• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.51-65
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• 2012

Objectives : In this study the antidepressant effects of mixture of Lycii Radicis Cortex and Gardeniae Fructus on the change of HPA-Axis and Catecholamine system was investigated Methods : The forced swimming test was performed. The expression of CRF, c-Fos in the PVN, and TH in the VTA and LC were measured with immunohistochemical method. And the experimental groups were divided into the Extraction after Mix group(A) and Mix after Extraction group(B). The effects of both group were compared. Results : The duration of immobility in the FST was decreased significantly in three groups except B100(P<0.01). B100 was shown the significant increase(P<0.05). The expression of CRF in PVN was decreased significantly in all group(P<0.05~P<0.01). The expression of c-Fos in PVN was decreased in A100, A400 and was increased significantly in B100, B400(P<0.05). The expression of TH in VTA and LC were decreased significantly in all group(P<0.001). Conclusions : Effects of Extraction after Mix group(A) and Mix after Extraction group(B) on the HPA-Axis system and Catecholamine system were validated.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.360-364
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• 2009

The onion extractions of MIX treatment (5% $\beta$ cyclodextrin+1% calcium chloride+1% soluble starch mixture solution) using hot water (100${^{\circ}C}$ and 80${^{\circ}C}$) and ultrasonic treatment (25${^{\circ}C}$) incresed L values and decreased a and b values apart from the extraction methods. Extent of the browning reaction as caused by the MIX treatment (0.093) following 100${^{\circ}C}$ water extraction resulted in as low as 31% O.D. level, as compared to the control(0.296). Analysis of the pyruvic acid showed that the control had higher content of pyruric acid than MIX-treated samples. The MIX treatment had lower intensities and higher preferences of browning color and pungency taste compared to the control. The total and coliform microbial counts increased continuously during storage period, while the MIX treatment reduced the number of viable cells. Finally, it was concluded that the MIX treatment was highly effective in suppressing the undesirable browning color and pungent taste after processing, and the microbes increment during storage.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.143-146
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• 2009

Purpose: We use the centrifugation of refrigeration state in separation of blood serum, Anti-ds-DNA, Vitamin $B_{12}$/Folate and GAD-Ab assay. However, Cortisol urine and 25-Hydroxyvitamin $D_3$ ($25OHD_3$) are conducted centrifuge at room temperature. This is troublesome that change centrifugation temperature into room temperature due to using of most assays at cold temperature. Therefore when using centrifuge after extraction of Cortisol urine and $25OHD_3$, we conducted researches on effect of the centrifugation temperature in assay results. Materials and Methods: In Cortisol urine, add dichloromethane 1.0 mL in urine $500\;{\mu}L$, mix for 15 minutes, and then centrifuge for 8 minutes at 2600rpm. In $25OHD_3$ add acetonitrile 0.5 mL in serum $200\;{\mu}L$, and then centrifuge for 8 minutes at 2600rpm. Those experiments were conducted centrifuge at room temperature and $4^{\circ}C$. And experiments conducted immediately after centrifugation at $4^{\circ}C$ and standing for 20 minutes after centrifugation $4^{\circ}C$. Results: In Cortisol urine, room temperature result in 1.93, 2.18, 2.43, 9.45, 14.2 (${\mu}g/dL$). Experiments of performing immediately after centrifuge at $4^{\circ}C$ result in 1.8, 2.0, 2.3, 8.1, 13.7 (${\mu}g/dL$). Experiments of performing after 20 minutes result in 2.1, 2.1, 2.7, 9.95, 14.35 (${\mu}g/dL$). On the other hand, the $25OHD_3$ tests conducted at room temperature result in 7.13, 26.6, 35.8, 48.2, 74.8 (ng/dL). Experiments were conducted immediately by pipetting after $4^{\circ}C$ centrifugation result in 7.53, 30.9, 40.3, 61.5, 89.1 (ng/dL) as results are higher than experiments at room temperature. The experiments that conducted centrifuge at $4^{\circ}C$ and then left at room temperature for 20 minutes result in 7.40, 32.4, 41.3, 51.6, 85.6 (ng/dL). Conclusions: Experiments were conducted by using centrifuge at $4^{\circ}C$ are higher or lower than room temperature. The differences between results of standing for 20 minutes after centrifuge at $4^{\circ}C$ and those of centrifuge at room temperature are less than conducting immediately. It is concerned that experiments conducted immediately after centrifuge at $4^{\circ}C$ are incorrect, because tubes become dim due to temperature differences between $4^{\circ}C$ and room temperature. Therefore, it is desirable to centrifuge at room temperature as manual and we should pipet promptly without stopping.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.1268-1273
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• 2011

The present study was conducted to determine a feasible method of protein concentrate extraction from rice bran (RBPC) and its effect as a substitution for skim milk in early weaning pig diets. An investigation to extract protein concentrate from full fat rice bran was undertaken to determine the best ratio of water and rice bran, the amount of NaOH and a HCl solvent to use in a simple paddle-type mixer with modified spinning to produce RBPC. The results stated that the best ratio for water mixing in the RBPC extraction process was 1:5 with 20 g NaOH and 30 min in a paddle-type mixer at 300 rpm. A mix of 250 ml 0.2 N HCl was optimum for neutralization and protein precipitation. After the fluid was spun out with a washing machine, the sediment was left for 12-14 hours to complete the filtration. One kilogram of rice bran could produce an average of 324.5 gram RBPC and it contained 3.40% ash, 496.48 kcal of GE/100 gram, 1.94% crude fiber, 28.20% ether extract, 7.64% moisture and 16.66% crude protein, respectively. A total of 45 crossbred piglets, weaned at 3 weeks of age were allotted into control diet (A) and dietary treatments formulated with a four different rates of RBPC substitution for skim milk at a percentage of 25 (B), 50 (C), 77 (D) and 100 (E) respectively, in a randomized complete block (RCB) design. All piglets had free access to feed and water until 8 week of age when the experiment ended. Feed intake, average daily gain, growth rate and feed efficiency were not affected by dietary treatments. Blood test parameters after completion of the growth trial indicated normal health. Even though the mean of cell hemoglobin concentration was significantly different between treatments (p<0.05) it was still within the normal range. The cost difference for BW gain of 100% RBPC substituted for skim milk in the weaning diet was approximately 35% lower than that of the control and the relative cost of production was 96.67, 92.85, 70.75 and 64.48% lower for the replacement of 25, 50, 75 and 100% of skim milk respectively. These results implied that this technology is feasible for use by small scale farmers to improve their self-reliance.