• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.1175-1181
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• 2011

최근 의료 환경에 도입되고 있는 가상 의료 시뮬레이션을 통한 실습 교육은 학습 효과를 최대화한다. 특히 최소 침습적 수술 분야에서 가상 수술 의료 시뮬레이션의 필요성이 매우 증가하고 있다. 최소 침습적 수술 환경에서 많이 발생하는 소작 효과는 단순 출혈 효과로 표현되고 있어 아직까지 현실감이 있는 소작 효과 애니메이션 기술은 제안되지 않고 있다. 본 논문에서는 사실적인 실시간 소작 애니메이션 기법을 제안한 다. 제안 기법은 메쉬의 정점에 대한 칼라 값을 구성하는 각 요소 색상을 개별적으로 변화시키고, sigmoid 함수를 이용한 가중치 부여로 유효 영역 메쉬 내부의 부드러운 색상 변화를 통하여 사실적이고, 자연스러운 소작 효과의 애니메이션이 가능하였다. 또한, 소작 칼라 버퍼를 제안하여 중첩된 소작 효과 애니메이션도 자연스럽게 표현하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 기법은 가상 수술 의료 시뮬레이션의 현실감, 몰입감을 크게 증진시켜 이러한 시뮬레이션을 사용하는 의사 혹은 의대생들에 대한 교육의 효과를 극대화시킬 수 있다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제39권
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• pp.32.1-32.5
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• 2017

Background: Osteochondroma is a benign tumor that tends to develop in mandibular condyle and coronoid process in the craniofacial region. If tumor mass has grown from condyle into the infratemporal space with zygomatic arch obstructing the access, there are risks associated with surgical exposure and local resection of these masses. Case presentation: This study reports on a case of osteochondroma on mandibular condylar head where we treated with surgical excision via preauricular approach with 3D analysis. After the local resection, there were no surgical and post-operative complications until 8-month follow-up period. Conclusions: In local excision of osteochondroma, our method is a minimally invasive method. It is a good example of osteochondroma treatment.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.356-360
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• 2016

Background: The standard approach in treating cardiac myxoma is the median full sternotomy. With the evolution of surgical techniques, the right minithoracotomy approach has emerged as an alternative method. Since few studies have been published assessing the right minithoracotomy approach, we performed a retrospective study to compare the clinical outcomes of the right minithoracotomy approach with those of the sternotomy approach. Methods: From January 2005 to December 2014, 203 patients underwent resection of a cardiac myxoma. Patients with preexisting cardiac problems were excluded from this study. 146 patients were enrolled in this study; 83 patients were treated using a median sternotomy and 63 patients were treated using a right minithoracotomy. Results: No early mortalities were recorded in either group. Although the cardiopulmonary bypass time and aorta cross-clamp time were significantly shorter in the sternotomy group (p<0.001 and p=0.005), postoperative blood transfusions and arrhythmia events were significantly less common in the thoracotomy group (p=0.004 and p=0.025, respectively). No significant differences were found in the duration of the hospital stay, postoperative intubation time, the duration of the intensive care unit stay, and recurrence. Conclusion: The minimally invasive right minithoracotomy approach is a good alternative method for treating cardiac myxoma because it was found to be associated with a lower incidence of postoperative complications and a shorter postoperative recovery period.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.379-382
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• 1999

배경: 최소 흉골절개술에 의한 심장수술은 전통적인 정중흉골절개술보다 절개창의 크기가 작고 환자에게 술후 빠른 회복과 상처에 대한 만족감을 줄 수 있는 장점이 있다. 대상 및 방법: 인제대학교 부산백병원 흉부외과에서는 1998년 4월부터 7월까지 최소 흉골절개술에 의한 심장수술 25례를 시행하였다. 대상환자의 평균나이는 30세, 평균체표면적은 1.5m2이었고 성별로는 남자 10명, 여자 15명이었으며 10세 미만 소아도 4명이었다. 수술은 승모판막질환 10례, 심실중격결손증 4례, 심방중격결손증 11례를 대상으로 하여 피부를 3번 늑간에서부터 검상돌기의 끝까지 정중 흉부선을 따라 절개하였다. 결과: 피부절개창의 길이는 평균 11cm이고 흉골은 2번 늑간에서 하부까지 정중절개하였는데 대상환자중 4례에서는 좌우 2번 늑간으로 T형, 17례에서는 좌측 2번 늑간으로 J형 횡절개를 하였고, 소아 4례에서는 횡절개를 하지않았다. 최소절개에 의한 합병증은 없었고 통증이 적으며 수술후 중환자실 치료시간은 평균 20시간으로 짧아 환자와 가족들의 만족도는 높았다. 결론: 최소 흉골절개술에 의한 심장수술은 전통적인 정중흉골 절개술보다 환자의 회복이 빠르고 미용적 만족도도 높을 뿐만 아니라 최소절개로 인한 합병증도 없어 향후 이러한 수술법의 적용이 증가할 것으로 예상된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.598-604
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• 2008

배경: 내시경 장비와 수술 로봇의 발달로 작은 절개를 이용한 최소 침습적 심장수술이 점점 증가하고 있으나 이에 대한 수술 결과를 고식적인 수술 방법과 비교, 분석한 국내 보고는 드문 편이다. 대상 및 방법: 2005년 12월부터 2007년 6월까지 수술용 내시경 로봇(AESOP2000)을 이용하여 심장수술을 받은 48명(A군)과 동 기간에 정중흉골절개로 수술을 받은 50명(B군)을 후향적으로 조사하여 수술 시간, 수술 결과, 술 후 통증, 회복 정도 등을 객관적으로 비교, 분석하였다. 결과: 수술 사망은 없었으며 술 후 합병증 발생률도 두 군간에 큰 차이는 없었다. 평균 수술시간($292.7{\pm}61.7$분, $264.0{\pm}47.9$분; p=0.01), 체외순환시간($(128.4{\pm}37.6$분, $101.7{\pm}32.5$분; p<0.01)은 A군에서 더 길었으나 대동맥차단시간 ($82.1{\pm}35.0$분, $87.8{\pm}113.5$분; p=0.74), 평균 인공호흡기 사용시간($18.0{\pm}18.4$시, $19.7{\pm}9.7$시; p=0.57)은 차이가 없었으며 중환자실 평균 입원시간($53.2{\pm}40.2$시, $72.8{\pm}42.1$시; p=0.02) 및 평균 재원기간($9.7{\pm}7.2$일, $14.8{\pm}11.9$일; p=0.01)은 A군에서 더 짧았다. 입원기간 중 수혈을 받은 환자는 B군에서 더 많았으며 평균 수혈양도 B군에서 더 많았으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다(p=0.06). 술 후 1주에서 4주까지 통증 점수는 A군에서 의미 있게 적었으며 일상생활의 수행 능력을 측정하는 듀크 활동상태지수 (Duke activity status Index)에 따른 기능 점수(functional status score)는 A군에서 현저하게 높았다. 술 후 심초음파 결과 승모판 성형술을 시행한 환자의 역류 정도($0.7{\pm}1.0,\;0.9{\pm}0.9$; p=0.60)와 삼첨판 성형술을 시행한 환자의 역류 정도($1.0{\pm}0.9,\;1.1{\pm}1.0$; p=0.89)는 두 군간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 판막주위유출은 각각 1명의 환자에게 있었으며 그 외 판막 관련 합병증은 없었다. 결론: 본 연구 결과 로봇을 이용한 치소 침습적 심장수술은 수술 후 통증 감소, 환자의 빠른 회복, 미용적인 효과, 짧은 입원기간 등의 장점뿐만 아니라 수술 성적도 고식적 수술 방법에 비해 떨어지지 않음이 확인되었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.1110-1115
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• 1998

식도절제와 식도와 위의 문합 혹은 식도와 대장의 문합등의 수술은 통상적으로 식도절제를 위한 개흉절개와, 식도 및 주위 림프절 절제, 광범위한 개복수술과 위 혹은 대장의 박리 등을 포함하고 있다. 또한 박리된 위 혹은 대장은 경부절개후 경부식도에 문합하게 된다. 1978년 Orringer 와 Sloan 등이 개흉술을 하지 않고 식도절제술을 최초로 시행한 이래 흉강내시경과 종격동경등을 이용한 여러 가지 수술방법이 개발되었다. 반면에 종격동 내시경을 이용한 식도박리(endoscopic microsurgical dissection of the oesophagus : EMDO) 1989년 이들 수술수기 개발자인 Buess, Kimfmuller, Naruhn과 Melzer 등에 의해 EMDO로 명명되었으며 Buess와 Becker에 의해서 임상에 응용되었다. 본 증례는 150cc의 빙초산을 먹은 후 식동협착(esophageal striture) 로 진단 받은 20세된 여자환자에서 종격동경(Operating Mediastinoscope)을 이용하여 식도를 박리 하면서 동시에 위와 식도를 문합할수 있게 박리하고 GIA 90을 이용하여 위문부와 식도부위를 절제한 후 점막이 보존되어있는 상부식도 부위에서 식도를 절제하고 위를 1이용하여 경부에서 식도와 위를 문합하였다. 수술 후 특이한 합병증 없이 수술 후 17일째 퇴원하였으며 현재 별다른 문제없이 외래 추적관찰중이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.93-97
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• 2013

Background: Minimally invasive cardiac surgery has emerged as an alternative to conventional open surgery. This report reviews our experience with atrial septal defect using the da VinciTM surgical robot system. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 50 consecutive patients who underwent atrial septal defect repair using the da VinciTM surgical robot system between October 2007 and May 2011. Among these, 13 patients (26%) were approached through a totally endoscopic approach and the others by mini-thoracotomy. Nineteen patients had concomitant procedures including tricuspid annuloplasty (n=10), mitral valvuloplasty (n=9), and maze procedure (n=4). The mean follow-up duration was $16.9{\pm}10.4$ months. Results: No remnant interatrial shunt was detected by intraoperative or postoperative echocardiography. The atrial septal defects were mainly repaired by Gore-Tex patch closure (80%). There was no operative mortality or serious surgical complications. The aortic cross clamping time and cardiopulmonary bypass time were $74.1{\pm}32.2$ and $157.6{\pm}49.7$ minutes, respectively. The postoperative hospital stay was $5.5{\pm}3.3$ days. Conclusion: The atrial septal defect repair with concomitant procedures like mitral valve repair or tricuspid valve repair using the da VinciTM system is a feasible method. In addition, in selected patients, complete port access can be helpful for better cosmetic results and less musculoskeletal injury.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2000

Objective : Various surgical approaches have been implemented to fulfill the ideal goals of treatment for cervical spondylotic lesions. Conventional approaches are represented by anterior approach with or without fusion and posterior approach. The authors has applied newly developed anterior cervical microforaminotomy for these lesions on minimally invasive basis. Materials and Method : Twenty-one patients, with cervical HIVD, or stenosis, or both, underwent anterior cervical microforaminotomy between March, 1998 and April, 1999. Fifteen patients underwent unilateral decompression, and 6 bilateral decompression via unilateral foraminotomy. Operation of one level was performed in 16 patients, 2 levels in 4 patients, and 3 in 1 patient. The foraminotomy was accomplished by resecting the uncovertebral joint. Through this hole, compressed nerve root was decompressed by removing the spondylotic spur or disc fragment, and diagonal removing of posterior osteophyte from foraminotomy site to begining of contralateral nerve root made spinal cord decompression. Results : The outcome was excellent in 17 patients(81%) and good in 4 patients(19%) based on Odom's criteria. No complication was encounterd, and average post-operation hospital stay was 3.7 days. Conclusions : These results indicate that anterior cervical microforaminotomy provide adequate neural decompression, minimum postoperative discomfort and fast recovery.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2014

Purpose: We report the surgical outcomes for femoral shaft fractures in polytrauma patients who were temporarily treated with external fixation and subsequently converted to internal fixation. Methods: From August 2008 to April 2012, we enrolled 13 patients with multiple traumas due to high-energy injuries and concurrent femoral shaft fractures in which temporary external fixation was carried out. The mean age was 39 years, with a range from 18 to 55 years. Ten were men and 3 were women. According to the AO/OTA classification of fractures, type A was found in 5 patients, type B in 6, and type C in 2, with open fractures being found in 6 patients and femoral artery rupture occurring in 2. For internal fixation, intramedullary nailing was performed in 7 patients, and minimally-invasive fixation of locking compression plates was used in 6. Results: Of the 7 patients converted to intramedullary nailing, 1 experienced delayed union. Of the 6 patients treated with minimally-invasive plate fixation, delayed union occurred in 5, and an auto-bone graft was performed within, on average, 8 months (range: 5~10 months), leading to bone union in all cases in the final follow-up. None of the patients experienced infections or complications involving other organs after having been converted to internal fixation. During the mean follow-up of 19 months, patients achieved satisfactory functional outcomes. Conclusion: In polytrauma patients with a femoral shaft fracture who have been treated with temporary external fixation and who may need internal fixation due to the occurrence of delayed union, an appropriate internal fixation method needs to be selected based on the patient's physical status, and the fracture type.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.221-228
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• 2023

Background: We assessed the relationship between patient age and remifentanil dosing rate in patients managed under general anesthesia with spontaneous breathing using low-dose remifentanil in sevoflurane. Methods: The participants were patients with an American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status of 1 or 2 maintained under general anesthesia with low-dose remifentanil in 1.5-2.0% sevoflurane. The infusion rate of remifentanil was adjusted so that the spontaneous respiratory rate was half the rate prior to the induction of anesthesia, and γ^H (㎍/kg/min) was defined as the infusion rate of remifentanil under stable conditions where the respiratory rate was half the rate prior to the induction of anesthesia for ≥ 15 minutes. The relationship between γ^H and patient age was analyzed statistically by Spearman's correlation analysis. Results: During dental treatment under general anesthesia using low-dose remifentanil in sevoflurane, a significant correlation was detected between γ^H and patient age. The regression line of y = - 0.00079 x + 0.066 (y-axis; γ^H, x-axis; patient's age) was provided. The values of γ^H provide 0.064 ㎍/kg/min at 2 years and 0.0186 ㎍/kg/min at 60 years. Therefore, as age increases, the dosing rate exhibits a declining trend. Furthermore, in the dosing rate of remifentanil when the patient's respiratory rate was reduced by half from the preanesthetic respiratory rate, the dosing rate provided was around 0.88 mL/h in all ages if the remifentanil was diluted as 0.1 mg/mL. EtCO₂ showed 51.0 ± 5.7 mmHg, and SpO₂ was controlled within the normal range by this method. In addition, all dental treatments were performed without major problems, such as awakening and body movement during general anesthesia, and the post-anesthetic recovery process was stable. Conclusion: General anesthesia with spontaneous breathing provides various advantages, and the present method is appropriate for minimally invasive procedures.