• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.397-415
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• 2004

This study surveyed differences among KS, ISO, JIS and ANSI ophthalmic spectacle lenses standards. These standards applied to several lenses that were in common currency and we checked over problems and improvements in KS. KS corresponded to ISO, for the most part, and ANSI, partly. But terms, definitions, progressive power lenses standards, UV transmittance and base curves clauses did not exist in KS. There was no differences between nominal data and actual data in important clauses estimation-minimum requirements on refractive power, tolerances on the size of lenses, material and surface quality. But tolerances of thickness, base curves, UV and visible transmittance values were not existing, there were differences among several ophthalmic spectacle lenses in the test of these clauses. These requirements will be needed for better and more comfortable vision.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.24 no.7B
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• pp.1305-1312
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• 1999

To improve the quality of standards of information and communication, well-structured testing and certification procedure for interoperability must be established. Thus, the testing and certification by well-known organizations is very imperative to verify whether standards meet requirements of minimum components properly that are essential to implement products and services in practice focusing on interoperability testing area. In this paper, we investigate cases of abroad and the current situation of our country in order to establish the well-structured testing and certification system and promote researches for the testing and certification system as a national policy in coincidence with revision of relating systems in interoperability testing area. And then we intend to introduce desirable direction for the testing and certification system.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.683-689
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• 2005

The consecutive combination process of a biological process as the pre-treatment and a chemical process as the post-treatment is applied for the dyeing wastewater. The poor efficiency of biological treatment using pure oxygen makes the chemical treatment cost high. It is necessary to improve the efficiency of biological treatment in order to reduce the cost of chemical treatment. The purpose of this paper is to find the minimum dose of chemical reagent to fit the Discharged Water Quality Standards for the different biological treatment effluents. Results revealed that the minimum dosage of Fenton's reagent lead to save the cost of chemical treatment based on the guideline dose in the treatment plant. The possible maximum saving reagents was up to $70\%$ for the effluent of the pilot plant packed with the carrier imbedded microorganisms which were selected from the present treatment plant.

• Water for future
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.159-169
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• 1983

In this paper, a linear programming was used for determining the optimum efficiency required of each wastwater treatment facility and minimum total treatment casts in order to meet any set of stream dissolved oxygen standards within a river basin. The optimum solution of water quality control which was obtained with the inventory equation of Camp-Dobbins' equation incorporated into the constraints of linear programming was compared with that of Streeter-Phelps' equation. It can be concluded that correlation coefficient was 0.997. Then the linear programming incorporating the inventory equation of selected streeter-Phelps equation was used in order to obtain the optimum solution of water quality control based on data form the Nakdong River.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2014

'Hanareum' pear is expected to produce the high quality small and medium-sized fruits without any major changes in the current cultivation techniques, inasmuch as its basic characteristics are already included in the range of small and medium-sized fruits. Thus, we tested the possibility of utilization of 'Hanareum' pear for producing small and medium-sized fruits, while establishing the limit of minimum fruit weight for the fruits in high quality. With the results of correlation analysis, it was possible to predict the fruit weight through the observation of soluble solid contents and flesh firmness, because both factors were closely correlated to fruit weight in all treatments. Moreover, these factors were confirmed to be useful indicators of forecasting consumer preference in the sensory evaluation. The fruit marketability was excellent under the conditions that were greater than $11.6^{\circ}Bx$ and less than 25.6 N for soluble solid contents and flesh firmness, respectively. When applying these standards of fruit quality to the results of regression analysis for fruit weight, non-treated fruits fulfilled both standards when the fruit weight was higher than 436 g, and the quality uniformity was also high on this state. Therefore, the production of high quality small and medium-sized fruits was determined to be under this condition. The weight limit for GA treated fruits was 620 g, and both fruit quality and uniformity were below the weight range of small and medium-sized fruits, with 300~500 g. Thus, GA treatment was suggested to be avoided, in order to produce the high quality small and medium-sized fruits.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.77-95
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• 1986

In 1962 the governing bodies of FAO and WHO approved the establishment of a joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, the creation of a jointly sponsored body to be known as the Codex Alimentarius commission to implement the Programme. It can reasonably be claimed that the Commission has assumad the leading role in establishing internation food standards throughout the world. The Codex Committee of Food Hygiene has received much advice and assistance from other international organization which have been working in this field for a number of years. In particular, it has received valuable background documentation from the International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods(ICMSF) which was set up by the International Association of Microbiological Societies(IAMS), and also from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Nevertheless, in spite of the information supplied by governments and research bodies in this field, microbiological standards have proved to be a highly controversial subject from the point of view of Codex standards. When it is decided to establish a microbiological standard for a food or class of foods, the following technical and administrative aspects must be considered: 1) The standard should be based on factual studies and serve one or more of the following objectives: (1) to determine the conditions of hygiene under which the food should be manufactured; (2) to minimize the hazards to public health; (3) to measure the keeping quality and storage potential of the food 2) The standard should be attainable under practicable operating and commercial conditions and should not entail the use of excessive heat treatment or the additions of extra preservatives. 3) The standard should be determined after investigation of the processing operation. 4) The standard should be as simple and inexpensive to administer as possible, the number of tests being kept to a minimum. 5) Details of methods to be used for sampling, examining and reporting should accompany all published microbiological standards. 6) In establishing tolerance levels for the permissible number of defective samples, allowance should be made for sampling and other variations due to differences in the laboratory methods. The following additional points should be kept in mind: 1) It is not satisfactory to establish one set of microbiological standards for a miscellaneous group of foods, such as“frozen foods”or“precooked foods”. 2) Microbiological standards should be applied first to the more hazardous types of food on the basis of experience of expected microbiological levels, taking into account variations in composition, processing procedures, and storage. 3) When a standard is established, there should be a definite relationship between the standard and the hazard against which it is meant to protect the public. 4) The sensitivity, reliability, and reproducibility of the sampling and analytical methods should be compared in different laboratories and the methods to be used should be specified in detail as part of the standard. 5) Tolerances should be included in the standard to account for inaccuracies of sampling and analysis. 6) Standards should be applied on a voluntary basis before compliance is made mandatory.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.284-289
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• 2003

In this study, the prediction on the quality of tools after coating process has been investigated. Under different coating conditions, cutting resistances have been obtained and analyzed with a tool dynamometer to provide optimized coating conditions. The optimized coating conditions Lhave been computed with the most effective factors found by S/N ratio of Taguchi method. To evaluate the influence of the factors on cutting efficiency through the minimum of number of experiment times, the way of neural network design using Taguchi method has been employed.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.113-118
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• 2007

As the economic living standards are higher, the demands for more comfortable living space are also larger. In the response of this requirements, studies for improving indoor air environment have been conducted. In case of newly-built apartment buildings, the standard for the minimum ventilation to improve their indoor air quality was made. This study analysed the experimental results from the mock-up test of the hybrid ventilation system which is composed of natural and mechanical ventilation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2012.10a
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• pp.49-50
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• 2012

This paper investigates the mandatory minimum requirements for certification of officers in charge of a navigational watch on ship specified in the international convention of STCW. The training education and evaluation systems for navigational competence of Korean navy were compared and analyzed. The paper suggests adjustment of the evaluation range, increment of evaluation items, diversification of evaluation types, differentiation of certification-related education by officer's commissioning program in order to improve the PQS system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.75-79
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• 2006

The United States Food and Drug Administration is responsible for ensuring US residents receive safe and effective medicines. Since blood levels of drugs are correlated with pharmacological effect, FDA closely regulates how those blood levels are measured. The FDA has established requirements for bioanalytical analyses such as minimum method validation, SOP, and reporting criteria. The FDA also has standards for computer validation which must be followed to ensure the data are reliable. Data presented to the Agency are scrutinized to ensure they are accurate and a true reflection of the raw data generated in a study. To verify the quality of data, FDA has developed an inspection program. The specific requirements of the FDA related to bioanalysis will be discussed.