteristics. The lubrication characteristics of the fuel injection pump are poor when high-viscosity fuel oil transfers to low-viscosity fuel oil. This occurs because the viscosity in the new oil section (i.e., Section a) dominates the lubrication characteristics of the fuel injection pump. However, the lubricant oil supply in the used oil section (i.e., Section c) can improve the lubrication characteristics in this condition. Moreover, the clearances of the stem and head significantly influence the lubrication characteristics when the fuel oil changes.

• 한국분무공학회지
• /
• 제2권3호
• /
• pp.25-31
• /
• 1997

This experiment was undertaken to investigate the spray characteristics of the conventional injection system and the ultrasonic energy added injection system. Test fuels include light oil and mixed light-BC oil. The mixed light-BC oil was injected at the normal temperature$(20^{\circ}C)$ and the high temperature$(95{\pm}2^{\circ}C)$ and injection pressure was $120kg/cm^2$. Sauter mean diameter was measured under the variation of the spray distance. To measure the droplet size, we used the Malvern system 2600C. Droplet size distribution was analyzed from the result data of Malvern system. It is also found that the condition of the ultrasonic energy added injection and high temperature injection generates the smaller droplets than that of the conventional injection.

• 수산해양기술연구
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.288-294
• /
• 1990

혼합연료의 혼합성에서 보았을 때, #6 오일은 메타놀, 에타놀, 프로파놀등 어느 알콜과도 혼합하지 않고 급격한 분리 현상을 일으켰으며, #1 오일과 메타놀의 혼합에서도 알콜 함량이 매우 낮을 때를 제외하고는 거의 혼합되지 않았다. 에타놀과 프로파놀만이 #1 오일과 균일한 상태(homogeneous condition)로 혼합되었다. 인화점은 알콜 함량의 증가에 의해 급격히 하락하다가 알콜 함량 20% 이상에서 순수한 알콜과 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 점성은 에타놀 혼합의 경우는 혼합비의 증가에 따라 완만히 감소하였으나, 프로파놀의 경우는 증가하였다. 화염의 용적은 알콜 증가에 따라 감소하고 길이도 짧아졌으나 에타놀 혼합체의 경우에만 예외를 나타내었으며, 휘도도 알콜 증가에 따라 눈에 띄게 감소하였다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.484-492
• /
• 2015

As our government is actively introducing the RPS (Renewable Portfolio Standards) as a national renewable energy obligation policy, power producers are using the various renewable energy to meet the RPS supply quota since 2012. Recently, it is appling to use power bio-fuel oil in bio-fuel oil demonstration project with power companies. In general, power bio-fuel oils are composed of mixture products of vegetable oil, animal fat, fatty acid ester and waste oil. It is already developing for a power plant as a renewable energy abroad. In Korea, it is studying a 100% combustion and blended combustion of heavy fuel oil and bio-fuel oil. In this study, we investigated fuel characteristics of mixed power bio-fuel oil and its emission performance. Especially, it was reduced emissions of bio-oil in industrial boilers due to bio-fuel properties as compare with fuel oil.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제36권7호
• /
• pp.885-893
• /
• 2012

DME (Dimethyl ether) is regarded as one of the candidates of alternative fuels for diesel engine, because of its higher cetane number suitable for a compression ignition engine. Also, DME is a simple chemical structure, colorless gas that is easily liquefied and transported. On the other hand, Bunker oil (JIS C heavy oil) has long been used as a basic fuel in marine diesel engines and is the lowest grade fuel oil. In this study, the combustion and emission characteristics were measured experimentally in the direct injection type diesel engine operated with DME and Bunker oil mixed fuel. From our experimental results, it is induced that DME and Bunker oil blended fuel would be an effective fuel which can reduces the concentration of harmful matter in exhaust gases.