Park, Jiyoung;Lee, Seuk-Ki;Park, Hye-Young;Choi, Hye-Sun;Cho, Dong-Hwa;Han, Sang-Ik;Lee, Kyung Ha;Oh, Sea-Kwan
한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
/
한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
/
pp.286-286
/
2017
We conducted to compare the characteristics of rice flours according to the different milling processes. Five rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.) with different amylose content were prepared by wet and dry milling processes. The moisture contents of wet-milled rice flours (WMR) was mostly three-time higher than those of dry-milled flours (DMR). Water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI) and swelling power (SP) increased in proportion to temperature ($50-90^{\circ}C$). WAI, WSI, SP of DMR showed higher value than those of WMR. Baeokchal (BOC) which is waxy rice cultivar was significantly high level of WSI. Pasting properties of DMR except BOC cultivar resulted in higher peak viscosity, trough viscosity, final viscosity and Setback. The levels of resistant starch in the four cultivars except Dodamssal (DDS) were under 1% irrespective of Milling processes, whereas the resistant starch contents of DMR and WMR in DDS was 9.18 and 6.27, respectively. Damaged starch content of WMR were less than those of DMR, moreover, negative correlation was observed between amylose content and damaged starch of rice cultivars. These results suggest that the properties of rice flour varied depending on the milling methods and varieties, and it could be a reference for selecting the appropriate processing purposes.
개체군생장율(CGR)은 유수형성기와 출수기 사이에 가장 높았는데, 주남벼, 낙동벼, 소비벼 등이 높았으며, 이삭의 등숙속도는 시비량이 증가할수록 증가하였고, 출수 후 20일까지 가장 많이 증가하고, 그 이후에는 점차 감소하는 경향이었는데, 주남벼, 소비벼에서 빨랐다. 관행재배에서 수량이 높은 품종은 소비재배에서도 수량이 높았으며, 소비재배시 수량에 가장 많은 영향을 미치는 수량구성요소는 단위면적당 영화수로, 고도의 정의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 또한 백미품위는 시비량이 증가할수록 감소하였는데, 소비벼의 품위가 가장 낮았으며, 사미와 분상 질립의 증가가 원인이었다.
In analyzing the operational characteristics of a rice whitening machine, the internal radial pressure of the machine was measured using strain gage equipment. Changes in cylinder and feed screw configurations, screen type, cylinder speed and counter-pressure levels were examined to determine their impact on the quality and quantity of milled rice and the performance of the machine. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The internal radial pressure in the whitening chamber varied with the surface condition of the grain being processed. During the first or second pass through the machine, pressure was relatively low, reached a maximum after two to three passes with combinations I and II, three to six with combination III and then began to fall. 2. The pitch of the feed screw and the size of the feed gate opening which determine the rate of entry of grain into the whitening chamber, appeared to be the most important factor aff-::cting the degree of radial pressure, quality and quantity of milled rice and the efficiency of the machine. Using a feed screw with a wide pitch (4.8cm), radial pressure was relatively high and head rice recovery ratio \vere quite low. In this case capacity and machine effic?iency were much higher than obtained when using a feed screw with a narrow pitch (2.3cm). Very significant responses in radial pressure, head rice recovery rates and machine capacity were observed with changes in cylinder speed and counter-pressure levels when using the wide pitch feed screw. 3. The characteristics of the screen which surrounds the whitening chamber had an important effect on whitening efficiency. The existence of small protuberances on the original screen resulted in significant increases in both machine capacity and efficiency but without a significant decrease in head rice recovery or development of excessive radial pressure. Further work is required to determine the effects of screen surface conditions and the shape of the cylinderical steel roller on the rate of bran removal, machine efficiency and recovery rates. The size of the slotted perforations 0:1 the screen affects total milled rice recovery. The opening size on the original screen was fabricated to accommodate the round shape of Japonica rice varieties but was not suitable for the more slender Indica type. Milling Indica varieties with this screen resulted in a reduction in total milled rice recovery. 4. An increase in cylinder speed from 380 to 820 rpm produced a positive effect on head rice recovery for all machine combinations at every level of counter-pressure used in the tests. Head rice recovery was considerably lower at 380rpm using a wide screw pitch when compared to the results obtained at speeds from 600 to 820 r.p.m. The effects of cylinder speed On radial pressure, capacity and machine efficiency showed contrasting results, depending on the width of the feed screw pitch. With a narrow feed screw pitch (2.3cm), a direct proportional relationship was observed bet?ween cylinder speed and both radial pressure and machine efficiency. In contrast, using a 4.8 centimeter pitch feed roller produced a series of inverse relationships between the above variables. Based on the results of this study it is recommended when milling Indica type long grain rice varieties that the cylinder speed of the original machine be increased from 500-600 rmp up to a minimum of 800 rpm to obtain a greater abrasive effect between the grain and the screen. The pitch of the feed screw should be also reduced to decr?ease the level of internal radial pressure and to obtain higher machine efficiency and increased quality of milled rice with increased cylinder speeds. Further study on the interaction between cylinder speed and feed screw pitch is recommended. 5. An increase in the counter pressure level produced a negative effect On the head rice recovery with an increase in radial pressure, capacity, and machine efficiency over all combinations and at every level of cylinder speed. 6. Head rice recovery rates were conditioned primarily by the pressure inside the whitening chamber. According to the empirical cha racteristics curve developed in this study, the relationships of head rice recovery ($Y_h$) and machine capacity ($Y_c$/TEX>) to internal radial pressure ($X_p$) followed an inverse quadratic function and a linear function respectively: $$Y_h^\Delta=\frac{1}{{1.4383-0.2951X_p^\ast+0.1425X_p^{\ast\ast}}^2} , (R^2=0.98)$$$$Y_c^\Delta=-305.83+374.37X_p^{\ast\ast}, (R^2=0.88)$$The correlation between capacity and power consumption per unit of brown rice expressed in the following exponential function: $$Y_c^\Delta=1.63Y_c^{-0.7786^\{\ast\ast}, (R^2=0.94)$$These relationships indicate that when radial pressure increases above a certain range (1. 6 to 2.0 kg/$cm^2$ based On the results of the experiment) head ricerecovery decrea?ses in a quadratic relation with a inear increase in capacity but without any decrease in power consump tion per unit of brown rice. On the other hand, if radial pressure is below the range shown above, power consumption increases dramatically with a lin?ear decrease in capacity but without significant increases in head rice recovery. During the operation of a given whitening machine, the optimum radial pressure range or the correct capacity range should be selected by controlling the feed rate and/or counter-pressure keeping in mind the condition of the grain, particulary the hardness. It was observed that the total number of passes is related to radial pessure level, feed rate and counter-pressure level. The higher theradial pressure the fewer num?ber of pass required but with decreased head rice recovery. In particular, when using high feed rates, the total number of passes should be increased to more than three by reducing the counter-pressure level to avoid decreaseases in head rice recovery (less than 65 percent head rice recovery on the basis of brown rice) at every cylinder speed. 7. A rapid rise in grain temperature seemed to have a close relationship with the pressure generated inside the whitening chamber and, subsequently with head rice reco?very rates. The higher the rate of increase, the lower were the resulting head rice recoveries.
In analyzing the operational characteristics of a rice whitening machine, the internal radial pressure of the machine was measured using strain gage equipment. Changes in cylinder and feed screw configurations, screen type, cylinder speed and counter-pressure levels were examined to determine their impact on the quality and quantity of milled rice and the performance of the machine. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The internal radial pressure in the whitening chamber varied with the surface condition of the grain being processed. During the first or second pass through the machine, pressure was relatively low, reached a maximum after two to three passes with combinations I and II, three to six with combination III and then began to fall. 2. The pitch of the feed screw and the size of the feed gate opening which determine the rate of entry of grain into the whitening chamber, appeared to be the most important factor aff-::cting the degree of radial pressure, quality and quantity of milled rice and the efficiency of the machine. Using a feed screw with a wide pitch (4.8cm), radial pressure was relatively high and head rice recovery ratio \vere quite low. In this case capacity and machine effic\ulcorneriency were much higher than obtained when using a feed screw with a narrow pitch (2.3cm). Very significant responses in radial pressure, head rice recovery rates and machine capacity were observed with changes in cylinder speed and counter-pressure levels when using the wide pitch feed screw. 3. The characteristics of the screen which surrounds the whitening chamber had an important effect on whitening efficiency. The existence of small protuberances on the original screen resulted in significant increases in both machine capacity and efficiency but without a significant decrease in head rice recovery or development of excessive radial pressure. Further work is required to determine the effects of screen surface conditions and the shape of the cylinderical steel roller on the rate of bran removal, machine efficiency and recovery rates. The size of the slotted perforations 0:1 the screen affects total milled rice recovery. The opening size on the original screen was fabricated to accommodate the round shape of Japonica rice varieties but was not suitable for the more slender Indica type. Milling Indica varieties with this screen resulted in a reduction in total milled rice recovery. 4. An increase in cylinder speed from 380 to 820 rpm produced a positive effect on head rice recovery for all machine combinations at every level of counter-pressure used in the tests. Head rice recovery was considerably lower at 380rpm using a wide screw pitch when compared to the results obtained at speeds from 600 to 820 r.p.m. The effects of cylinder speed On radial pressure, capacity and machine efficiency showed contrasting results, depending on the width of the feed screw pitch. With a narrow feed screw pitch (2.3cm), a direct proportional relationship was observed bet\ulcornerween cylinder speed and both radial pressure and machine efficiency. In contrast, using a 4.8 centimeter pitch feed roller produced a series of inverse relationships between the above variables. Based on the results of this study it is recommended when milling Indica type long grain rice varieties that the cylinder speed of the original machine be increased from 500-600 rmp up to a minimum of 800 rpm to obtain a greater abrasive effect between the grain and the screen. The pitch of the feed screw should be also reduced to decr\ulcornerease the level of internal radial pressure and to obtain higher machine efficiency and increased quality of milled rice with increased cylinder speeds. Further study on the interaction between cylinder speed and feed screw pitch is recommended. 5. An increase in the counter pressure level produced a negative effect On the head rice recovery with an increase in radial pressure, capacity, and machine efficiency over all combinations and at every level of cylinder speed. 6. Head rice recovery rates were conditioned primarily by the pressure inside the whitening chamber. According to the empirical cha racteristics curve developed in this study, the relationships of head rice recovery ($Y_h$) and machine capacity ($Y_c$/TEX>) to internal radial pressure ($X_p$) followed an inverse quadratic function and a linear function respectively: $$Y_h^\Delta=\frac{1}{{1.4383-0.2951X_p^\ast+0.1425X_p^{\ast\ast}}^2} , (R^2=0.98)$$$$Y_c^\Delta=-305.83+374.37X_p^{\ast\ast}, (R^2=0.88)$$ The correlation between capacity and power consumption per unit of brown rice expressed in the following exponential function: $$Y_c^\Delta=1.63Y_c^{-0.7786^\{\ast\ast}, (R^2=0.94)$$ These relationships indicate that when radial pressure increases above a certain range (1. 6 to 2.0 kg/$cm^2$ based On the results of the experiment) head ricerecovery decrea\ulcornerses in a quadratic relation with a inear increase in capacity but without any decrease in power consump tion per unit of brown rice. On the other hand, if radial pressure is below the range shown above, power consumption increases dramatically with a lin\ulcornerear decrease in capacity but without significant increases in head rice recovery. During the operation of a given whitening machine, the optimum radial pressure range or the correct capacity range should be selected by controlling the feed rate and/or counter-pressure keeping in mind the condition of the grain, particulary the hardness. It was observed that the total number of passes is related to radial pessure level, feed rate and counter-pressure level. The higher theradial pressure the fewer num\ulcornerber of pass required but with decreased head rice recovery. In particular, when using high feed rates, the total number of passes should be increased to more than three by reducing the counter-pressure level to avoid decreaseases in head rice recovery (less than 65 percent head rice recovery on the basis of brown rice) at every cylinder speed. 7. A rapid rise in grain temperature seemed to have a close relationship with the pressure generated inside the whitening chamber and, subsequently with head rice reco\ulcornervery rates. The higher the rate of increase, the lower were the resulting head rice recoveries.
'미광'은 1997년 중부지역 적응 고품질 품종을 육성할 목적으로 양질 다수성 계통인 SR15926-10-2-3-3-3와 익산431호를 인공 교배하여 계통육종법에 따라 육성하였다. 교배 후대에서 선발하여 육성된 우량계통에 대해 2년간(2005~2006) 생산력 검정시험을 실시한 결과, 중생종이고 도열병 및 흰잎마름병에 저항성이면서 도정특성과 쌀 외관 및 밥맛이 양호한 SR23725-55-3-2-3-2 계통을 선발하여 '수원514호'로 계통명을 부여하였다. '수원514호'는 2007~2009년 3년간 지역 적응시험에서도 그 우수성이 인정되어 2009년 12월 농촌진흥청 농작물 직무육성 신품종선정위원회에서 국가품종목록에 등재할 것을 결정하고 '미광'으로 명명하였으며, 지역적응시험 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. '미광'의 출수기는 8월 15일로 대비 품종 화성벼 보다 4일 늦은 중생종이며, 간장은 75 cm로 화성벼 보다 약간 작고, 주당 이삭수는 17개, 이삭당 벼알수는 98개이며, 등숙율은 86.3%, 현미천립중은 19.6 g인 중립종이다. 2. '미광'은 도열병 및 흰잎마름병에 강하며, 바이러스병 및 벼멸구류에는 약하고, 포장도복 저항성은 화성벼와 비슷한 편이다. 3. 냉수처리에 의한 내냉성 검정에서 '미광'은 출수지연 일수 및 임실율이 각각 20일 및 37%로 내냉성에 약한 경향이며, 등숙기 수발아율은 64%였다. 4. '미광'의 쌀 외관은 맑고 심복백이 없어 외관 품위가 좋으며, 단백질 및 아밀로스 함량은 각각 6.4% 및 19.3%이고, 밥맛 관능치는 0.08로 화성벼 -0.11 보다 우수하였다. '미광'의 제현율과 도정률은 83.9% 및 75.5%였고, 백미완전립률이 96.8%로 화성벼 보다 6.7% 높아 완전미 도정수율이 73.1%로 높았다. 5. '미광'의 쌀수량은 중부평야지에서 5.64 MT/ha, 중서부 해안지에서 5.25 MT/ha, 중북부중산간지에서 5.14 MT/ha 및 남동부해안지에서 5.95 MT/ha였고, 평균 쌀수량은 5.50 MT/ha로 화성벼 대비 5% 증수되었다.
Rice production in Korea began to rise significantly after 1970. Rice is the dominant food in Korea and most of the rice production (about 95%) is consumed as cooked rice. it provides over 4,000Kj of energy per capita per day. Apparent rice availability in 2000, 93.6Kg of milled rice per person annually. The non-allergenic character of rice offers a sound basis for development of products for markets for all age groups. Whole grains are washed rice, coated rice, enriched rice in Korea. Utilization of rice as food can be categorized three categories in Korea; direct food use, processed foods, and brewing. Rice for direct consumption include regular whole grain, precooked rice, brown rice and specialty products such as aseptic cooked rice, retort cooked rice and rice burger. Rice used for processed foods includes that for cereal, soup, baby food, snack, cake, noodle, brown rice tea, and minor unclassified uses. Rice use for brewing is for the production of fermented rice wine. The use of rice for direct food is by for the greatest of the three uses. Although direct food accounts for the largest domestic consumption, a significant quantity of rice is used in processed products. The use of rice by-products as human food should not be over looked. Utilization of by products(rice germ, rice bran) requires a specialized technology. Typical type of rice is black rice. When cooked, black rice gives a black color to cooked rice. Glutinous rice performs specific functions in several commercial products such as dessert, gravis, cake and snack. Rice starch production is quite limited because of the high cost of making of starch. Rice processed products in Korea are occupied small parts of total rice production compared to Japan. Rice cake (Garadog) is the principal from of rice product consumed in Korea. Rice cake and snack is usually prepared from non-glutinous milled by washing, grinding, steaming, cooling and packaging. Rice cake will be continued to be a major rice product in Korea. Rice products represent a means to study variety differences in rice grain quality, since the processing magnifies differences not normally detected from more boiling. Recently, rice processing companies in Korea are about 400 ones which uses rice about 160,000tons. New rice processed products and modified traditional products must be developed and diversified with high quality and processing properties of rice processed products are improved.
Rice whitening is performed by basically two different whitening actions known as abrasive and frictional. The former adopted in the emery stone abrasive type whiteners and the latter in the jet-air friction type. Comparative milling yields and whitening efficiencies between the whitening system consisting of jet-air friction type whiteners only and the system consisting of both abrasive- and jet-air friction-types have not yet been rigorously defined. This study was to examine the effect of combined operations of abrasive- and jet-air friction-type rice whiteners on milling yields and whitening efficiencies. The small capacity commercial units of the abrasive- and friction-type whiteners were used for the experiments. The combinations of whitening treatments were: 1) Once in the abrasive type and then two to three times in the friction type, 2) twice in the abrasive and then two to three times in the friction type and 3) three to five times in friction type. In these tests, counter pressures for the friction type whiteners were established differently as required to get about the same degree of whitening at the end of predetermined numbers of the repeated operations. The speed of emery stone and the slot angle of the screen were also the factors varied in the abrasive type whitener. Sheukwang rice variety having 13.05% M.C. was used in the tests. The dependent variables were the milled- and head-rice recoveries and electricity consumption. The results of the study are summarized as follows: 1. It was found that in the whitening systems consisting of abrasive- and friction-type whiteners slot angle of the screen, the rotational speed of emery stone roller had significant effect on the milling yields and whitening efficiency. In general, the increase of the emery stone roller speed from 690 to 950 rpm presented a positive effect on milling yield, and one-pass abrasive milling combinations had higher milling yields than two-pass abrasive milling combinations. 2. It was apparent that if the slot angle of the screen and the speed of emery stone roller are modified and set at an optimum level, the combination whitening system consisting of abrasive- and friction-type whiteners is better than the pure frictional whitening system consisting of jet-air friction type in terms of milling yields and efficiencies. 3. In the rice whitening system consisting of abrasive- and jet-air friction-type whiteners, the best whitening performance was obtained when the slot angle of the screen and the rotational speed of emery stone roller were $45^{\circ}$ and 950rpm, respectively, for the one-pass abrasive milling combinations. However, for the two-pass abrasive mi11ing combinations, the best performance was obtained with $75^{\circ}$ of slot angle and 950 rpm of the emery stone roller speed. 4. As compared with pure frictional whitening systems, the combination systems produced more milled rice by 0.8-1.0% point and more head rice by 0.5-1.5% point, and consumed less electricity by 0.15-0.20 KwH per 100kg of milled rice when the abrasive whiteners were operated in the modified conditions as described in item 3 above. Further study is recommended to find out optimum operational and design conditions of abrasive type whiterners.
1. 수확시기에 따른 도정수율은 메벼의 적기수확시기보다 5일정도 늦게 수확하는 것이 높았으며 품종에 따라서는 보석찰벼와 해평찰벼가 도정수율이 높았다. 2. 찹쌀의 특징인 불투명한 유백색은 수분함량 14.0%이상부터 점차 소실되기 시작하여 15.0%대에 마치 멥쌀이 섞인 것처럼 보이다가 16.0%이상에 도달될 경우는 거의 대부분이 멥쌀과 같은 외관을 나타냈다. 3. 수분 증가에 따른 찹쌀의 유백색 소실은 조기에 수확된 벼에서 더 민감하게 나타나기 때문에 가능한 수확시기를 적기 이후로 정하는 것이 건조효율이나 찹쌀 수율 측면에서 더 유리하다고 판단된다. 4. 찹쌀 고유의 유백색 발현을 최대로 하기 위해서는 찰벼 건조수분의 critical point은 13.5%이하였다.
This study was conducted to obtain a basic information necessary to assess present rice milling technology in Korea The profiles for milling plants was analyzed by survey work.For the private custom-work mills, which process about 80 percent of domestic rice consumption ,their actual milling test for the identical samples as used for filed mills was conducted. Two rice varieties Japonica and Tongil-type were associated with the experiments. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Analyses for private custom-work mills showed their general aspects as; about 91 percent of the mills belonged to an individual owner ship ; more than 93 percent of the mills was established earlier than 1950 ; about 80 percent of the mills was powered with electric motor; mills having less than two employees were about 75 percent; about 45 percent of the mills provided for warehouse in storing customers cereal grains. 2. The polishers installed in 1,255mills within the surveyed area (7 counties) have been supplied by 44 different domestic manufacturers ;in but about 60 percent of which was supplied by 6major manufacturers. The polishers could be classified into two categories in terms of principles of their polishing actions ;jet-pearler and friction types. About 51 percent of the mills was equipped with the former which has been recognized as giving greater milling recovery than the friction types. 3. Reason for owners of private mills to supplement new machines was due mainly to pgrading their mills to meet the requirements that established by the Government. However, about 60 percent of the mill owners intended to replace with new pearler by their own needs to meet with new high yielding varieties. 4. Processing systems of each previate rice mills surveyed could be classified into three categories, depending upon whether the systems posessed such components as precleaner and paddy separator or not. Only 36.7 percent of mills was installed with both precleanr ad paddy seperrator, 5.0 percent of mills did have neither percleaner nor paddy seperator, and rest of them equipped only one of the two. Hence,it is needed for about 63% of rice miils to be supplemented with these basic facilities to meet with the requirements for the standaized system. 5. Actual milling capacity measured at each field rice mills was shown a wide variation, having range from about 190 to 1,210 kg/hr. The percentages of mills classified according to daily milling capacity based on this hourly capacity were 24.3% for the capacity less than 3 M/T a day; 20.0% for 3-4 M/T; 15.6% for 4-5 M/T; 6.7% for 5-6 M/T; 22.3% for 6-7 M/T; and 11.0% for more than 7 M/T a day. 6. Actual amount of rice processed was about 310 M/T a year in average. About 42% of total milled rice was processed during October to Decembear, which formed a peak demand period for rice mills. The amount of rice milled during January to May was relatively small, but it had still a large amount compared to that during June to September. 7. Utilization rate of milling facility, i. e., percentage of the actual amount of milled rice to the capacity of rice mills, was about 18% on the year round average, about 41% in the peak demand season, and about 10% during June to September. Average number of operating days for mills surveyed was about 250 days a year, and about 21 days a month. 8. Moisture contents of paddy at the time of field mill tests were ranged 14.5% to 19.5% for both Japonica and Tong-i] varieties, majority of paddy grains having moisture level much higher than 1530. To aviod potential reduction of milling recovery while milling and deterioration of milled rice while storage due to these high grain mJisture contents, it may be very important for farmers holding rice to dry by an artificial drying method. 9. Milling recovery of JapJnica varieties in rice mills was 75.0% in average and it was widely ranged from 69.0% to 78.0 % according to mills. Potential increase in milJing recovery of Japonica variety with improvement of mill facilities was estimated to about 1.9%. On the other hand, milling recovery of Tong-il varieties in the field mill tests was 69.8% in average and it ranged from 62% to 77 %, which is much wider than that of Japonica varieties. It is noticed that the average milling recovery of Tong-il variety of 69.8% was much less than that of the Japonica-type. It was estimated th3.t up to about 5.0% of milling recovery for Tong-il variety could be improved by improving the present lo'.ver graded milling technology. 10. Head rice recoveries, as a factor of representing the quality of commercial goods, of Japonica and Tong-il varieties were 65.9% and 53.8% in average, and they were widely ranged from 52% to 73% and from 44% to 65% , respectively. It was assessed that head rice recovery of Japonica varieties can be improved up 3.3% and that of Tong-il varieties by 7.0% by improving mill components and systems.
중부 평야지에서 온난화 현황을 반영하여 조생종 벼의 이앙시기에 따른 완전미 수량의 변화를 검토하고, 완전미 수량 향상과 관련된 작물학적 특성을 분석하기 위하여, 2017~2018년 2년에 걸쳐 국립식량과학원 중부작물부(수원) 벼 재배시험 포장에서 6품종을 이용하여 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 완전미 무게는 품종에 따라 6월 14일~29일 이앙, 6품종 공통 6월 29일 이앙에서 통계적으로 가장 높았는데, 완전미 최고 무게를 나타낸 출수 후 40일간 등숙적온은 품종에 따라 $21.3{\sim}23.9^{\circ}C$, 6품종 평균 $21.8^{\circ}C$이었다. 2. 완전미 무게는 쌀 무게보다 완전립 비율과 더 밀접한 상관관계를 나타내었다. 3. 출수 후 40일간 등숙적온은 쌀 무게 기준에서 $23.5^{\circ}C$, 완전립 비율 기준에서 $20.5^{\circ}C$로, 쌀수량보다 품위 향상을 위한 등숙적온이 $3^{\circ}C$ 낮게 나타났다. 4. 완전미 무게 향상에 일정 부분 기여한 쌀 무게도 6품종 공통 6월 29일 이앙에서 가장 높았는데, 이에는 등숙비율과 $m^2$ 당 영화수의 증가가 기여하였다. 5. 오대 1품종을 이용하여 별도의 이앙시기 처리에서 검토하였을 때, 쌀수량이 가장 높았던 이앙시기에 $m^2$ 당 영화 수, 출수기 및 수확기 건물중, 수확지수가 통계적으로 가장 높은 수준이었다. 6. 결론적으로, 중부 평야지에서 조생종의 완전미 수량 향상을 위한 이앙적기는 품종에 따라 6월 14일~29일이었으며, 완전미 수량 향상의 작물학적 요인은 출수기 건물 중 증가에 따른 $m^2$ 당 영화수의 증대와 수확기 건물중 및 수확지수 증가에 따른 등숙비율의 향상, 그리고 완전립 비율 향상으로 분석되었다.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.