• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.310-319
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• 2001

Background : The peak flowmeter is very useful in monitoring of out-patients as well as those in emergency departments because of its convenience and simplicity with low cost. There have been many studies aimed at determining the accuracy and reproducibility of the peak flow meter in normal population. However, there is a paucity of reports regarding its accuracy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) or asthma. The accuracy of the peak expiratory flow(PEF) measured with a mini-Wright peak flowmeter was assessed by a comparison with the results of a mass flow sensor. Methods : The PEF measurements were performed in 108 patients aged 19-82 years presenting with either a chronic obstructive lung disease or asthma before and after inhaling salbutamol. The PEF measurements from the mini-Wright flowmeter were compared with those obtained by the calibrated mass flow sensor. Results : The average of the readings taken by the mini-Wright meter were 37-39 l/min higher than those taken by the mass flow sensor. The average percentage error of the mini-Wright meter were higher, ranging less than 300 l/min. The mean of the differences between the values obtained using both instruments (the bias)$\pm$limits of agreement(${\pm}2$ SD) were $37.1{\pm}90\;l/min$ for the PEF(p<0.001). Conclusions : The mini-Wright peak flowmeter overestimated the flows in patients with COPD or asthma. It was also found that the accuracy of the mini-Wright peak flowmeter decreased in its mid to low range. The limits of agreement are wide and the difference between the two instruments is significant. Therefore, the measurements made between the two types of machines in patients with asthma or COPD cannot be used interchangeably.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.179-187
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• 2010

Corrosion of rebar embedded reinforced concrete is the main cause of collapse and degradation of reinforced concrete structure. Degradation occurs in reinforced concrete structures from corrosion caused by the Chloride that the damage other than the severe degradation of the structure in terms of maintenance and construction when the huge expense required and deciding terms is hard. Therefore, early detection of rebar corrosion is important for efficient maintenance and repairing and planning. Meanwhile, how to evaluate the corrosion of the non-destructive measurements have been used a lot. In particular CM-II (corrosion meter) is used to measurement the natural potential, polarization resistance and the resistivity of the concrete, but has some disadvantages. Embedded mini-sensor has been developed in order to overcome these disadvantages. So Measurement corrosion for using the mini-sensor compares with the measured results CM-II (corrosion meter), the developed mini-sensor verify the validity.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

This mini review summarizes some of the recent advances in machine-learning (ML)-driven chemical and biological sensors. Specific focus is on field-effect-transistor (FET)-based sensors with a description of their structures and detection mechanisms. Key ML techniques are briefly reviewed for an audience not familiar with the basic principles. We mainly discuss two aspects: (1) data analysis based on ML and (2) ML applied to sensor design. In conclusion, the challenges and opportunities for the advancement of ML-based sensors are briefly considered.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.217-224
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• 2004

A taste sensor system composed of mini electrode array was built in a flow cell. Potentiometric signals from 9 electrodes were collected for drinking waters and alcoholic beverages which were diluted in a low concentration buffer solution (0.005 M Tris-$H_2SO_4$ pH 7.2) for the measurement. The measured results were treated with the principal component analysis (PCA), and grouped on a two or three dimensional PCA coordinate to discriminate the tastes of each beverage. It is demonstrated that the taste sensor system of this work may be used for the quality control of beverages in production or the examination of their taste variation in the market.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 2008

Objective: This study was designed to analyze the primary and secondary stability characteristics of orthodontic mini-screws of tapered design when compared with the cylinder mini-screw. Methods: A total of 48 mini-screws were placed into the buccal alveolar bone of the mandible in 6 male beagle dogs. Comparison was made between tapered and cylinder type mini-screws (Biomaterials Korea, Seoul, Korea). Maximum insertion torque (MIT) was measured using a torque sensor (Mark-10, MGT 50, USA) during installation, and maximum removal torque (MRT) was recorded after 3 and 12 weeks of loading. Results: Taper mini-screws showed a higher MIT value of 22.3 Ncm compared with cylinder mini-screw showing 13.6 Ncm (p < 0.001). The MRT of the taper mini-screw showed a significantly higher value of 9.1 Ncm than those of cylinder mini-screw of 5.7 Ncm at 3-weeks after installation (p < 0.05). However, there was no difference in the MRT value between the taper and cylinder mini-screws at 12 weeks of loading. Conclusions: These results showed that the high insertion torque of the taper mini-screw design increases initial stability until 3 weeks of loading, but does not have any effect on the secondary stability at 12 weeks of loading.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.218-222
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• 2011

This paper proposes a single-joint optical torque sensor with one body structure. Conventional optical torque sensors consist of three parts, two plates and an elastic structure. They have slightly slipping problem between plates and elastic structure due to the manufacturing tolerance. Since the order of measurement range of optical sensor is about ten micrometers, the slipping problem causes large measurement error, especially in the case of vibrational or high speed plant. This problem does not occur in the proposed design due to the one body structure. The proposed sensor has advantage of low cost, light weight, and small size. And it is easy to design and manufacture. Simulation works that analysis of stress and strain are performed accurately. To demonstrate the performance of proposed sensor, experiments were implemented to compare with a commercial force/torque sensor (ATI Mini45).

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.2195-2205
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• 2023

One of the salient nuclear fuel performance parameters for new fuel types under development is changes in fuel thickness. To test the new commercially fabricated U-10Mo monolithic plate-type fuel, an irradiation experiment was designed that consisted of multiple mini-plate capsules distributed within the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) core, the mini-plate 1 (MP-1) experiment. Each capsule contains eight mini-plates that were either fueled or "dummy" plates. Fuel thickness changes within a fuel assembly can be characterized by measuring the gaps between the plates ultrasonically. The channel gap probe (CGP) system is designed to measure the gaps between the plates and will provide information that supports qualification of U-10Mo monolithic fuel. This study will discuss the design and the results from the use of a custom-designed CGP system for characterizing the gaps between mini-plates within the MP-1 capsules. To ensure accurate and repeatable data, acceptance and calibration procedures have been developed. Unfortunately, there is no "gold" standard measurement to compare to CGP measurements. An effort was made to use plate thickness obtained from post-irradiation measurements to derive channel gap estimates for comparison with the CGP characterization.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.113-119
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• 2020

Large sensor networks require the collection and analysis of data from a large number of sensors. The number of sensors that can be controlled per micro controller is limited. In this paper, we propose how to aggregate sensor data from a large number of sensors using a large number of microcontrollers and multiple bridge nodes, and design and implement an efficient communication system for sensor data collection. Bridge nodes aggregate data from multiple microcontrollers using SPI communication, and transfer the aggregated data to PC servers using wireless TCP/IP communication. In this paper, the communication system was constructed using the Open H/W Aduo Mini and ESP8266 and performance of the system was analyzed. The performance analysis results showed that more than 30 sensing data can be collected per second from more than 700 sensors.

• Journal of The Institute of Information and Telecommunication Facilities Engineering
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 2006

This paper proposes a wireless management system for a pet dog using wireless sensor network. The developed intelligent wireless management system is compose of a central control system, auto-feeder, miniguidance robot, and wireless sensing devices. The developed system uses three types of sensed data such as light, temperature, md sounds from a pet dog and surrounded environment respectively. The presented design method using these data provides an efficient way to controlling and monitoring the pet dog. The implemented system can be used as a design framework of portable device for the pet management.

• Journal of The Institute of Information and Telecommunication Facilities Engineering
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2007

This paper proposes a wireless management system for a pet dog using wireless sensor network. The developed intelligent wireless management system is compose of a central control system, auto-feeder, mini-guidance robot, and wireless sensing devices. The developed system uses three types of sensed data such as light, temperature, and sounds from a pet dog and surrounded environment respectively. The presented design method using these data provides an efficient way to controlling and monitoring the pet dog. The implemented system can be used as a design framework of portable device for the pet management.