• 한국항해학회지
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.57-68
• /
• 1993

The economy of Korea has grown up significantly in its scale. It has, therefore, become imperative to develop countermeasures to prevent work related injuries and occupational illnesses resultining from haza-rdous working conditions and handling harmful substances. A lot of cargo handling accident in port have occurred due to the characteristics of poor working environment, diversity of working place and method, fluctuation of the amount of cargo and handling of heavy, long, harmful and dangerous cargo, etc. According to '91 industrial accident analysis carried out by the ministry of labour, the number of the stevedores injured by cargo handling accident in port were 1, 432 persons (the death accident : 22 per-sons), the amount of industrial accident compensation in port was 6.7 billion won (the amount of economic loss : 33.6 billion won), and the injury occurance rate of the stevedoring industry was higher than that of the whole industry. This paper, therefore, aims to the actual status of the stevedoring industry and to extract the main cau-ses of the accidents related to cargo handling in port through factor analysis using the data of the accide-nts in the whole habour from 1990 to 1992, and to suggest the countermeasures to prevent such accident. The main causes of the accident and countermeasures are found to be as follows through the factor analy-sis : Factor1, factor2, and factor3 related to a defect of human being and management, a defect of state and environment, and an insufficiency of education and law are extracted. The short-term countermeasures to prevent these accidents are 1) to consolidate the safety and health organization in the working spot, 2) to secure a safe condition in working spot before dock work, 3) to strengthen a dock worker's safety educa-tion. The long-term countermeasures are 1) to promote a decasualisation of dock workers, 2) to modernize the cargo working methods through constructing exclusive pier and introducing exclusive cargo handling equipment, 3) to establish a exclusive dock accident prevention organization and the dock workers law. Factor 4, factor5, factor6, and factor7 related to an unfitness, a deficiency of technical knowledge, a nonfu-lfilment of safety measures, and a bad arrangement are extracted. The countermeasures to prevent these accidents are 1) to perform a complete safety inspection of cargo handling equipments and tools and to carry out the dock work according to a working plan, 2) to publish and supply technical safety books, safety instruction book, safety check list, etc., 3) to strengthen the safety patrol at the working spot in habour and to activate a safety fund, 4) to maintain always a clean workshop with the safety consciousness in which the good arragement of the working spot is considered to be the beginning of safety.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보통신학회 2018년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.584-587
• /
• 2018

마우스 간염 바이러스, 코로나, 홍역 및 sindbis 바이러스와 같은 많은 바이러스가 쥐의 신경계에서 수초 형성의 파괴를 의미하는 탈수 초 유도의 원인 바이러스로 알려져 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 슈반 세포와 신경 세포의 공동 배양에 의한 수초화와 쥐의 sindbis 바이러스 감염에 의한 탈수초화에 의한 수초화 과정을 연구하는 데 있다. 쥐의 배아의 (Dorsal root ganglion, DRG)에서 슈반 (Schwann) 세포와 신경 세포 (neuronal cell)를 in vitro에서 배양 하였다. 유사 분열 억제인자로 처리한 신경세포와 정제 된 Schwann 세포를 갖는 공동 배양을 하였다. 그 후,이 수초화 된 공동 배양 시스템에 sindbis 바이러스 감염이 수행되었다. 수초 형성의 존재를 의미하는 peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP 22) 항체를 사용하여 수초 형성 및 탈수초화 과정을 관찰 하였다. 우리는 수초화 된 뉴런의 존재를 의미하는 말초 myelin 단백질 22 (PMP 22)의 항체를 사용하여 수초화 및 탈수초 과정을 확인하였다. 이 연구는 과학 기술부, ICT 및 미래 계획 (NRF-2015R1C1A1A01053484 및 2017R1A2B3005753)이 자금을 지원하는 국립 연구 재단 (NRF)을 통한 기초 연구 프로그램의 지원을 받았다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.213-225
• /
• 2021

Objectives: This study identifies the trends in possible and probable occupational disease among chromium workers and reviews the literature on domestic and foreign chromium workers to review the industries, biological exposure levels, and major results. Methods: The results of the Ministry of Employment and Labor's special health-screening program for hazard agents among workers from 2009 to 2019 were used. Also, the industries, biological exposure levels, and major results on chromium workers were reviewed using PubMed and RISS. Results: The average annual proportion of both possible and probable occupational disease for chromium workers has recently increased. The average annual proportion of possible and probable occupational disease that can occur was high for both men and women in their 60s or older by age and 10 to 14 years by work duration. By industry, possible occupational disease showed high in manufacturing. In the literature review, many electroplating-related chromium-workers reported high levels of exposure to blood and urine chromium, as did dental technicians; tannery, tile factory or glass mill workers; cement workers; and sodium bichromate workers. Furthermore, a number of main findings in recent studies have reported that chromium exposure is related to genetic toxicity among workers. Conclusions: In this study, the average annual rate of both possible and probable occupational disease in domestic chromium workers is increasing, and a body of literature shows that chromium exposure is related to genetic toxicity and associated indicators among workers, which requires more systematic study.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.461-472
• /
• 2004

Objectives : For the screening of neuroprotective effects of medicinal herbs, the complex system of animal models suffer some disadvantages in controlling critical parameters such as blood pressure and body temperature. Additionally, application of drugs to the appropriate brain area sometimes is difficult, due to poor permeability though the blood brain barrier, and so potential protective effects might be masked. Methods : Organotypic hippocampal slice culture (OHSC) method has the advantages of being relatively easy to prepare and of maintaining the general structure, including tissue integrity and the connections between cells. Drugs can easily be applied and neuronal damage can easily be quantified by using tissues and culture media. This study demonstrates neuroprotective effects of Puerariae radix (葛根, PR), Salviae miltiorrhizae radix (丹蔘, SR), Rhei rhizoma (大黃, RR), and Bupleuri radix (柴胡, BR). These were screenedand compared to MK-801, antagonist of NMDA receptors, by using OHSC of 1 week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. Oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) were conducted in an anaerobic chamber $(85%\;N_2,\;10%\;CO_2\;and\;5%\;H_2)$ in a deoxygenated glucose-free medium for 60 minutes. Water extracts of each herbs were treated to culture media with $5\;{\mu}g/ml$ for 48 hours. Results : Neuronal cell death in the cultures was monitored by densitometric measurements of the cellular uptake of propidium iodide (PI). PI fluorescence images were obtained at 48 hours after the OGD and medicinal herb treatment. Also TUNEL-positive cells in the CAI and DG regions and LDH concentrations in culture media were measured at 48 hours after the OGD. According to measured data, MK-801, PR, SR and BR demonstrated significant neuroprotective effect against excessive neuronal cell death and apoptosis induced by the OGD insult. Especially, PR revealed similar neuroprotective effect to MK-801 and RR demonstrated weak neuroprotective effect. Conclusions : These results suggest that OHSC can be a suitable method for screening of neuroprotective effects of medicinal herbs. (This work was supported by the research program of Dongguk University and Grant 01-PJ9-PG1-01CO03-0003 from Ministry of Health & Welfare.)

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권8호
• /
• pp.3841-3850
• /
• 2012

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the knowledge and perceptions of Malaysian tradition healers towards cancer and cancer prevention. Methodology: A total of 25 participants agreed to participate in this qualitative study during the period from $20^{th}$ July 2011 until $24^{th}$ of September 2011. The proposal of this study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Management and Science University (MSU). Once the participant agreed to be interviewed, date, time and place of the interviews were determined. Consent form was obtained from participants before the interview began. Participants were briefed about the study and its purpose, and after asking their permissions, their replies were recorded. The data was organized into themes and analyzed manually. Results: Twenty-five Malaysian traditional healers participated in this qualitative study. The age of participants ranged between 26 to 78 years old. The majority were in the age group of 31-60 years old, male, Chinese, degree holders with a monthly income ranging from 1,000-5,000 Ringgit Malaysia (RM) and were married (56%, 80%, 48%, 52%, 68%, 84% respectively). The majority defined cancer as having high cholesterol or abscess accumulation. A few of them defined cancer as a type of cell growth. The majority mentioned that food and unhealthy lifestyles are the primary causes of cancer. Surprisingly some of them mentioned that cancer is caused by interference by ghosts. Regarding the diagnosis of cancer, the majority mentioned that they refer their patients to modern physicians' medical report when it comes to diagnosing or treating patients with cancer. The most common cancers that many patients came to seek treatment were breast cancers, followed by colon cancers, liver and lung cancers. Conclusions: Despite good knowledgeabout the causes of cancer among traditional healers, misconceptions still exist. Insufficient knowledge about the definition of cancer was noted among the traditional healers. This urges immediate action by the Ministry of Health of Malaysia to set up a strict regulation and regular monitoring of the traditional healers nationally. Traditional and Complementary Medicine may be integrated into the healthcare system and need to have sustained cooperation for the benefit of patients since about 80% of patients use traditional medicines.

• 대한치과기공학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.143-159
• /
• 2003

In this study, the data and the Statistical Annual Report of the Korean Dental Technology Association and the yearbook of Health-Welfare Ministry from 1990 to 2002 were surveyed to study and analyze the yearly increase rate and regional distribution rate of the national dental laboratories and dental clinics, the rate of dental laboratories to dental clinics. The purpose of the thesis is to help dental technicians to open the rational and effective dental laboratory which considers the regional condition and the distribution of dental clinics. The result of the study is as follows; 1) The yearly increase rate of overall dental laboratories is 2.01 times to 2002 by the criteria of 1990. The most laboratories was increased in 1995(+94) but the least laboratories was increased in 2000(+13). According to the regional increase rate, Kyounggi Association showed the highest increase rate (7.00 times) but Woolsan Association showed the least increase rate (1.45 times) for the past 5 years. Busan Association had increased by 1.47 times by the criteria of 1990. 2) According to the regional distribution rate of dental laboratories, Seoul area showed the highest distribution rate from the minimum 26.72%(in 2002) to the maximum 35.23%(in 1990) every year, and before 1993, Busan area showed the high distribution rate of 12.49% and Daegu area 12.38%. 3) In the case of the national increase rate, dental clinics had increased by 2.01 times to 2001 by the criteria of 1990 and dental laboratories, whose number was 1,482 in 2002, had increased by 2.01 times to that year. The rate of the national dental laboratories to dental clinics went up an average of 1: 7.57 for 12 years. In 1994, the rate showed the highest 1:7.91 and in 1990, the rate showed the least 1:7.17. 4) The metropolitan rate of dental laboratories to dental clinics showed the average of 1:6.70 for 12 years, and the rate was highest in 1992(1:7.15) and the rate lowest in 1999(1:6.33). 5) The rate of dental laboratories to dental clinics in other areas was 1:9.53, the average of 12 years and was highest in 1991(1:9.97) and was lowest in 1990(1:8.79). (6) The rate of the Korean dental laboratories to dental clinics was 1:7.37 in 2001, the metropolitan rate was 1:6.53 and the rate in other areas was 1:9.10. According to the regional distribution rate, the rate of Kyounggi was highest (1:15.58) and the rate of Daegu was lowest(1:3.03).

• 대한정형외과학회지
• /
• 제56권4호
• /
• pp.305-309
• /
• 2021

목적: 단일 병원 조직은행에서 건강보험심사평가원의 병력 및 투약 이력 조회 시행 후 기증된 대퇴골두의 폐기가 증가하고 있어 이에 대한 분석을 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2009년부터 2018년까지 본원에 기증된 대퇴골두 총 340개를 대상으로 식약처 조직은행 표준 모델을 토대로 작성된 본원 조직은행 표준운영지침에 따른 항목별 폐기율 및 폐기율 변화를 분석하였다. 결과: 2009년부터 2018년까지 채취된 대퇴골두 323개 중 총 107개(33%)가 폐기되었고, 그 중 2015년부터 2018년까지 채취된 대퇴골두는 142개 중 65개(46%)가 폐기되었다. 가장 많은 원인을 차지하는 이유는 치매 병력 관련, 핵의학 검사 시 사용하는 방사성 동위원소 투여와 관련되었다. 결론: 현재의 기증 조직 적합성 선별방식으로 채취된 조직을 폐기할 시에는 사용 가능한 조직을 폐기하는 오류가 발생할 수 있다. 따라서 개선된 기준 및 선별 방식 마련이 필요하다.

• 대한화상학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.12-15
• /
• 2016

Purpose: Firefighters are vulnerable to burn injury during firefighting. In extensive fires, conducted heat and radiant heat can cause burn injury even though firefighters are not directly exposed to fire. There has been increasing interest in the health problems of firefighters considerably since Hongje-dong fire of 2001, which claimed the lives of six fireman. However, there have been no studies done on the characteristics of firefighter burn injuries in South Korea. Therefore, we investigated the characteristics of firefighter burn injuries in a burn center. Methods: A retrospective, single-center research was performed between Jan 2006 to Dec 2015. 24 firefighters came to the burn center. The electronic medical records of patients were reviewed. Results: Flame burns (87.5%) were the major cause of burn in firefighter. All the patients suffered second-degree or third-degree burns. Mean burn size was 6.1±6.7%. 22 of 24 patients were hospitalized and 2 of 22 hospitalized patients admitted to intensive care unit. Mean length of hospitalization was 29.1±23.7 days and mean length of intensive care unit hospitalization was 6.0±1.4 days. The face was the site most commonly burned, representing 25.8% of injuries. The hand/wrist, upper extremity, and neck were the next largest groups, with 19.4, 12.9, 11.3% of the injuries, respectively. Conclusion: Firefighter burn injuries occur to predictable anatomic sites with common injury patterns. The burn size was small but, admitted patients need about 30 days of hospitalization.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제54권2호
• /
• pp.181-185
• /
• 2016

Human sparganosis is a zoonotic disease caused by infection with larval forms (procercoid/plerocercoid) of Spirometra spp. The purpose of this study was to identify Spirometra spp. of infected snakes using a multiplex PCR assay and phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequence data from the spargana of terrestrial snakes obtained from Korea and China. A total of 283 snakes were obtained that included 4 species of Colubridae comprising Rhabdophis tigrinus tigrinus (n=150), Dinodon rufozonatum rufozonatum (n=64), Elaphe davidi (n=2), and Elaphe schrenkii (n=7), and 1 species of Viperidae, Agkistrodon saxatilis (n=60). The snakes were collected from the provinces of Chungbuk, Chungnam, and Gyeongbuk in Korea (n=161), and from China (n=122). The overall infection rate with spargana was 83% (235/283). The highest was recorded for D. rufozonatum rufozonatum (100%), followed by A. saxatilis (85%) and R. tigrinus tigrinus (80%), with a negative result for E. davidi (0%) and E. schrenkii (0%). The sequence identities between the spargana from snakes (n=50) and Spirometra erinaceieuropaei (KJ599680) or S. decipiens (KJ599679) control specimens were 90.8% and 99.2%, respectively. Pairwise genetic distances between spargana (n=50) and S. decipiens ranged from 0.0080 to 0.0107, while those between spargana and S. erinaceieuropaei ranged from 0.1070 to 0.1096. In this study, all of the 904 spargana analyzed were identified as S. decipiens either by a multiplex PCR assay (n=854) or mitochondrial cox1 sequence analysis (n=50).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.425-432
• /
• 2010

Staphylococcus intermedius is a common cause of otitis externa, pyoderma, and wound infections in companion animals. Although S. intermedius infections are rare in humans, it is zoonotic, with several case reports describing fatal human infections. Presently, we sought to isolate S. intermedius strains from various sources at animal hospitals nationwide in Korea, examine their antibiotic susceptibilities, and determine the possibility of horizontal transmission between animals and humans. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pFGE) was used to compare the mecA gene in S. intermedius strains from humans, animals, and the environment in animal hospitals. A total of 119 S. intermedius strains were isolated from 529 samples. Using the disk diffusion method, over 90% of the isolates were found to be susceptible to cephalothin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, vancomycin, imipenem, nitroflurantoin, and amikacin, whereas 97.5% and 98.3% of the isolates were resistant to penicillin and ampicillin, respectively. Among the 39 S. intermedius strains harboring mecA, similar PFGE patterns were observed between seven isolates from an animal, two isolates from veterinary staff, and the environment in one animal hospital, and single isolates from an animal and a veterinarian at another hospital. This result suggests the possibility of horizontal transmission of S. intermedius containing mecA between humans, animals, and the environment in animal hospitals and also emphasizes on the importance of S. intermedius with mecA as a possible emerging threat to public health.