• Journal of Research and Publication Ethics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2024

Purpose: Since 2006, social, ethical, and institutional options have been attempted in Korea to establish research ethics; however, the effectiveness of these attempts has not been thoroughly examined. Studies have been conducted abroad to determine the timeliness of social, ethical and institutional alternatives, such as the adoption of laws governing research ethics, the improvement of research ethics education, the bolstering of systems, the introduction of incentive programs, and the creation of social environments that support research ethics. Research design, data, and methodology: Specific facets of research misconduct or research ethics must be investigated and verified. Aspects of moral growth at the person level must be investigated via research ethics and research ethics education. Results: There is an increasing need for the general public to define and uphold research ethics as the impact of research findings on society grows. Researchers can boost their confidence in their ethical judgments and actions by being aware of research ethics. This may lead to confidence in their capacity to make morally sound decisions. Conclusion: By doing this study, the researcher confirmed that ethically correct behavior can lead to and realize self-growth. Researchers may be more interested in and dedicated to their work when they feel that their research might help them mature and develop ethically.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.317-317
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• 2024

Notice: This article has been retracted as a result of the review (on May 14, 2024) by the Research Ethics Committee of the Korean Society of Remote Sensing, which confirmed research misconduct (plagiarism). The Korean Journal of Remote Sensing (KJRS) Editorial Office received a report alleging plagiarism in a paper published in KJRS authored by Zong and Kohani (2021). Following a thorough investigation by our Research Ethics Committee, we found significant similarities between the original paper (Lee and Mortari, 2017) and the paper (Zong and Kohani, 2021) published in KJRS. The scope of the plagiarism included a number of identical figures, tables, and equations, as well as textual content. As a result, the Research Ethics Committee of the Korean Society of Remote Sensing has decided to retract the paper (Zong and Kohani. 2021) for deliberately using the ideas, research content, and results of others without proper approval or citation. To preserve academic integrity, we take responsibility for enforcing ethical policies and proceeding with the follow-up actions: 1. Disclosure and preservation of the facts and reasons for the retraction of the plagiarized paper, 2. Prohibition of submissions for the next three years for the authors of the plagiarized paper, 3. Notification to the authors’ affiliated institution of the retraction of the plagiarized paper. We deeply regret to report for retraction of the article and apologize to the readers of KJRS and to the authors of the original work for any inconvenience caused.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.21
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• pp.99-127
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• 2003

Legal sources of fraud rule in documentary letter of credit, which have their origin in Sztejn Case can be traced to various rules or laws of international or domestic level ; URCG, URDG and ISP98 as ICC Rules, and UNCITRAL Convention as an international uniform law, and UCC as a domestic law and U.K. cases. Among them the combination of "material fraud" in UCC ${\S}5-109$ and the detailed list of the types of misconduct in UNCITRAL Convention may provide the best solution or standard in real application of the fraud rule in letter of credit transaction.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.633-673
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• 2021

Due to the differences between and distinct consumer perceptions of domestic and cross-border e-commerce (CBEC), e-consumer misconduct, which we call "cunning behavior," has emerged. This study examines cunning behavior in CBEC and compares e-consumer perceptions about environmental factors and their own personal traits using a vignette experiment and survey. The vignettes of this study were developed for three situations: illegal, deviant, and unethical behavior. Drawing on vignettes, we collected survey data and then examined the research model using the analysis of moment structure statistical tool. The results show that perceived benefit and past experience with CBEC are strong triggers for cunning behavior, while the ability to exercise self-control restrains this behavior. This study provides an understanding of why cunning behavior occurs in the CBEC context and describes different cunning behavior types.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.695-701
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• 2014

The Police force and other public sector organizations do not like non-ethical evaluation of their members and disclosure of evaluation results. However, it is essential for survival and growth of the organization to identify, measure and resolve accurately the non-ethical behaviors of their members. In this study, the dimensions of police officers' unethical behavior were categorized as negligence, personal use, dishonesty, and misconduct of police officers, and the level of those dimensions were measured. After that, the differences due to the individual and work environmental characteristics were explored. The result showed that the level of non-ethical behavior was lowerer than the average. And the differences was statistically significant according to gender, rank of organization, deployed department of the work, and the period of work duration. This implied the necessities of education of police ethics, ethical atmosphere, and establishment of ethical system per differences in individual and work environmental characteristics. Also, considering the fact that the low level of ethical behavior did not lead to ethical action in actual and the inherent problem in research method how frankly the respondents answered the negative self-evaluation, continuous interest in non-ethical behavior and further systemic research are needed in a dimension of personnel management.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.547-566
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• 2017

연구비의 부정은 연구부정행위(Research misconduct)와 연구비부정집행(Research grant fraud)으로 나눌 수 있다. 미국의 경우 연구비와 관련이 있는 이 두 행위에 대해 "부정청구방지법"을 적용시켜 강한 법집행을 하고 있다. 반면 한국의 경우는 부정적발사례는 수천 건에 달하나 사법처리까지 가는 경우는 매우 드물며, 처벌 수위가 솜방망이라 연구자들이 이에 대한 경각심이 부족하다. 미국의 대표적인 민사사례의 연구비 부정 집행 사례는 예일대학의 연구비 부정 집행이다. 예일 대학은 정부에 연구비를 부정하게 청구한 혐의로 760만 달러의 벌금을 냈다. 대표적인 형사사례는 최근에 발생한 Haifang Wen 연구비 횡령사건으로 현재 재판이 진행 중이며 최대 징역30년과 벌금 100만달러가 예상되고 있다. 반면 한국의 경우 대표적인 형사 사건으로는 xx대학의 연구 조작으로 인한 연구비 집행으로 징역2년에 집행유예3년으로 처리되었다. 미국의 사례를 바탕으로 한국의 연구비 부정사용을 효율적으로 방지하기 위해 다음과 같은 3가지 개혁이 필요하다. 첫째, 내부 고발자를 보호하고 고발자에게 강력한 인센티브를 제공하는 방향으로 법체계를 개혁해야 한다. 둘째, 연구비 부정사용에 대해서는 민 형사 상 가중처벌을 할 수 있도록 관련법을 개정해야 한다. 셋째, 연구비 부정이 발생하였을 경우 대학 산학 협력단 등 주관연구기관도 민사부문에 한해서는 연대책임을 지도록 관련법을 정비해야 한다.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.53-71
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• 2022

The overall purposes of this study are to identify actions taken to counter predatory publishing practices as well as to propose an ICT-based model to detect such practices. The need to raise quantitative performance metrics to support career goals has created immense pressure on researchers to publish in the literature as frequently as possible. This "publish or perish" syndrome appears to be fueling a rise in scholarly journals and conferences that provide quicker and easier routes to publication. However, such avenues sometimes involve questionable academic practices with important ethical ramifications. One notable example is the proliferation of predatory publishing, including predatory journals and fake conferences. The widening impact of such activities is beginning to prompt academic societies, publishers, and institutions to take measures. This paper discusses the issues on predatory publishing practices, and some of the actions taken by various stakeholders to address these practices. In order to build a transparent and sustainable scholarly publishing ecosystem, this study highlights multi-dimensional and specific solutions, including reforms to research ethics codes, research management rules, and legal protection from exploitative practices. This paper proposes an ICT-based cooperative model for monitoring of predatory publishers as a potential solution to create a sustainable and transparent infrastructure for a scholarly publication system guarding against misconduct in publishing practices.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.49-70
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• 2017

This study, as the basic research for making research records management policies, aims to define research records and analyze the value and characteristics of research records from an archives and records management perspective. For these purposes, this study defines research records and their types by reviewing related studies. In addition, this study analyzed the following research records values: (1) evidence of research integrity and accountability with regard to research misconduct; (2) information for a succeeding study and an honorable failure; and (3) an asset for intellectual property rights and technology transfer. Finally, this study extracted the following characteristics of the research records: (1) each type of documents, data, and materials; (2) the archival bond between program and records; and (3) the continuity of production and use of the records. The findings from this analysis could be considered in revising related laws and policies.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.173-206
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• 2019

This research examines the characteristic of regulation on Japanese clinical research in recent years. First, Japan has had a severe punishment policy on research misconduct like Korea, but, in recent days, Japan has changed the direction of research ethics policy from restriction to research publicness securement by educational training, in addition, Act of Clinical Research, effected April 2018, has recruited excellent researchers, and then integrated clinical research and medicine clinical trial through raising transparency of funding and integrating ethics screening by mandating announcement on funding information of clinical research. Second, Japan has integrated and organized ethics guideline from dual system that consists of ethics guideline on dynamic research(here after, referred to as 「dynamic guideline」) and ethics guideline on clinical research(here after, referred to as 「clinical guideline」) to ethics guideline on medical research aimed at human(here after, referred to as 「integrated guideline」), thus, it complements repetition and deficit of ethics guideline needed in clinical research and dynamic research, and it has risk evaluation system for protecting human subjects, and also it clarifies the concept of 「invasiveness」, a preliminary consideration of evaluation. 「Evaluation issue of risk and profit」, common contents of international regulation related clinical research, is the method to check whether the research is designed appropriately or not, this is the method for Institutional Review Board to decide whether the risk on human subjects could be justified, and also this is the important standard for future human subjects to participate in clinical trial. Therefore, it is meaningful to define 「invasiveness」 concept, a preliminary consideration of risk evaluation for human subjects. This research examines Japanese clinical trial focusing on change of awareness on prevention of research misconduct, efficiency improvement of research through research screening and integration of human subjects, and clarification and extension of range of 「invasiveness」 concept, a preliminary of risk evaluation to protect human subjects.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.15-20
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• 2014

Purpose - In general, researchers try to abide by the code of research ethics, but many of them are not fully aware of plagiarism, unintentionally committing the research misconduct when they write a research paper. This research aims to introduce researchers a clear and easy guideline at a conference, which helps researchers avoid accidental plagiarism by addressing the issue. This research is expected to contribute building a climate and encouraging creative research among scholars. Research design, data, methodology & Results - Plagiarism is considered a sort of research misconduct along with fabrication and falsification. It is defined as an improper usage of another author's ideas, language, process, or results without giving appropriate credit. Plagiarism has nothing to do with examining the truth or accessing value of research data, process, or results. Plagiarism is determined based on whether a research corresponds to widely-used research ethics, containing proper citations. Within academia, plagiarism goes beyond the legal boundary, encompassing any kind of intentional wrongful appropriation of a research, which was created by another researchers. In summary, the definition of plagiarism is to steal other people's creative idea, research model, hypotheses, methods, definition, variables, images, tables and graphs, and use them without reasonable attribution to their true sources. There are various types of plagiarism. Some people assort plagiarism into idea plagiarism, text plagiarism, mosaic plagiarism, and idea distortion. Others view that plagiarism includes uncredited usage of another person's work without appropriate citations, self-plagiarism (using a part of a researcher's own previous research without proper citations), duplicate publication (publishing a researcher's own previous work with a different title), unethical citation (using quoted parts of another person's research without proper citations as if the parts are being cited by the current author). When an author wants to cite a part that was previously drawn from another source the author is supposed to reveal that the part is re-cited. If it is hard to state all the sources the author is allowed to mention the original source only. Today, various disciplines are developing their own measures to address these plagiarism issues, especially duplicate publications, by requiring researchers to clearly reveal true sources when they refer to any other research. Conclusions - Research misconducts including plagiarism have broad and unclear boundaries which allow ambiguous definitions and diverse interpretations. It seems difficult for researchers to have clear understandings of ways to avoid plagiarism and how to cite other's works properly. However, if guidelines are developed to detect and avoid plagiarism considering characteristics of each discipline (For example, social science and natural sciences might be able to have different standards on plagiarism.) and shared among researchers they will likely have a consensus and understanding regarding the issue. Particularly, since duplicate publications has frequently appeared more than plagiarism, academic institutions will need to provide pre-warning and screening in evaluation processes in order to reduce mistakes of researchers and to prevent duplicate publications. What is critical for researchers is to clearly reveal the true sources based on the common citation rules and to only borrow necessary amounts of others' research.