• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.454-461
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• 2019

Background: Ikonnikov's whiskered bat (Myotis ikonnikovi) is found throughout the Korean Peninsula, as well as in Kazakhstan, Russia, Mongolia, China, and Japan. It is small-sized and primarily inhabits old-growth forests. The decrease and fragmentation of habitats due to increased human activity may influence the genetic structure of bat populations. This study was designed to elucidate the population genetic structure of M. ikonnikovi using mitochondrial genes (cytochrome oxidase I and cytochrome b). Results: The results showed that M. ikonnikovi populations from Korea have high genetic diversity. Although genetic differentiation was not detected for the COI gene, strong genetic differentiation of the Cytb gene between Mt. Jeombong and Mt. Jiri populations was observed. Moreover, the results indicated that the gene flow of the maternal lineage may be limited. Conclusions: This study is the first to identify the genetic population structure of M. ikonnikovi. We suggest that conservation of local populations is important for sustaining the genetic diversity of the bat, and comprehensive studies on factors causing habitat fragmentation are required.

• ALGAE
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.69-84
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• 2018

We examined the species diversity of Herposiphonia on Korean coasts, based on a combination of morphology and molecular analyses of the mitochondrial COI-5P DNA barcode marker and plastid rbcL gene. We report the presence of eight species including three novel species: H. donghaensis sp. nov., H. jejuinsula sp. nov., H. sparsa sp. nov., H. caespitosa, H. fissidentoides, H. insidiosa, H. parca, and H. subdisticha. Specimens were separated into eight clades in both the COI-5P and rbcL gene analyses, with 1.3-19.6 and 6.6-15% interspecific sequence divergence, respectively. These eight species are also distinguishable by several morphological characteristics such as: branching pattern (d/i pattern in H. donghaensis sp. nov. and H. sparsa sp. nov.; d/d/d/i pattern in others), shape of determinate branch (ligulate in H. fissidentoides; terete in others), number of vegetative trichoblasts (1-2 in H. insidiosa and H. sparsa sp. nov.; 3-4 in H. caespitosa; absent in others), and number of segments and pericentral cells in determinate branches. About three novel species revealed by our analyses, H. donghaensis sp. nov. is newly discovered, and H. jejuinsula sp. nov. and H. sparsa sp. nov. were previously reported in Korea as H. nuda and H. secunda, respectively. Our results show that DNA barcoding and rbcL analyses are useful for delimiting species boundaries and discovering cryptic species diversity in the genus Herposiphonia.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

A new dragonfly species, Nannophya koreana sp. nov., is described from Korea on the basis of morphology and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (COI) gene sequences. Nannophya materials from Korea and other areas in Southeast Asia were compared. The new species was previously recognized in Korea as the endangered pygmy dragonfly Nannophya pygmaea Rambur, 1842, which is widely distributed in insular and peninsular Southeast Asia. However, male adults of the Nannophya population in Korea could be distinguished from other N. pygmaea populations by the presence of a thick, incomplete black stripe on the lateral synthorax that terminated at half-length (vs. continuous to wing base), light orange (vs. red) anal appendages, and 4-5 (vs. 2-3) black teeth on the ventral superior appendages. In addition, the body length of N. koreana was generally larger (1.2-1.4 times) than that of N. pygmaea, regardless of life stage. COI gene sequences from the two groups exhibited substantial genetic differences (>12%), thereby sufficiently substantiating their differentiation. The taxonomic status, distribution, and habitat of the new species are discussed.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.275-283
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• 2010

Many freshwater snail taxa are difficult to identify using morphological traits due to phenotypic plasticity. However, using of molecular DNA marker in combination with morphological traits can provide a reliable means for discriminating among freshwater snail taxa including cryptic species. To discriminate among Korean freshwater snail taxa and resolve their systematic relationships, wesequenced a fragment of mtDNA cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene from 82 specimens collected from ten different sites distributed along the Korean peninsula. We identified more than seven freshwater snail taxa including cryptic species in Korea. Whereas traditional shell morphology of freshwater snails offers only weak discriminatory power for recognizing 'good' taxa, DNA sequence data provided positive and reliable identification. In addition, a major Semisulcospira clade was clearly separated from the remaining lineages observed including cryptic species. However, a phylogenetic tree inferred from the COI gene data did not fully resolve systematic relationships among pleurocerid taxa in Korea. Establishing more robust shell characteristics for identifying taxa unambiguously and hence improving traditional key shell morphology characters for freshwater snail species is an urgent requirement and will require more rigorous examination of all nominal taxa. While molecular data generated here will be useful for species identification and for describing the systematic relationships among Korean freshwater snails, further analysis will be required.

• Genes and Genomics
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• 제40권11호
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• pp.1213-1223
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• 2018

Pelagic larval dispersal habits influence the population genetic structure of marine mollusk organisms via gene flow. The genetic information of the clam Gomphina aequilatera (short larval stage, 10 days) which is ecologically and economically important in the China coast is unknown. To determine the influence of planktonic larval duration on the genetic structure of G. aequilatera. Mitochondrial markers, cytochrome oxidase subunit i (COI) and 12S ribosomal RNA (12S rRNA), were used to investigate the population structure of wild G. aequilatera specimens from four China Sea coastal locations (Zhoushan, Nanji Island, Zhangpu and Beihai). Partial COI (685 bp) and 12S rRNA (350 bp) sequences were determined. High level and significant $F_{ST}$ values were obtained among the different localities, based on either COI ($F_{ST}=0.100-0.444$, P<0.05) or 12S rRNA ($F_{ST}=0.193-0.742$, P<0.05), indicating a high degree of genetic differentiation among the populations. The pairwise $N_m$ between Beihai and Zhoushan for COI was 0.626 and the other four pairwise $N_m$ values were >1, indicating extensive gene flow among them. The 12S rRNA showed the same pattern. AMOVA test results for COI and 12S rRNA indicated major genetic variation within the populations: 77.96% within and 22.04% among the populations for COI, 55.73% within and 44.27% among the populations for 12S rRNA. A median-joining network suggested obvious genetic differentiation between the Zhoushan and Beihai populations. This study revealed the extant population genetic structure of G. aequilatera and showed a strong population structure in a species with a short planktonic larval stage.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.181-191
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• 2000

국내 늦반딧불이(Pyrocoelia rufa)이 미토콘드리아 DNA중 COI 유전자 일부(403 bp)의 염기서열을 결정, 집단내 유전적 다양도, 지역적 변이, 계통유전적 관련에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 남해, 부산, 무주, 용인 등 우리나라 4개 지역으로부터 채집된 총 26개체로부터 7개의 mtDNA haplotype을 얻었으며 이들의 변이는 0.2~1.2%이었다. 도심인 부산에서 채집한 늦반딧불이는 다른 산림 및 농업의 채집지역과 달리 하나의 haplotype으로 고정되어 있어 도시화에 따른 집단의 병목현상과 서식처 파편화가 심각했음을 보여주었다. 그러나 우리나라 최대의 반딧불이 서식처이자 보호지역으로 지정된 무주로부터 4개의 haplotype을 얻었으며 이들의 최대염기 치환율은 1.0%로 가장 높은 집단내 유전적 다양도를 나타내었다. 근해의 섬인 남해의 늦반딧불이는 상대적으로 낮은 haplotype 다양도(H=0.25)와 계통유전적으로 이질적인 haplotype(PR7)의 존재로 요약되었는데 이는 비교적 가까운 과거의 한반도 생물지리 역사 및 유전자 이동에 의해 나타난 현상으로 설명하였다. 계층적 유전분석 결과 무주-용인과 부산-남해 그룹의 형성은 역사적으로 두 그룹사이에 유전자 이동에 반한 장벽의 존재 가능성을 제시한다고 설명하였다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.145-158
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• 2024

Life history characteristics, habitat landscape, and historical events are believed to have shaped the patterns of genetic variation in many taxa. The bony lip barb, Osteohilus vittatus, represent a potamodromous fish that complete all life cycle in freshwater and is widely distributed in Southeast Asia. It usually lives in small rivers and other freshwater habitats, and movement between habitats for either food or reproduction has been typical. These life history characteristics may promote gene flow, leading to less structured populations. However, many freshwater habitats are fragmented, which restricts gene flow. We investigate how this interplay has shaped patterns of genetic variation and phylogeographic structure within this species in the Sundaland, a biodiversity hotspot with a complex geological history, using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) as a genetic marker. Forty-six mtCOI sequences of 506 bp long were collected from ten localities, eight geographically isolated and two connected. The sequences were used for population genetic and phylogeographic analyses. Our results showed a low genetic diversity within populations but high between populations. There was a deep phylogeographic structure among geographically isolated populations but a lack of such structure in the connected habitats. Among geographically isolated populations, sequence divergence was revealed, ranging from 1.8% between Java and Sumatra populations to 12.2% between Malaysia and Vietnam. An indication of structuring was also observed among localities that are geographically closer but without connectivity. We conclude that despite high dispersal capacity, the joint effects of historical events, long-term geographic isolation associated with sea level oscillation during the Pleistocene, and restricted gene flow related to lack of habitat connectivity have shaped the phylogeographic structure within the O. vittatus over the Sundaland.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.347-363
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• 2009

The 15,389-bp long complete mitogenome of the endangered red-spotted apollo butterfly, Parnassius bremeri (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) was determined in this study. The start codon for the COI gene in insects has been extensively discussed, and has long remained a matter of some controversy. Herein, we propose that the CGA (arginine) sequence functions as the start codon for the COI gene in lepidopteran insects, on the basis of complete mitogenome sequences of lepidopteran insects, including P. bremeri, as well as additional sequences of the COI start region from a diverse taxonomic range of lepidopteran species (a total of 53 species from 15 families). In our extensive search for a tRNA-like structure in the A+T-rich region, one $tRNA^{Trp}$-like sequence and one $tRNA^{Leu}(UUR)$-like sequence were detected in the P. bremeri A+T-rich region, and one or more tRNA-like structures were detected in the A+T-rich region of the majority of other sequenced lepidopteran insects, thereby indicating that such features occur frequently in the lepidopteran mitogenomes. Phylogenetic analysis using the concatenated 13 amino acid sequences and nucleotide sequences of PCGs of the four macrolepidopteran superfamilies together with the Tortricoidea and Pyraloidea resulted in the successful recovery of a monophyly of Papilionoidea and a monophyly of Bombycoidea. However, the Geometroidea were unexpectedly identified as a sister group of the Bombycoidea, rather than the Papilionoidea.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.678-688
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• 2023

Flatfish are one of the largest families in the order Pleuronectiformes and are economically important edible marine fish species. However, they have similar morphological characteristics leading to challenges in classifying correctly, which may result in mislabeling and illegal sales, such as fraudulent labeling of processed food. Therefore, accurate identification is important to ensure the quality and safety of domestic markets in Korea. Species-specific primers were prepared from the mainly consumed eleven species of the order Pleuronectiformes. To rapidly identify the 11 flatfish species, a highly efficient, rapid, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with species-specific primers was developed. Species-specific primer sets were designed for the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene. Species-specific multiplex PCR (MSS-PCR) either specifically amplified a PCR product of a unique size or failed. This MSS-PCR analysis is easy to perform and yields reliable results in less time than the previous Sanger sequencing methods. This technique could be a powerful tool for the identification of the 11 species b the family Pleuronectidae and can contribute to the prevention of falsified labeling and protection of consumer rights.

• 생태와환경
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.286-294
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• 2020

깔따구(Diptera: Chironomidae)는 저서성 대형무척추동물로 환경오염 및 수질 모니터링에 이용되는 중요한 지표생물이다. 본 연구에서는 인천 수돗물 정수장에서 발견된 깔따구류의 정밀한 종 동정을 위해 형태적 분류와 미토콘드리아 DNA에서 cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) 유전자의 염기서열을 이용하여 분석하였다. 정수장 6곳의 20개체는 안개무늬날개깔따구(Chironomus kiiensis) 12개체, 노랑털깔따구(Chironomus flaviplumus) 6개체, 등깔따구(Chironomus dorsalis) 1개체, 용산무늬깔따구(Polypedilum yongsanensis) 1개체 등 4종으로 확인되었다. 각 깔따구 종의 형태적 특징은 두부, 하순기절, 대악, 안테나, 발톱의 형태적 특징을 살펴보았다. NCBI Genbank에 등록된 깔따구 17종 21개체의 COI 염기서열을 바탕으로 본 연구에서 조사된 20개체의 계통진화적 분석한 결과 각 4종의 깔따구 COI 염기서열은 등록된 동인 종과 높은 상동성을 보이며 (99~100%) 같은 계통군(clade)으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 국내 깔따구의 종 동정을 위한 형태적- 유전적 정보를 통합적으로 제공함으로 담수생태계의 모니터링을 위한 주요한 정보로 활용될 것이다.