• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.2277-2282
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• 2009

In this paper, we proposed a new recognition method can be used in application systems using morphological features, difference operators and ART2 algorithm. At first, edges are extracted from an acquired car image by a camera using difference operators and the image of extracted edges is binarized by a block binarization method. In order to extract license plate area, noise areas are eliminated by applying morphological features of new and existing types of license plate to the 8-directional edge tracking algorithm in the binarized image. After the extraction of license plate area, mean binarization and mini-max binarization methods are applied to the extracted license plate area in order to eliminated noises by morphological features of individual elements in the license plate area, and then each character is extracted and combined by Labeling algorithm. The extracted and combined characters(letter and number symbols) are recognized after the learning by ART2 algorithm. In order to evaluate the extraction and recognition performances of the proposed method, 200 vehicle license plate images (100 for green type and 100 for white type) are used for experiment, and the experimental results show the proposed method is effective.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.150-156
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• 2017

Background Digital amputation is a common upper extremity injury and can cause significant impairment in hand function, as well as psychosocial stigma. Currently, the gold standard for the reconstruction of such injuries involves autologous reconstruction. However, when this or other autologous options are not available, prosthetic reconstruction can provide a functionally and aesthetically viable alternative. This study describes a novel technique, known as a tripod titanium mini-plate, for osseointegrated digit prostheses, and reviews the outcomes in a set of consecutive patients. Methods A retrospective review of patients who underwent 2-stage prosthetic reconstruction of digit amputations was performed. Demographic information, occupation, mechanism of injury, number of amputated fingers, and level of amputation were reviewed. Functional and aesthetic outcomes were assessed using the quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (Q-DASH) scale and a visual analog scale (VAS) score, respectively. In addition, complications during the postoperative period were recorded. Results Seven patients were included in this study. Their average age was 29 years. Five patients had single-digit amputations and 2 patients had multiple-digit amputations. Functional and aesthetic outcomes were assessed using the Q-DASH score (average, 10.4) and VAS score (average, 9.1), respectively. One episode of mild cellulitis was seen at 24 months of follow-up. However, it was treated successfully with oral antibiotics. No other complications were reported. Conclusions When autologous reconstruction is not suitable for digit reconstruction, prosthetic osseointegrated reconstruction can provide good aesthetic and functional results. However, larger series with longer-term follow-up are required in order to rule out the possibility of other complications.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.361-370
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• 2011

Objective: Speedy surgical orthodontics (SSO), an innovative orthodontic treatment, involves the application of orthopedic forces against temporary skeletal anchorage devices following perisegmental corticotomy to induce movement of specific dental segments. Herein, we report the biological effects of SSO on the teeth and periodontal structures. Methods: Five beagle dogs were divided into 2 groups and their 6 maxillary incisors were retracted $en$ $masse$ by applying 500 g orthopedic force against a single palatal mini-plate. Retraction was performed without and with perisegmental corticotomy in groups I and II, respectively. All animals were killed on the 70th day, and their periodontal structures were processed for histologic analyses and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The linear distance between the third maxillary incisor and canine was used as a benchmark to quantify the retraction amount. Results: Retraction was markedly faster and retraction amount greater in group II than in Group I. Surprisingly, Group II did not show any root resorption despite extensive retraction, while Group I showed prominent root surface irregularities. Similarly, SEM showed multiple resorption lacunae in Group I, but not in Group II. Conclusions: SSO is an effective and favorable orthodontic approach for major en masse retraction of the maxillary anterior teeth.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2017

Background: Increased frequency of comminuted clavicle mid-shaft fractures and importance of functional satisfaction through early joint exercise has resulted in higher emphasis on surgical treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical radiological results of treatment of clavicle mid-shaft fractures by open reduction and internal fixation using a plate with a small incision. Methods: The subjects of this study were 80 clavicle mid-shaft fracture cases treated with internal fixation using a plate from October 2010 to July 2014. Clavicle mid-shaft fractures were internally fixated using anatomical plates or locking compression plates. Achievement of bone union, union period, and clavicle length shortening were evaluated radiologically, and clinical assessment was done by using Constant and University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) scores. Results: All 80 cases were confirmed to have achieved bone union through radiographs with an average union period of 10.9 weeks (range: 7-18 weeks). The average clavicle length of shortening in the affected side was 1.8 mm (range: 0-17 mm). The average UCLA score and Constant score were 33.6 (range: 25-35) and 92.5 (range: 65-100), respectively. Regarding complications, four cases reported skin irritation by metal plates, and one case reported a screw insertion site fracture due to minor trauma history. Conclusions: We were able to induce successful bone union and obtain clinically satisfactory results in displaced mid-shaft fractures of the clavicle without major complications such as nonunion through treatment of internal fixation using a plate.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.261-267
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• 2011

The test fit has commonly used for the evaluation of the railbed condition, and indirect methods by using the compressional wave are also studied. the direct evaluation method by penetration test has not been studied. For the measurement of in-situ cone tip resistance of the railbed with minimizing the disturbance of the upper railbed. the cone penetrometer with the helical type outer rod(CPH) was developed. The outer rod, which has helical screw, is penetrated through the gravel layer and provides the reaction force for cone penetration testing. the cone tip resistances are measured by the mini cone penetrometer, where diameter is 15mm. For the developing the mini cone, strain gauge installation, circuit configuration, penetration rates and calibration process are considered. For the easy penetration of the screw rod in the field, the reaction force stepping plate and guide column are arranged. The screw rod are penetrated through the gravel layer. And the mini cone was pushed into the subgrade railbed at the penetration rate of 1mm/sec. The penetration test shows that the cone tip resistance increases along the depth. In addition, the subgrade condition is evaluated. This study demonstrates that the CPH may be effectively used for the evaluation of subgrade method any damage of the gravel layer.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2017

Background Numerous condylar repositioning methods have been reported. However, most of them are 2-dimensional or are complex procedures that require a longer operation time and a highly trained surgeon. This study aims to introduce a new technique using a condylar repositioning plate and a centric relation splint to achieve a centric relationship. Methods We evaluated 387 patients who had undergone surgery for skeletal jaw deformities. During the operation, a centric relation splint, intermediate splint, final centric occlusion splint, and condylar repositioning plate along with an L-type mini-plate for LeFort I osteotomy or a bicortical screw for bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy were utilized for rigid fixation. The evaluation included: a physical examination to detect preoperative and postoperative temporomandibular joint dysfunction, 3-dimensional computed tomography and oblique transcranial temporomandibular joint radiography to measure 3-dimensional condylar head movement, and posteroanterior and lateral cephalometric radiography to measure the preoperative and postoperative movement of the bony segment and relapse rate. Results A 0.3% relapse rate was observed in the coronal plane, and a 2.8% relapse rate in the sagittal plane, which is indistinguishable from the dental relapse rate in orthodontic treatment. The condylar repositioning plate could not fully prevent movement of the condylar head, but the relapse rate was minimal, implying that the movement of the condylar head was within tolerable limits. Conclusions Our condylar repositioning method using a centric relation splint and miniplate in orthognathic surgery was found to be simple and effective for patients suffering from skeletal jaw deformities.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.41
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• pp.14.1-14.10
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• 2019

Background: Condylar dislocation can arise as a complication in patients who required mandibular and/or condylar reconstruction and were operated on with fibula free flap (FFF) using surgical guides designed using simulation surgery. Surgeons should be aware of the complications in these present cases when planning and performing reconstructions as well as predicting prognoses. Cases presentation: Two cases showed condylar dislocation in mandibular reconstruction using a FFF fixed with a reconstruction plate. Three cases showed condylar dislocation in mandibular reconstruction using a fibula free flap fixed with a mini-plate. Conclusion: Despite the lack of clinical symptoms in these cases following mandibular reconstruction using an FFF, the mandibular condyle was severely displaced away from the glenoid fossa. A surgeon must have sufficient time to consider the use of a long flap with thickness similar to that of the mandible, ways to minimize span and bending, and methods of fixation. The patient, moreover, should be educated on condylar dislocation. Customized CAD/CAM-prototyped temporomandibular condyle-connected plates may be a good alternative even if virtual simulation surgery is to be performed before surgery. These considerations may help reduce the incidence of complications after mandibular reconstruction.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.86-93
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• 2011

Transparent plasma display can be realized by developing the synthetic chemistry of appropriate nanophosphors and generating nanophosphor-based transparent luminescent layers. For this goal, red-emitting $Y(V_{0.5},\;P_{0.5})O_4$:Eu nanophosphors were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal route at $200^{\circ}C$ for 48 h and the resulting nanophosphors were subsequently annealed at $800^{\circ}C$ at an ambient atmosphere. The crystallographic structure, morphology, and emission property of the as-synthesized and annealed nanophosphors were compared. Choosing 2-methoxyethanol as a dispersion medium and applying a standard sonication, well-dispersed nanophosphor solutions could be prepared. Using these dispersions, visible transparent nanophosphor layers were spin-deposited on glass substrates. By combining $Y(V_{0.5},\;P_{0.5})O_4$:Eu nanophosphor layer/glass substrate as a rear plate with a front plate used in a conventional plasma display panels (PDPs), mini-sized transparent red-emitting PDPs were constructed. Transmittance and luminance properties of two transparent test panels using as-synthesized versus $800^{\circ}C$-annealed nanophosphors were characterized and compared.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.298-305
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• 2017

Objective: This paper describes changes in the characteristics of patients seeking orthodontic treatment over the past decade and the treatment they received, to identify any seasonal variations or trends. Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort study included all patients who presented to Seoul National University Dental Hospital for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2015. The study analyzed a set of heterogeneous variables grouped into the following categories: demographic (age, gender, and address), clinical (Angle Classification, anomaly, mode of orthodontic treatment, removable appliances for Phase 1 treatment, fixed appliances for Phase 2 treatment, orthognathic surgery, extraction, mini-plate, mini-implant, and patient transfer) and time-related variables (date of first visit and orthodontic treatment time). Time series analysis was applied to each variable. Results: The sample included 14,510 patients with a median age of 19.5 years. The number of patients and their ages demonstrated a clear seasonal variation, which peaked in the summer and winter. Increasing trends were observed for the proportion of male patients, use of non-extraction treatment modality, use of ceramic brackets, patients from provinces outside the Seoul region at large, patients transferred from private practitioners, and patients who underwent orthognathic surgery performed by university surgeons. Decreasing trends included the use of metal brackets and orthodontic treatment time. Conclusions: Time series analysis revealed a seasonal variation in some characteristics, and several variables showed changing trends over the past decade.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.134-134
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• 1993

Tn3 Transposon을 이용한 Shuttle Mutagenesis방법으로 효모의 Genome 상에 무작위적으로 $\beta$-gal 표지 유전자를 삽입하고 효모생활사의 각 세포시기 마다 특이하게 발현되는 유전자를 X-Gal plate상에서 찾아내고 이들 효모 유전자의 단백질이 세포내에 어떤 위치에 분포하는가를 간접 면역현미경법으로 추적해보았다. 먼저 효모의 genomic library를 38bp의 Tn3 Termial repeat를 가지고 있지 않은 pHSS6 Vector에 patial fill-in 방법으로 조성하였으며 최종적으로 20 Genome equivalent에 해당하는 18개 Pool의 genomic library를 만들었다. 이들 library를 조사하여 본 결과 모든 클론이 평균 3kb 크기의 insert를 가지고 있었으며 이는 99.99%의 효묘 genome을 대표하였다. 특정한 유전자의 발현을 알아보기 위해 먼저 mini-Tn3로 shuttle mutagenesis를 실시하고 vegetative growth동안 발현되는 유전자를 X-gal을 사용하여 골라내었다. 지금까지 16823개의 클론을 조사하였는데 이중 13%에 해당하는 2187개가 X-gal plate상에서 양성반응을 보여주었다. 양성반응을 보여주는 융합단백질의 세포내 분포틀 anti-$\beta$-galactosidase 항체를 사용하여 추적해보았다. 항체론 이용한 형광염색결과 약 70%의 세포가 background이상의 염색을 보여주었으며 이중 novel한 염색 pattern을 나타내는 클론도 다수 탐지되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 Tn3틀 이용한 Shuttle Mutagenesis 방법으로 지금까지 전통적인 유전학적인 접근 방식으로 탐지되지 않았던 다수의 새로운 효모 유전자를 찾아낼 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.tamine제중 triprolidine이 $K_{M}$ /K$_{H}$ 비가 가장 높았고 diphenidol이 가장 낮았다. 이상의 결과로 보아 항 histamine제의 muscarinic receptor 차단작용은 이들 약물의 항 alleragy 효과에 필요한 작용이 아니며 본 실험에서 추정된 항 histamine제의 H$_1$-receptor와 muscarinic receptor에 대한 상대적 역가는 이들 약물의 선택과 평가에 중요한 지표가 될수 있을 것으로 생각된다.ing ischemic insults. The nature of the receptor is being explored by molecular genetic techniques, and we have recently cloned two of the major subunits; some of the data will be presented.LIFO, 우선 순위 방식등을 선택할 수 있도록 확장하였다. SIMPLE는 자료구조 및 프로그램이 공개되어 있으므로 프로그래머가 원하는 기능을 쉽게 추가할 수 있는 장점도 있다. 아울러 SMPLE에서 새로이 추가된 자료구조와 함수 및 설비제어 방식등을 활용하여 실제 중형급 시스템에 대한 시뮬레이션 구현과 시스템 분석의 예를 보인다._3$", chain segment, with the activation energy of carriers from the shallow trap with 0.4[eV], in he amorphous regions.의 증발산율은 우기의 기상자료를 이용하여 구한 결과 0.05 - 0.10 mm/hr 의 범위로서 이로 인한 강우손실량은 큰 의미가 없음을 알았다.재발이 나타난 3례의 환자를 제외한 9례 (75%)에서는 현재까지 재발소견을 보이지 않고 있다.