• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2001년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
• /
• pp.19-21
• /
• 2001

The Shiheung mine was closed in 1972 and has been abandoned since then. Although some restoration work has been done, there still remain mine failings in and around the mine, posing a potential environmental hazard. Mine tailings and the porewater extracted from the tailing were investigated to see any evidence of elemental release and migration to adjacent groundwater and soil in the field. The pHs of the tailing range from 6.24 to 7.23. Calcite in the studied area seems to influence on such neutral pH range. Depth profile of mine tailing demonstrate elements have been leached and removed as a consequence of weathering during disposal. This is also supported by the findings from porewater analysis, corresponding the trends in the mine tailings. The concentrations of Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn in the tailing porewater exceed the standard value of EPA for drinking water and this implies groundwater can be contaminated through infiltration of the porewaters, which ultimately will be discharged as leachate from the mine tailing. Groundwater samples collected near the mine area do not show high metal concentrations, except for Fe, which were detected over drinking water standard.

• 한국결정성장학회지
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.259-265
• /
• 2011

본 연구는 석탄회(Fly Ash)와 점토를 이용하여 광미(tailing)의 중금속 안정화를 연구하였다. 플라이애쉬-점토-광미계의 특성은 여러 분석기기(SEM, XRD, XRF, TG-DTA, Dilatometer, UTM)를 이용하여 광미의 첨가량에 따른 물리 화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 플라이애쉬의 화학조성은 $SiO_2$가 33.01 wt%, $Al_2O_3$는 28.54 wt%, CaO가 9.97 wt%이고 이외에 $Fe_2O_3$와 알카리 성분 등을 함유하고 있으며, 강열감량은 플라이애쉬가 20.26 wt%로 나타났다. 플라이애쉬의 $SiO_2$와 $Al_2O_3$ 조성양은 점토성분이 61 wt% 이상이다. 그리고 광미의 화학조성은 $SiO_2$가 26.91 wt%, CaO가 24.25 wt%, $Fe_2O_3$는 22.97 wt%이다. 그러므로 플라이애쉬-점토-광미계에서 플라이애쉬가 점토의 원료로 대체가 가능하다. 시편의 수축은 $850^{\circ}C$ 부근에서 서서히 수축이 시작되어 $1100^{\circ}C$ 부근에서 급격하게 수축하는 것을 볼 수 있었으며 플라이애쉬의 탄화 분해 과정에 의해 영향을 받는다. 시편의 미세구조는 광미를 첨가한 시편이 치밀하였다. 열처리 온도에 따른 물리적 특성 조사를 위하여 흡수율과 압축강도를 측정하였으며 광미를 첨가한 시편의 압축강도가 높으며 약 200~420 kgf/$cm^2$로 KS L 4201의 점토 블록 기준 내에 있다. 그리고 광미의 중금속의 안정화는 소결한 후에 한국폐기물 규격내에서 안정화한 것을 알 수 있다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.29-36
• /
• 2010

Several mines including Namil, Solim and Jungbong which are located in the Gyeonggi and Kangwon province have been abandoned and closed since 1980 due to "The promotion policy of mining industry". An enormous amount of mining wastes was disposed without proper treatment, which caused soil pollution in tailing dam and ore-dressing plant areas. However, any quantitative assessment was not performed about soil and water pollution by transporting mining wastes such as acid mine drainage, mine tailing, and rocky waste. In this research, heavy metals in mining wastes were analyzed according to leaching method which used 0.1 N HCl and total solution method which used Aqua-regia to recognize the ecological effect of distance from hot spot. We sampled tailings, rocky wastes and soils around the abandoned mine. Chemical and physical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total organic carbon (TOC), soil texture and heavy metal concentration were analyzed. The range of soil's pH is between 4.3 and 6.4 in the tailing dam and oredressing plant area due to mining activity. Total concentrations of As, Cu, and Pb in soil near ore dressing plant area are 250.9, 249.3 and 117.2 mg/kg respectively, which are higher than any other ones near tailing dam area. Arsenic concentration in tailing dams is 31.0 mg/kg, which is also considered as heavily polluted condition comparing with the remediation required level(RRL) in "Soil environment conservation Act".

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.85-93
• /
• 2013

This study is conducted to evaluate the leaching of contaminants from mine tailing by natural water and finally to estimate the leaching and transportation of heavy metal contaminants by rainfall. In order to identify contaminated heavy metal of soil, 17 soil, 2 tailing and 2 waste dump and 2 control samples were taken at mine area and analyzed total metal contents. The leaching experiments were conducted using distilled water. Cu, Pb, Zn was extracted from the reddish mine tailing in a short period time, especially the extraction rate of Cu (45.0%) was highest. The contaminants were leached from the yellowish mine tailing within an hour and the leaching rate of Cd (42.0%) and Zn (17.2%) were relatively high. The reddish soil from the waste dump showed leaching of Cu (5.1%), Pb (4.0%) and Zn (3.3%), however the leaching rate was low except Mi (14.2%). From the yellowish soil sampled from the dumping site, the leaching of Cu (8.2%) and Ni (9.7%) was high while the leaching of Zn (0.2%) were relatively low.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.93-108
• /
• 2013

This study is aimed to prepare the effective detail survey methods(Phase II) of abandoned metal mines through the contamination assessment for mine types and facilities in the abandoned metal mine areas. The study sites of 12 abandoned mines are located in Gyeonggi-do and Gangwon-do and those were chosen among 310 sites that the Phase II survey was conducted from 2007 to 2009 after considering the results of Phase I for abandoned mines scattered all over the country. 12 study sites were classified into four types; Type I sites only have pit mouth. Type II sites have pit mouth and mine-waste field. Type III sites have pit mouth and tailing sorting field. Type IV sites have pit mouth, tailing sorting field and concentrator(s). In forest land, paddy soil and farm land of Type I, As and Cd were showed average concentration, and Cu and Pb were high on the pit mouth area in one mines where the pit mouth was developed within 500 m. In the mines of Type II, Cu and Pb were showed average concentration too, but As and Cd were slightly high in pit mouth and mine-waste field. The mines of Type III which had grinding particle process through physical separation milling or hitting showed similar tendency with Type II. However, mines of Type IV pit mouth, mine-waste field and showed various results depending on defining the contamination sources. For example, if contamination source was pit mouth, the mixed results of Type I, II, II were showed. In tailing sorting field which was regarded as the most important source and having high mobility, however, if there were no facilities or it was difficult to access directly, field sampling was missed occasionally during phase I and phase II survey. For that reason, the assessment for tailing sorting field is missed and it leads to completely different results. In the areas of Type I mines, the concentration of heavy metals exceeded precautionary standards of soil contamination or not within 1,000 meters of pit mouth. Nickel(Ni) was the largest factor of the heavy metal contamination in this type. The heavy metals except Arsenic(As) were shown high levels of concentration in Type II areas, where pit mouth and mine-waste field were operated for making powder in upriver region; therefore, to the areas in the vicinity of midstream and downstream, the high content of heavy metals were shown. The tendency of high level of heavy metals and toxic materials contained in flotation agent used during sorting process were found in soil around sorting and tailing field. In the abandoned-pit-mouth area, drygrinding area and tailing sorting field area, the content of Cupper(Cu) and Zinc(Zn) were higher than other areas. Also, the contaminated area were larger than mine reclamation area(2,000 m) and the location of tailing sorting field was one of the important factors to estimate contaminated area.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2002년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
• /
• pp.279-282
• /
• 2002

In this study, mine tailing buffer zone in cathode was used to overcome precipitation of heavy metals that reducing remediation efficiency during electrokinetic remediation. Test results showed that heavy metal transportation affected by initial soil pH which was verified through traditional test and enhanced test with two type of soils. With mine tailing enhanced method 39% of extraction rate was achieved in surface soil and significant transportation trend was observed in deep soil.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
• /
• pp.372-378
• /
• 2003

This study investigates the fractional composition and the leaching characteristics of heavy metals in polluted soils due to mining activities. The fractionated composition of heavy metals is classified into five fractions, adsorbed, carbonate, reducible, organic and residual fraction. The status of humic substances in mine wastes of most sites are polyhumic except tailing from Sangdong mine. According to the sequential extraction procedures (SEPs), leaching probabilities of Cd in coal wastes and tailing are relatively low due to high percentage of residual fraction. 46.4% of Ni in tailings from Sangdong mine is probably leached under oxidized environment, and 39.4% of Cu in these tailings is readily extracted under strongly oxidized environment by organic fraction. According to leaching condition of pH 3.0 and pH 5.6, the amount of heavy metals leached out of coal wastes and tailing increases to 1/2 hours. At pH 3.0 and pH 5.6, concentration of Ni in tailing increases up three times of the initial value. Heavy metals released from coal wastes and tailing were not influenced significantly by leaching time.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제34권5호
• /
• pp.461-470
• /
• 2001

시흥광산은 1973년 폐장되었으며 1990년 초에 선광장 및 광미야적장에 있던 광미들을 제거한 후 그 자리에 소각장을 건설하는 폐광 복원사업을 실시하였다. 그러나 현재에도 광미가 완전히 제거되지 않았으며 광산 가동기간동안 많은 양의 광미가 주변 토양 및 논으로 이동, 퇴적된 것이 확인되는 바 광미와 물 반응으로 인한 침출수 형성과 주변 지하수 토양의 중금속 오염이 예상된다. 된 연구는 잔류광미와 물 반응에 따른 광산배수의 지구화학적 진화과정을 분석하고 주변 지하수 · 토양 오염 가능성을 평가하고자 하였다. 광미에서 추출한 공극수는 깊이에 따라 그 농도가 증가함을 보여 광미-불 반응을 통하여 지속적으로 중금속이 용출됨을 시사한다. 광미 중금속 용출은 공극수뿐 아니라 표면과 심부에서 각자 채취한 광미시료들간의 화학성분 차이에서도 확인된다. 광산 배수 기원지역과 하부 지역의 지하수 시료를 거리에 따라 채취, 분석한 결과 Cd, Pb 및 Zn 등은 국내 및 미국환경청 음용수 기준을 초과하며 광산배수의 영향을 받은 결과로 해석된다. 실내 회분식 시험 결과 원소들은 농도가 급격히 감소하는 것과 비교적 일정한 농도를 보이는 두 가지 양상을 보였으며 이는 일부 원소들이 평형농도에 도달하고 있기 때문으로 생각된다 회분식 시험에 사용한 증류수의 평균 pH는 6.5∼7.0의 범위로 이를 pH 4로 조정한 결과 원소들의 용출량이 급격히 증가하였다. 본 지역의 잔류광미는 지속적으로 주변의 지하수와 토양을 오염시킬 것으로 판단되며 이는 산성비등의 영향으로 인하여 급격히 증가할 것이다.

• 자원리싸이클링
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.19-26
• /
• 2004

회중석 광석의 부유선별 공정에서 발생된 폐광미를 보통포틀랜드시멘트의 원료로 이용하기 위하여 폐광미의 사용량에 따른 조합원료 및 시멘트 클링커의 특성을 연구하였다. 폐광미에는 68.8%의 $_2$, 8.6%의 $Al_2$$O_3$, 10.8%의 Fe$_2$$O_3$, 5.0%의 CaO가 함유되어 있고, 주로 $\alpha$-quartz, muscovite, clinochlore 등으로 존재하며, 88$mu extrm{m}$ 잔사가 약 8.0% 정도 이다. 석회석, 전로슬래그, 플라이애쉬, 폐광미 등의 조합원료를 LSF: 91.0, SM: 2.60, IM: 1.60의 modulus로 혼합하여 클링커를 합성한 결과, 조합원료의 소성지수는 50.7정도이고, 클링커에 함유된 $C_3$S 및 $\beta$-C$_2$S의 결정크기는 15∼35$\mu\textrm{m}$로, 폐광미를 조합원료에 약 3.8%까지 사용할 수 있었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.45-55
• /
• 2003

연구의 목적은 광산활동에 의해 발생된 폐재에 의해 오염된 토양에 포함된 중금속의 존재형태와 용출특성에 대하여 비교 분석하는데 있다. 실험에 이용된 중금속 존재형태 분류는 다섯가지로 adsorbed, carbonate, reducible, organic과 residual 형태로 나누었다. 토양내 유기물의 함량 정도는 상동광산에서 발생된 광미가 석탄폐재보다 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 오염된 토양의 중금속 용출 실험에 의하면 석탄폐석과 광미내의 카드뮴의 경우 낮은 용출량을 보였으며, 대부분이 reduciblel fraction에서 용출된 것으로 관찰되었다 상동광산에서 발생된 광미에 포함된 니켈은 혐기성 상황이 되면 총량의 약 46.4％가 용출될 것으로 사료되며, 구리의 경우 약 39.4%가 용출될 것으로 판단된다. pH 3.0과 pH 5.6의 용출조건하에서 석탄 폐석과 광미의 용출랑의 점진적인 증가는 30분안에 이루어졌으며, 광미의 경우 니켈은 pH 3.0과 pH 5.6에서 용출 3시간까지 계속 증가되는 상태를 보였다.