• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.23-28
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• 2004

Various merchandises have appeared in recent markets of mineral water, beverage, food and cosmetics etc. These are almost manufactured by adding raw seawater, desalinated water, brine or salt from Deep Ocean Water(DOW), and it intimated desalination and mineral extraction are key techniques for DOW business. This study aims to verify the functional performance of mineral-controlled water produced by the basic methods which were proposed by authors for industrial purposes. This water revealed the possibility of the radical scavenging effects and moisturizing capability.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.63-73
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• 1989

The purposes of this study were to find out the heavy metal and antibiotic resistant coliform bacteria from mineral water and the resistant factors. For the experiment, mineral water samples were taken from A area and B area during the period from march to July, 1988. The results of the experiment were as follows 1. From mineral water, eleven resistant coliforms and one susceptible coliform were isolated. 2. All resistant isolates harbored diverse plasmids of ranged ca. 14-54kb. 3. Susceptible coliform harbored a only plasmid of ca. 2.8 kb. 4. All resistant isolates harbored common size of plasmid of ca. 14kb. 5. As a result of the transformation and agarose gel electrophoresis experiments, resistant factor was R-plasmid. In conclusion, It is suggested that heavy metal contamination of mineral water is the selective pressure for the plasmid encoding the tolerance. Heavy metal resistance, in some case, is present with antibiotic resistance. Therefore, heavy metal contamination of mineral water induces antibiotic resistant bacteria.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.279-281
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• 2002

The results of the specific radioactivity study for Rn-222 in mineral spring water of Khalzan mountain and Janchivlan of Mongolia, using the HP-Ge gamma-spectrometer, are discussed. Some physical and chemical properties in some sample of mineral spring water are determined.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.150-151
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• 2005

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.545-549
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• 1998

The influence of refeeding with either vitamin, mineral, fibre of water on protein synthesis and mRNA content in the liver and breast muscle of fasted chicks was investigated. At 15 d of age, chicks were fasted for 2 d and then refed either vitamin, mineral, fibre or water. The fractional synthesis rate (FSR) of protein was measured after 30 min of refeeding by using a large dose injection of L - 2, $6[^3H]$ phenylalanine. In the liver, FSR was reduced by fasting and tended to increase but not significantly by refeeding with vitamin or mineral. FSR was not affected by refeeding with fibre or water. There was no influence of fasting and refeeding on ribosomal capacity (the RNA : protein ratio) and ribosomal efficiency (total protein synthesised per total RNA). The absolute synthesis rate (ASR) of liver protein and hepatic mRNA content were reduced by fasting and unchanged by refeeding. In the muscle, FSR, ASR and mRNA content were significantly decreased by fasting and not recovered by refeeding with either vitamin, mineral, fibre or water. It concluded that vitamin, mineral, fibre and water have little capacity to stimulate liver and muscle protein synthesis reduced by fasting.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.41-41
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• 2004

56 samples were analyzed to understand water quality of the natural mineral water of Korea. The geology according to each sample location is grouped into Precambrian metamorphic rocks, Okcheon metamorphic rocks, Jurassic granite, Cretaceous granite, and Jeju volcanic rocks. Average EC and pH values of the water is 150 μS/cm and 7.3, respectively and water type of the water is mainly Ca-Na-HCO3. Fundamentally, there still is no problem for the water quality of the natural mineral water. Nevertheless, nitrate was detected and arsenic and fluoride contents are near the drinking water standards, it is highly necessary to manage the water quality by installment of casing and grouting or by development of another production well.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.447-454
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• 2009

Electrolyzed reduced water was known as an alkaline solvent than piped water, natural water and mineral water etc. By means of reduction property, electrolyzed reduced water could dissolve a solute than other kinds of water without chemicals. In this study, serpentine dissolution in electrolyzed reduced water was investigated as a novel pre-treatment of serpentine which was a minerals for carbon dioxide sequestration. The elements (Ca, Si, Mg etc.) of serpentine were dissolved rapidly at early in the dissolvation then after some minutes the solubilities of serpentine elements showed stable state without abrupt changes. In spite of serpentine elements dissolution, chemical bondings and crystallographic structure of serpentine were not changed. It was explained that the dissolution mechanism of serpentine occurred from surface in electrolyzed reduced water and bulk structure sustained without collapse.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.9-27
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• 2018

In recent years, the sales of bottled spring water (BSW) have been drastically increasing in Korea and other countries, which accompanied great interests in conservation and reclamation of natural mineral water (NMW). In this study, management and research activities on NMW in Europe, USA, and Codex Alimentarius were reviewed. In each region, NMW is regulated with its own quality standards that differ from ordinary drinking water, and management actions are strictly implemented to protect water resources and to secure quality of NMW. Many studies on NMW were carried out for monitoring inorganic constituents including major and trace elements in national levels for bottled NMW, groundwater, and tap water in other countries. In Korea, NMW became commercialized in 1995 when BSW was legally approved as a drinking water. To further promote utilization of various types of NMW in Korea, regulations and policies for NMW need to be revised in accordance with international NMW management trends. Further, studies of NMW that compile a comprehensive set of physical and chemical parameters of NMW are also needed to properly understand occurrences, hydrogeological and geochemical processes of NMW, as well as to evaluate its potential use as a natural resource.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.220-228
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• 2000

This study deals with the water qualities of Dalgi mineral spring in Cheongsong district.Water samples which were taken from upper, middle and bottorn spring sites were tested for twenty eight important water quality items including minerals, essential and/or toxic trace elements, and the analytical items to affect the taste of mineral water, seasonally from May 1999 to February 2000 The results obtained wereas follows:Each spring site showed much difference in major items. Bottom spring water showed higher value of Mg and Na than others. Middle spring water showed the highest value in all of the items except Mg and Na. The concentration of Hardness, Fe and Mn in mineral water were over than the normal standard for drinking water, but these items are not specified for the mineral water. As, Cd, $Cr^{6+}$ and Hg were not found and Pb was found ln trace level. All of the items proved nearly constant during the four seasons except water temperature. The contribution of mineral water to the nutrition of human was calculated in order to investigate the health effect of drinking water on the bases of Required Daily Allowance,one liter of water drinking and the mineral concentration of the bottom spring. The percentage of consumable minerals of Ca, Mg, Na, K, Mn,Zn and Fe were 35.05,36.43,5.88∼10.63,0.19∼0.57,21.86∼43.72,0.65, and 95.l respectively. This means Dalgl mineral water is pIenty of iron mineral. The K and O indexes of mineraI water appeared to be good for healthy and delicious water.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2013

Bicationic minerals such as calcium and magnesium are known to protect the skin barrier. The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the skin barrier protective effects of mineral water, which is composed of calcium, magnesium, manganese, and fluorine. UVB irradiation induces a destruction of tight junction (TJ) components. The TJ permeability barrier was also disrupted by UVB irradiation. We employed a skin equivalent model to assess the efficacy of mineral water in this regard. Mineral water maintained the structure of the skin equivalents following UVB irradiation. The results of the TJ permeability assay showed that mineral water helped to maintain the TJ permeability barrier after UVB irradiation in skin equivalent model. Mineral water supported the structure of TJ components and restored the occludin protein level in differentiated normal human keratinocytes after UVB irradiation. In conclusion, we found out the protective effect of mineral water against UVB irradiation.