• Animal cells and systems
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2000

The genetic variations among six species of Rana from Korea (R. nigro-maculata, R. piancyi, R. dybowskii, R. sp, R. rugosa type A, B and R. amurensis) were investigated using 499 bases of mitochondrial DNA sequences for ND2 (NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2) gene and $tRNA^{Trp}$ gene. Partial sequences of ND2 gene (427 bp) and full sequences of $tRNA^{Trp}$ gene (73 bp) were identified. The level of sequence divergences ranged from 0.2 to 5.2% within species and 4.9-28.0% among 6 species of the genus Rana. The $tRNA^{Trp}$ gene of the genus Rana was composed of 77 nucleotides which showed a two dimensional "cloverleaf" structure. The secondary structure of $tRNA^{Trp}$ was not found compensatory changes which could potentially confound phylogenetic inference. In the neighborjoining tree, brown frogs were clustered first with the level of sequence divergence of 13.20% between R. amurensis and R. dybowskii, and 9% between R. dybowskii and R. sp. supported by 99% bootstrap iterations, respectively. R. nigromaculata and R. plancyi were clustered into another group with 5.1% divergence supported by 100% bootstrap iteration. R. rugosa A 8nd B types were grouped by 4.9% divergence and clustered into the last group with other two groups with 100% bootstrap iterations.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.314-322
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• 2006

The whole mitochondrial genome (14,915 nt) of Pollicipes mitella (Crustacea, Maxillopoda, Cirripedia, Thoracica) was sequenced and characterized. It is the shortest of the 31 completely sequenced crustacean mitochondrial genomes, with the exception of a copepod Tigriopus japonicus (14,628 nt). It consists of the usual 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 1 relatively short non-coding region (294 nt). The thoracican cirripeds apart from Megabalanus volcano have the same arrangement of protein-coding genes as Limulus polypemus, but there are frequent tRNA gene translocations (at least 8). Some interesting translocation features that may be specific to the thoracican cirriped lineage are as follows: 1) trnK-trnQ lies between the control region and trnI, 2) trnA-trnE lies between trnN and trnS1, 3) trnP lies between ND4L and trnT, and 4) trnY-trnC lies between trnS2 and ND1. In P. mitella there are two trnL genes (L1 and L2) in the typical crustacean positions (ND1-L1-LrRNA and CO1-L2-CO2). The present result is compared and discussed with the other three cirriped mitochondrial genomes from one pedunculate (Pollicipes polymerus) and two sessiles (Tetraclita japonica and M. volcano) published so far. Mitochondrial protein phylogenies reconstructed by the BI and ML algorithms show that the thoracican Cirripedia is monophyletic (BPP 100/BP 100) and associated with Remipedia (BPP 98/BP 35). In addition, Oligostraca, including Ostracoda, Branchiura, and Pentastomida, is a monophyletic group (BPP 99/BP 68), and is basal to all the other examined arthropods. Remipedia + Cirripedia appears as an independent lineage within Arthropoda, apart from Thoracopoda (Malacostraca, Branchiopda, and Cephalocarida). The Thoracopoda is paraphyletic to Hexapoda. The present result suggests that the monophylies of Crustacea and Maxillopoda should be reconsidered.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.41-54
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• 2023

The blue-tailed damselfly, Ischnura elegans Van der Linden, 1820 (Odonata: Coenagrionidae), is a climate-sensitive indicator species in South Korea. In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of I. elegans collected from South Korea for subsequent population genetic analysis, particularly to trace population movements in response to climate change. The 15,963 base pair (bp)-long complete mitogenome of I. elegans has typical sets of genes including a major non-coding region (the A+T-rich region), and an arrangement identical to that observed in ancestral insect species. The ATP6, ND3 and ND1 genes have the TTG start codon, which, although rare, is the canonical start codon for animal mitochondrial tRNA. The A/T content was 71.4% in protein-coding genes, 72.1% in tRNAs, 72.9% in the whole genome, 74.7% in srRNA, 75.3% in lrRNA, and 83.8% in the A+T-rich region. The A+T-rich region is unusually long (1,196 bp) and contains two subunits (192 bp and 176-165 bp), each of which is tandemly triplicated and surrounded by non-repeat sequences. Comparison of the sequence divergence among available mitogenomes of I. elegans, including the one from the current study, revealed ND2 as the most variable gene, followed by COII and COI, suggesting that ND2 should be targeted first in subsequent population-level studies. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on all available mitogenome sequences of Coenagrionidae showed a strong sister relationship between I. elegans and I. senegalensis.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.14-23
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• 2000

The mitochondrial genome of domesticated silkworm (Bombyx mori) was mapped with five restriction endonucleases (BamHI, EcoRI, HindIII, PstI and XbaI), the entire genome was cloned with HindIII and EcoRI. From the end sequencing results of 5$^1$and 3$^1$region for full genome set of eleven mitochondrial clones, the seven mitochondrial genes (NADH dehydrogenase 6, ATPase 6, ATPase 8, tRN $A^{Lys}$, tRN $A^{Asp}$, tRN $A^{Thr}$ and tRN $A^{Phe}$ of mori were identified on the basis of their nucleotide sequence homology. The nucleotide composition of NADH dehydrogenase 6 was heavily biased towards adenine and thymine, which accounted for 87.76%. On basis of the sequence similarity with published tRNA genes from six insect species, the tRN $A^{Lys}$, tRN $A^{Asp}$ and tRN $A^{Thr}$ were showed stable canonical clover-leaf tRNA structures with acceptible anticodons. However, both the DHU and T$\psi$C arms of tRN $A^{Phe}$ could not form any stable stem-loop structure. The two overlapping gene pairs (tRN $A^{Lys}$ -tRN $A^{ASP}$ and ATPase8-ATPase6) were found from our sequencing results. The genes are encoded on the same strad. ATPase8 and ATPase6 overlaps (ATGATAA) which are a single example of overlapping events between abutted protein-coding genes are common, and there is evidence that the two proteins are transcribed from a single bicistronic message by initiation at 5$^1$terminal start site for ATPase8 and at an internal start site for ATPase6. Ultimately, this result will provide assistance in designing oligo-nucleotides for PCR amplification, and sequencing the specific mitochondrial genes for phylogenetics of geographic races, genetically improved silkworm strains and wild silkworm (mandarina) which is estimated as ancestal of domesticated silkworm.sticated silkworm.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.355-362
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• 2021

A rumen fluke Fischoederius elongatus is assigned to the type species of genus Fischoederius, family Gastrothylacidae. However, the mitochondrial sequences recently published are thought to be of inconsistent species, suggesting that several morphologically similar but genetically distinct species might be classified as Fischoederius elongatus. Thus, mentions of F. elongatus from South, Southeast, and East Asia might unintentionally refer to different species. The present work describes morphology and a full mitochondrial genome sequence of one of these species. The fluke specimens were collected from 2 infected cattle in Thailand. An interesting finding was the presence of a second tRNA-Asp gene next to a partial ND1 gene. It is suggested that these duplicated sequences are the remnants of non-reciprocal recombination events caused by inverted repeats located between ND2 and ND1 mitochondrial genes.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.375-382
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• 2005

1970년 대 식용을 위한 양식을 목적으로 일본에서 도입된 황소개구리는 1990년대 초반까지 국내 하천과 호소 생태계에 큰 피해를 주었으나 최근 급속히 그 개체수가 줄어든 것으로 추정된다. 이번 연구에서는 황소개구리의 개체군 동태에 미치는 유전적 요인을 조사하기 위하여 국내에 서식하는 황소개구리의 유전자 분석을 실시하였다. 황소개구리 출현이 많은 전라남도 5개 지역에서 지역별로 채집한 개체의 미토콘드리아 ND1/tRNA 유전자 1,215 bp의 염기 서열을 결정하고 이를 기존에 발표된 황소개구리의 염기서열과 비교, 분석한 결과 모든 개체의 1개 위치에서 염기 변화가 발견되었다. 또한 조사한 개체 일부에서 유전자 염기 서열의 6개 위치에서의 변이가 발견되었으나 이는 1,215bp에서 극히 일부분이 변화된 것으로 유전적 변이가 일어 났다고 판단하기 어렵다. Kimura-2-parameter distance 분석에서 국내 서식 황소개구리는 $98.7%\sim100%$의 높은 유사도를 보여 종내 유전적 거리의 차이가 거의 없었으며 유전적으로 유사한 개체들이 cluster를 형성하는 Neighbor-Joining 분석 결과에서 원산지 황소개구리가 국내 서식 황소개구리의 일부와 함께 같은 cluster에 속하므로 원산지와 국내 서식 황소개구리는 유전적 차이가 적은 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과들로부터 국내에 서식하는 황소개구리는 종내 유전적 유사도가 매우 높으며 국내에 도입된 후 지역 특이적으로 유전적 분화가 거의 일어나지 않은 것을 알 수 있다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 1998

DNA의 제한요소단편 다형현상(RFLP)이 유전변이 연구에 널리 이용되고 있다. 본 연구는 파밤나방(Spodoptera exigua(H bner)) 미토콘드리아 DNA(mtDNA)의 RFLP방법을 개발하기 위해 게놈 크기 측정 및 PCR primer들을 선발하였다. 파밤나방의 mtDNA 전체크기는 약 16kb였다. 대부분 곤충 mtDNA에 적합하게 구성된 (Simon et al., 1994)29개 promer들중 21개가 파밤나방의 mtDNA증폭에 적합했다. 이들 primer들을 이용하여 여러 유전자 영역(CO-I, CO-II, Cyt-B, ND-1, 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA 및 일부 tRNA)의 일분 또는 전체를 포함하는 유전자 절편을 증폭시켰다. 일반적으로 다형을 보이는 primer조합을 중심으로 4염기 제한부위를 인식하는 8종의 제한 효소를 통해 분석된 PCR-RFLP는 서로 다은 지역(안동, 경산, 순천) 집단들간에 제한부위에 있어서 차이가 없었으나 일부 영역에서는 길이 차이를 보여 유용한 유전지표로서의 가능성을 제시했다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.937-946
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• 2004

Duroc 품종은 돼지 사육에 있어 산육성과 육질 향상을 위해 이용되고 있다. 본 연구는 육종에 많이 이용되는 Duroc 품종의 모계 특이적인 서열의 검색과 계통유전학적 유연관계의 정립을 위하여 미토콘드리아 유전체의 전체 염기서열을 결정하고 집단 내 다형성을 조사하였다. mtDNA 전체 서열의 길이는 16,584-bp 이고, D-loop과 tRNA, rRNA 유전자 영역에서는 삽입/결실이 확인되었다. 4개의 coding gene (COⅡ, COⅢ, ND3, ND4)에서 불완전한 종결코돈을, ND4L과 ND2 유전자는 선택적 개시코돈 양상을 보였다. Duroc 집단에 대한 분석 결과 조절영역에서의 특이적인 11-bp 중복 단위가 일부 개체(15.2%)에서 발견되었고, ND2의 개시코돈과 CYTB 유전자에서도 다형현상을 보였다. 각각의 유전자 영역에서의 다형성은 서로 연관되어 있었고, 그 결과 Duroc 집단은 크게 두 가지 haplotype으로 구분되었다. 계통수에서 Duroc mtDNA 서열은 유럽계열 cluster에 위치하였으나, haplotype 분석과 기존에 연구결과들을 종합해 보면 Duroc 품종은 여러 모계선조 집단에서 기원한 것으로 보이며, 유럽과 아시아 계열 모두가 품종 형성에 이용된 것으로 사료된다된 것으로 사료된다.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2014

Specimens of the genus Orobdella Oka, 1895 from Korea, including various locations in the Korean Peninsula, were identified as Orobdella tsushimensis Nakano, 2011. Phylogenetic analyses using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI), ND1, $tRNA^{Cys}$, $tRNA^{Met}$, 12S rRNA, $tRNA^{val}$, and 16S rRNA markers show that the newly collected specimens form a monophyletic group with the known O. tsushimensis specimens. The genetic distance of COI of these specimens was in the range 0.4-6.6%. These results confirm that the newly collected specimens belong to O. tsushimensis. This is the first record of the genus Orobdella from the Korean Peninsula.

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물학회 1999년도 한국생물과학협회 학술발표대회
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• pp.43.1-43
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• 1999

No Abstract, See Full Text