• Title/Summary/Keyword: Miniature

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Comparison of the Effectiveness of University of Wisconsin and Histidine-Tryptophan Ketoglutarate Solution on Renal Cold Preservation in the Miniature Pig (미니돼지에서 University of Wisconsin 용액과 Histidine-Tryptophan Ketoglutarate 용액의 신장 저온보존효과 비교)

  • Nam, Hyun-Suk;Yoon, Byung-Il;Woo, Heung-Myong
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.26 no.5
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    • pp.445-449
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    • 2009
  • For human organ transplantations, histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate solution (HTKS) and University of Wisconsin solution (UWS) have been shown to engender similar outcomes as gold standard cold preservation solutions ($4^{\circ}C$). To select the effective preservation solution for cold storage of kidney xenografts in miniature pig, which could be a potential source animal of bio-organs, this study compared early histopathological outcomes of cold preservation injury using HTKS and UWS. Twelve miniature pigs weighing 25.6 to 34.7 kg were divided into two groups (n = 6 per group), UWS group and HTKS group. The kidneys in each group were harvested, cold flushed, and preserved for 0, 24, 48, and 72 hrs at $4^{\circ}C$ with UWS or HTKS, respectively. Histolopathological examinations were assessed on kidney biopsy specimens, taken after each cold storage. The degree of renal injury was scored using 5 different criteria (pyknotic nuclei, disruption of cytoplasm, detachment of epithelium, loss of microvilli, tubular necrosis and loss of glomerular tufts) of the cellular components of the tissue. The degree of kidney damage was increased with prolonged cold ischemia time. UWS and HTKS have at least similar efficacy in kidney preservation within 24 hrs cold preservation time. However, in HTKS group cold-induced injury started to be observed more than in UWS group after 48 hrs of cold storage. In conclusion, UWS and HTKS were equally effective for cold preservation of miniature pig kidney in early preservation times; however, UWS may be more effective at longer preservation times as compared to HTKS.

Donor Cell Source (Miniature Pig and Landrace Pig) Affects Apoptosis and Imprinting Gene Expression in Porcine Nuclear Transfer Embryos

  • Park, Mi-Rung;Hwang, In-Sun;Shim, Joo-Hyun;Moon, Hyo-Jin;Kim, Dong-Hoon;Ko, Yeoung-Gyu;Seong, Hwan-Hoo;Im, Gi-Sun
    • Journal of Embryo Transfer
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.101-108
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    • 2008
  • This study investigated the developmental ability and gene expression of somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos using ear skin fibroblast cells derived from miniature pig. When miniature pig (m) and landrace pig (p) were used as donor cells, there were no differences in cleavage (79.2 vs. 78.2%) and blastocyst rates (27.4 vs. 29.7%). However, mNT blastocysts showed significantly higher apoptosis rate than that of pNT blastocysts (6.1 vs. 1.7%) (p<0.05). The number of nuclei in pNT blastosysts was significantly higher than that of mNT (35.8 vs. 29.3) (p<0.05). Blastocysts were analyzed using Realtime RT-PCR to determine the expression of Bax-${\alpha}$, Bcl-xl, H19, IGF2, IGF2r and Xist. Bax-${\alpha}$ was higher in mNT blastocyst than pNT blastocyst (p<0.05). There was no difference in Bcl-xl between two NT groups. Bax-${\alpha}$/Bcl-xl was, however, significantly higher in mNT blastocyst compared to pNT. The expression of imprinting genes were aberrant in blastocysts derived from NT compared to in vivo blastocysts. H19 and IGF2r were significantly lower in mNT blastocysts (p<0.05). The expression of IGF2 and Xist was similar in two NT groups. However, imprinting genes were expressed aberrantly in mNT compared to pNT blastocysts. The present results suggest that the NT between donor cells derived from miniature pig and recipient oocytes derived from crossbred pig might affect reprogramming of donor cell, resulting in high apoptosis and aberrant expression patterns of imprinting genes.

Production of Cloned Miniature Pig by Surrogate Mother Conditions (대리모의 준비 조건 변화를 통한 복제미니돼지의 생산)

  • Hur, Chang-Gi;Yang, Hae-Young;Lee, Eun-Kyeong;Han, Joo-Hee;Park, Chun-Gyu;Shin, Teak-Soon;Lee, Hong-Gu;Kang, Han-Seok;Ahn, Jong-Deok;Cho, Seong-Keun
    • Journal of Embryo Transfer
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2012
  • Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) for miniature pig has been developed for xenotransplantation and many other biomedical experiments. However, the efficiency of SCNT is still very low due to many factors. To optimize the surrogate mother condition for improvement of cloned miniature pigs efficiency, we investigated the effect of the status of surrogate mother on pregnancy, farrowed rate in SCNT pigs. After SCNT with mesenchymal stem cells as donor cells, the SCNT embryos were surgically transferred into the oviduct of surrogated pigs. To compare the effects of status of surrogate pigs on pregnancy, surrogate pigs were prepared by artificial abortion at day 20~29 (Group 1), 30~39 (Group 2), and 40~45 (Group 3) of gestation. After SCNT embryos transfer in three different status of surrogate pigs, Group 2 (56.3%) and 3 (55.6%) had significantly ($p$ <0.05) higher the pregnancy rate than group 1 (0%) at day 30 of gestation. The status of ovulation in surrogate pig also was investigated. Post-ovulation status (54.8%) had higher proportion than pre-ovulation status (38.7%) and ovulation status (6.5%). We obtained 19 cloned miniature piglets from seven surrogate gilts and five piglets are living healthy but fourteen piglets died soon after birth or stillbirth. The weights of piglets greatly differ from 254 to 1,296 g. Microsatellite analysis showed that cloned piglets were genetically different from the surrogate mother and cloned piglets were genetically equal to the donor cell. In conclusion, the present result indicates that artificially abortion method can improve the efficiency of pregnancy after SCNT in pigs. This study will provide available method for the further study and application in the field of xenotransplantation.

The Clinical Value about Pulmonary Tuberculosis of Indirect Chest Radiography in Physical Examination for Conscription (징병 신체 검사시 집단 흉부 간접 방사선 촬영의 폐결핵 관련한 진단적 유용성)

  • Park, Sung Bin;Choi, Byeong-Kyoo;Ha, Keun Woo;Seo, Joon Beom
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.59 no.4
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    • pp.356-360
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    • 2005
  • Background : This study examined the clinical utility of using indirect chest radiography during a physical examination of new conscripts for determine the presence of pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods : Over an eight-month period, this study examined 25386 people who underwent a physical examination after conscription. The abnormal findings on mass miniature radiography were followed-up using direct chest radiography. The positive predictive value of mass miniature radiography and direct chest radiography was compared. The incidence, degree of infiltration and clinical outcome of active pulmonary tuberculosis were also evaluated during a follow-up examination. Results : The positive rate of mass miniature radiography was 1.19% (n=302). Various lesions were identified: Parenchymal lesions (n=109), mediastinal lesions (n=6), cardiovascular lesions (n=45), pleural lesions (n=49), bony lesions (n=90) and miscellaneous lesions (n=7). The incidence of active pulmonary tuberculosis by mass miniature radiography was 0.26% (n=67). The first diagnosis was made in 50 people; active pulmonary tuberculosis (n=42), pneumonia (n=1), a mediastinal mass (n=1), a rib fracture (n=2) and a pneumothorax (n=4). Most cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis were mildly infiltrated and either improved or were cured by the follow-up examination. Conclusion : Although mass miniature radiography in a physical examination after conscription has limitations, but it is a useful means for detecting the presence of early disease, particularly in active pulmonary tuberculosis.

Reproductive Characteristic of Transgenic Massachusetts General Hospital Miniature Pigs for Xenotransplantation (Massachusetts General Hospital 미니돼지 유래 이종이식용 형질전환 돼지의 번식 특성 분석)

  • Ji, Soo-Jeong;Lee, Gunsup;Park, Sang Hyoun;Kim, Kyung Woon;Byun, Sung-June;Ock, Sun A;Hwang, Seongsoo;Woo, Jae-Seok;Oh, Keon Bong
    • Journal of Embryo Transfer
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.165-170
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    • 2017
  • Pigs have been extensively used as mediators of xenotransplantation research. Specifically, the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) miniature pig was developed to fix major histocompatibility antigens for use in xenotransplantation studies. We generated transgenic pigs for xenotransplantation using MGH pigs. However, it has not been studied yet whether these pigs show similarity of reproductive physiological characteristics to wild types of MGH miniature pig. In this study we analyzed the estrous cycles and pregnancy characteristics of wild type (WT) and transgenic MGH miniature pigs, which were ${\alpha}1,3$-galactosyltransferase (GalT) heterozygous and homozygous knock-out, and membrane cofactor protein (MCP) inserted in its locus, $GalT^{-MCP/+}$ and $GalT^{-MCP/-MCP}$ pigs. Estrous cycles of WT, $GalT^{-MCP/+}$ and $GalT^{-MCP/-MCP}$ pigs were $20.9{\pm}0.74$, $20.1{\pm}1.26$, and $17.3{\pm}0.87days$, respectively, and periods of estrous were $3.2{\pm}0.10$, $3.1{\pm}0.12$, and $3.1{\pm}0.11days$. The periods of gestation of WT, $GalT^{-MCP/+}$ and $GalT^{-MCP/-MCP}$ pigs were $114.2{\pm}0.37$, $113.3{\pm}0.67$, and $115.4{\pm}0.51days$, respectively. Litter sizes of WT, $GalT^{-MCP/+}$ and $GalT^{-MCP/-MCP}$ pigs were $4.8{\pm}0.35$, $4.8{\pm}1.11$ and $3.0{\pm}0.32$ respectively. There were no significant differences on estrous cycle, periods of estrous and gestation, and litter size among WT, $GalT^{-MCP/+}$ and $GalT^{-MCP/-MCP}$ pigs, meaning that GalT knock-out and additional expression MCP of the MGH miniature pig did not effect on reproduction traits. These results provide relevant information to establish breeding system for MGH transgenic pig, and for propagation of $GalT^{-MCP/-MCP}$ pig to supply for xenotransplantation research.

Research of private landscape architecture of the Tang Era in ancient China -based on excavated excellent articles and a book <洛陽名園記> called Nakyangmyungwonki- (중국 고대 당대(唐代) 민간 조경[사가원림(私家圓林)] 연구 - 출토된 명기(明器)와 낙양명원기를 중심으로 -)

  • Park, Kyung-Ja
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.38
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    • pp.285-303
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    • 2005
  • Through the excavated excellent articles of the Tang era, we have considered the building techniques and styles of a square pavilion, an octagonal pavilion, a miniature hill, a pond, etc., could read building techniques of the scenic structures on ancient literatures including records and additionally about their poetical life at that time and inquired into the arrangement, structure, building techniques, etc. of a miniature hill, a pond, a pavilion, a flowerplant, etc., on Nakyangmyungwonki. Thus, under the research on the private landscape architecture, especially the nobility gardening, around excavated excellent articles and literatures, 'A miniature hill(假山) and a pond for landscaping views formed the center of a garden, and additionally a pavilion was built and flowerplants were set. The miniature hill of laying stones and having a carven, steeping, stratifying, looking like dyed green and birds' singing among hills and eating water on the lakeshore${\ldots}$' was expressed. The pond of digging in the ground and conducting water had its water system developed. There were several kinds of pavilions such as 廳, 堂, 館, 亭, 臺, 樓, 閣, 榭, etc. As examples of landscaping plants, there were a bamboo, a lotus flower, a peony, aromatic trees a pine, a korean spindle tree, a big cone pine, an empress tree, a wild walnut, a peach, a plum, a Japanese apricot tree, an apricot tree, a chrysanthemum, arrowroot vines, etc. Thus, the garden of the Tang era, abundant, diverse and excellent, enjoyed the prime of the period of prosperity. Due to cultural exchange, it is supposed that the period of united Shilla of the same age would meet with the period of prosperity in the developmental history of Korea landscape, based on the nobility garden system '4 different dwelling-houses every season on a record "四節游宅"'.

4-Channel Patch Array Antennas for Home Network System

  • Min Kyeong-Sik;Kim Dong-Jin
    • Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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    • v.5 no.3
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    • pp.122-125
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    • 2005
  • This paper describes a design of a miniature patch antenna and its 4-channle array for 5.25 GHz wireless LAN band. Each patch element is designed for the low mutual coupling between each element and for the small size of the array antenna. The size of the each element is $7 mm{\times}14.5 mm{\times}5.6 mm$ and it satisfy IEEE 802.11a frequency band. It is arrayed for independent 4-channel operation. The total size of the array antenna is $35.6 mm{\times}52.5 mm{\times}5.6 mm$. The measured reflection coefficients and the radiation patterns of the fabricated antennas show the reasonable agreements with prediction.