• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.111-120
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• 2013

Programming novices have various difficulties when they learn C language for the first time. Novices have a large burden for understanding of a C language grammar, and have a tendency to focus on the grammar rather than problem solving. Moreover, it requires programming domains to arouse student's interest for software development. This paper presents a programming environment for C languages education focusing on a problem solving. To this end, this paper defines Tiny-VPL that is a simple visual programming language for NXT robot programming and presents robot programming environment using Tiny-VPL. This paper also presents an environment for NXT robot programming using Mini-C language which is a subset of C language. For the purpose of helping to understand the C syntax and semantics, the visual and interactive conversion system of Tiny-VPL to Mini-C is provided. Our programming environment can arouse student's interest through robot programming and can be used effectively for C language education focusing on problem solving with graphical and interactive conversion of the visual language Tiny-VPL to the textual language Mini-C.

• KIPE Magazine
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.37-41
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• 2004

1996년 출시이래, MiniSKiiP은 가격 효과적이고 신뢰성 높은 CIB모듈(Converter-Inverter-Brake chopper)로 인정을 받아왔다. 수백만 개가 팔림에 따라, CIB급 모듈 중에서 시장에서의 리더로서의 자리를 굳혀 왔다. 현재 MiniSKiiP은 대량 생산이 필요한 소형 인버터 제품에 광범위하게 사용되고 있다.(중략)

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1992.10a
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• pp.31-36
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• 1992

This paper describes the development of a 'General-purpose ETRI MAP interface module' (GEM) for a Mini-MAP network. GEM operates as a Mini-MAP node in our FA system. To communicate between GEM and programmable devices such as PLC, CNC, and robot, RS232C is used, which is a traditional method. A Mini-MAP host system controls and monitors programmable devices via GEM. The Mini-MAP function of GEM is implemented and tested on the basis of the MAP V3.0.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.57.1-57.1
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• 2018

Reionisation in the early Universe is likely driven by dwarf galaxies. Using cosmological RHD simulations, we study star formation and the escape of Lyman continuum (LyC) photons from mini-haloes with Mhalo<108Msun. We find that feedback reduces star formation very efficiently in mini-haloes, resulting in the stellar mass consistent with the empirical stellar mass-to-halo mass relation derived in the local Universe. Because star formation is stochastic and dominated by a few gas clumps, the escape fraction in mini-haloes is generally determined by photo-ionization, rather than supernova explosions. We find that the photon number-weighted mean escape fraction in mini-haloes is higher (20-40%) than that in atomic-cooling haloes. Despite their high escape fractions, LyC photons from mini-haloes are of minor importance for reionization due to inefficient star formation. We confirm previous claims that stars in atomic-cooling haloes with masses $10^8M_{sun}$$10^{11}M_{sun}$ are likely to be the most important source of reionization.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.173-180
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• 1988

Chromosomal gene transferable hybrid plasmids, RP4::Mu cts and RP4::mini-Mu, were transferred by conjugation from E. coli to Pseudomonas strains. In order to use for recipient cells of RP4::Mu cts and RP4:: mini-Mu, plasmid-free Pseudomonas strains were characterized for their antobiotic resistance, aromatic hydrocarbon utility and degradation patterns of chlorinated herbicide. Transfer frequencies of RP4::mini-Mu exhibited about $10^{-2}$ to $10^{-4}$, while those of RP4::Mu cts exhibited very low value of $10^{-7}$ in recipients tested except Pseudomonas aeruginosa KU557. Existance of hybrid plasmids in Pseudomonas transconjugants were identified by their antibiotic resistance and agarose gel electrophoresis. In case of RP4::Mu cts transconjugants it was also confirmed by demonstrating that they were capable of releasing phage and forming plaques at $43^{\circ}C$. Plaque forming unit of the transconjugants was about $10^{5}$. It was shown by the stability test that RP4::Mu cts and RP4::mini-Mu in Pseudomonas were relatively stable.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.184-189
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• 2012

We sought to breed an industrially useful yeast strain, specifically an ethanol-tolerant yeast strain that would be optimal for ethanol production, using a novel breeding method, called genome reconstruction, based on chromosome splitting technology. To induce genome reconstruction, Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain SH6310, which contains 31 chromosomes including 12 artificial mini-chromosomes, was continuously cultivated in YPD medium containing 6% to 10% ethanol for 33 days. The 12 mini-chromosomes can be randomly or specifically lost because they do not contain any genes that are essential under high-level ethanol conditions. The strains selected by inducing genome reconstruction grew about ten times more than SH6310 in 8% ethanol. To determine the effect of mini-chromosome loss on the ethanol tolerance phenotype, PCR and Southern hybridization were performed to detect the remaining mini-chromosomes. These analyses revealed the loss of mini-chromosomes no. 11 and no. 12. Mini-chromosome no. 11 contains ten genes (YKL225W, PAU16, YKL223W, YKL222C, MCH2, FRE2, COS9, SRY1, JEN1, URA1) and no. 12 contains fifteen genes (YHL050C, YKL050W-A, YHL049C, YHL048C-A, COS8, YHLComega1, ARN2, YHL046W-A, PAU13, YHL045W, YHL044W, ECM34, YHL042W, YHL041W, ARN1). We assumed that the loss of these genes resulted in the ethanol-tolerant phenotype and expect that this genome reconstruction method will be a feasible new alternative for strain improvement.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.41-48
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• 1995

To increase the folding efficiency of proinsulin, we have designed a series of mini-proinsulins having the central C-peptide region replaced with sequences forming reverse turns. These proteins were produced as fusion proteins in E. coli in the form of inclusion bodies. After isolation process of the sulfonated mini-proinsulins, the subsequent refolding experiments indicate that the mini-proinsulins, with non-native penta-peptide sequences inserted between two of the enzyme processing sites, show substantially increased folding yields compared with the proinsulin. The correct disulfide connections were verified by fingerprint analysis using Glu-C endoproteinase. These novel mini-proinsulins could be used for the study of folding mechanism of proinsulin.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.567-572
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• 2010

Intraoperative breakage of instruments can be occurred unexpectedly. To prevent damage of neighboring important anatomic structures and consequent complications, broken instruments should be removed as soon as possible. There have been several methods to remove broken instruments. One of them is the Carm fluoroscopy which is commonly used for locating metal foreign bodies. However, its application for removal of broken instruments in the oral and maxillofacial area is not common. In our experiences with the removal of two broken instruments in mandibular area, the newly developed dental mini C-arm was used to find broken instrument in soft tissue, because it gives real-time in situ information for the intraoperative location. We report two cases with broken instruments, a broken dental needle in the pterygomandibular space and a broken straight bur in the mandibular angle area. They were identified and could be removed safely using a dental mini C-arm.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Communication Sciences Conference
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• 2006.07a
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• pp.436-436
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• 2006

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.24-30
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• 2009

Two component orthodontic C-implants have been introduced as intermaxillary fixation (IMF) screws in cases of periodontal problems with bone loss, severely damaged teeth, or short roots. This retrospective research sought to investigate the complications and risk factors associated with the failure of two-part C-implants for IMF cases and to show the possible indications compared to one-component mini-implants. The study sample consisted of 46 randomly selected patients who had a total of 203 implants. Pearson chi-square tests of independence were used to test for associations among categorical variables. At least 19 of the total 203 implants failed (9.3%). There was no significant difference in implant failure due to gender, oral hygiene, and placement, although a significant difference due to soft tissue characteristics and root contact was observed. The two-component design of the mini-implant is reliable for difficult IMF cases. Note, however, that the factors influencing implant failure were found to be age, root damage, and condition of soft tissues.