• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.85-91
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• 2017

To develop a pressurized chemical looping combustor, effect of pressure on minimum fluidization velocity and transition velocity to fast fluidization was investigated in a two-interconnected pressurized fluidized bed system using oxygen carrier particle. The minimum fluidization velocity was measured by bed pressure drop measurement with variation of gas velocity. The measured minimum fluidization velocity decreased as the pressure increased. The transition velocity to fast fluidization was measured by emptying time method and decreased as the pressure increased. Gas velocity in the fuel reactor should be greater than the minimum fluidization velocity and gas velocity in the air reactor should be greater than the transition velocity to fast fluidization to ensure proper operation of two interconnected fluidized bed system.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.707-713
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• 2008

Characteristics of minimum fluidization velocity and pressure fluctuations were investigated in an annular fluidized bed whose diameter was 0.102 m and 2.0 m in height. Effects of gas velocity, particle size and bed temperature on the minimum fluidization velocity and pressure fluctuations were examined. The values of minimum fluidization velocity obtained by means of three different methods were very similar each other. The correlation dimension could be a quantitative parameter for expression the resultant complex behavior of gas and solid mixture in the annular fluidized bed. The value of correlation dimension increased with increasing gas velocity, fluidized particle size and temperature in the bed. The minimum fluidization velocity could be determined by means of correlation dimension of pressure fluctuations as well as pressure drop in the bed and standard deviation of pressure fluctuations. The minimum fluidization velocity increased with increasing particle size but decreased with increasing bed temperature in annular fluidized beds. The minimum fluidization velocity was well correlated in therms of correlation dimension as well as operating variables within experimented conditions of this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.120-126
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• 1993

This work was carried out to investigate the effects of solid mass flow rate, mean particle diameter and mesh number of screen packing material on minimum carrying velocity, which defined as the superficial gas velocity of the upper limit of chocking phenomenon. Vertical pneumatic conveying was studied on a 4.6cm 1. D. pipe, 180cm in length. Experiments were performed in both the empty and the screen-packed pipe. It was also examined the effect of superficial gas velocity, solid mass flow, mean particle diameter, and mesh number of packing material on pressure drop. Minimum carrying velocity in screen packed-pipe was lower than that in an empty pipe. besides minimum carrying velocity was decreased with increase in mesh number of screen packing material. The pressure drop In vortical packed-pipe was Increased with superficial gas velocity, mean particle diameter, and mesh number of screen packing material.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06d
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• pp.208-213
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• 2001

The minimum heat flux conditions are experimentally investigated for the subcooled liquid film flow on the horizontal plate. The experimental results show that the minimum heat flux point temperature becomes higher with the increase of the velocity and the subcooling of the liquid film flow. However, the effect of distance from the leading edge of the heat transfer plate on the minimum heat flux is almost negligible. Also, the experimental results show that the propagation velocity of wetting front increase with increasing the velocity and the subcooling of the liquid film flow.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.8 no.6 s.33
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• pp.15-25
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• 2005

Check valves playa vital role in the operation and protection of nuclear power plants. Check valves failure in nuclear power plants often lead to a plant transient or trip. The analysis of historical failure data gives information on the populations of various types of check valves, the systems they are installed in, failure modes, effects, methods of detection, and the mechanisms of the failures. A majority of check valve failures are caused by improper application. The experimental apparatus is designed and installed to measure the disc positions with flow velocity, Vopen and Vmin for 3 inch and 6 inch swing check valves. The minimum flow velocity necessary to just open the disc at a full open position is referred to as Vopen, and Vmin is defined as the minimum velocity to fully open the disc and hold it without motion. In the experiments, Vmin is determined as the minimum flow velocity at which the back stop load begins to increase after the disc is fully opened or the oscillation level of disc is reduced below $1^{\circ}$. The results show that the Vmin velocities for 3 inch and 6 inch swing check valves are about 27.3% and 17.5% higher than the Vopen velocities, respectively.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.12a
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• pp.555-561
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• 2003

The experimental apparatus is designed and installed to measure the disc positions with flow velocity, $V_{open}\;and\;V_{min}$ for 3 inch and 6 inch swing check valves. The minimum flow velocity necessary to just open the disc at a full open position is referred to as $V_{open}\;and\;V_{min}$ is defined as the minimum velocity to fully open the disc and hold it without motion. In the experiments, $V_{min}$ is determined as the minimum flow velocity at which the back stop load begins to increase after the disc is idly opened or the oscillation level of disc is reduced below $1^{\circ}$. The results show that the $V_{min}$ velocities for 3 inch and 6 inch swing check valves are about 15.6% and 4.8% higher than the $V_{open}$ velocities, respectively. Although the experiments were done with the stable uniform flow, additional experiments will be performed to determine the effects of the upstream disturbances.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.55-69
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• 1996

Backwashing is one of the most important processes in water treatment. Several models have been utilized to predict minimum fluidization velocity and expansion of media. However, it is not unusual that the actual bahavior of media dose not agree well with the prediction. This study has investigated the applicability of models in predicting the minimum fluidization velocity of sand media. However even the better model has predicted minimum fluidization velocity 1.1 to 1.8 times higher than actual fluidization velocity. The expansion rate of sand media was inspected. It is found that the actual expansion rate was greater than the predicted. In this study condition, use of $d_{10}$ instead of $d_{60}$ was better to predict the expansion of media. On the contrary to the sand media, the actual expansion of anthracite media was less than that predicted. Sometimes it is reported that the dual media has been overflown during backwashing and mixed severely at the interface. It is because the grain size distribution of anthracite has not been selected properly. The numerical values for media expansion found in this study could be referred as the useful data in operating and/or designing filter media.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.635-641
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• 2018

To select the operating condition of 0.5 MWth chemical looping combustion system, minimum fluidization velocity, transition velocity to fast fluidization and solid circulation rate were measured using mass produced new oxygen carrier (N016-R4) which produced by spray drying method for 0.5 MWth chemical looping combustion system. A minimum fluidization velocity decreased as the pressure increased. The measured transition velocity to fast fluidization was 2.0 m/s at ambient temperature and pressure. The measured solid circulation rate increased as the solid control valve opening increased. We could control the solid circulation rate from 26 to $93kg/m^2s$. Based on the measured minimum fluidization velocity and transition velocity to fast fluidization, we choose appropriate operating conditions and demonstrated continuous solid circulation at high pressure condition (5 bar-abs) up to 24 hours.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 1996

This paper presents a self tuning method of a velocity type PID controller for minimum or non-minimum phase systems with time delays. The velocity type PID control structure is determined in the process of minimizing the variance of the auxilliary output, and self tuning effect is achieved through the recursive least square algorithm at the parameter estimation stage and also through the Robbins-Monro algorithm at the stage of optimizing a design parameter. This method is simple and effective compared with other existing methods[1,2]. Numerical examples are included to illustrate the procedure and to show the performance of the control system.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.960-965
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• 2001

The minimum heat flux conditions are experimentally investigated for the subcooled liquid film flow on the horizontal plate. The experimental results show that the minimum heat flux point temperature becomes higher with the increase of the velocity and the subcooling of the liquid film flow. However, the effect of distance from the leading edge of the heat transfer plate on the minimum heat flux is almost negligible. Also, the experimental results show that the propagation velocity of wetting front increases with increasing the velocity and the subcooling of the liquid film flow.