• Title/Summary/Keyword: Milking

Search Result 237, Processing Time 0.025 seconds

Study on Milkability Traits in Holstein Cows

  • Lee, D.H.;Choudhary, V.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • v.19 no.3
    • /
    • pp.309-314
    • /
    • 2006
  • The present investigation was undertaken to study the milkability characteristics of Holstein cows. Out of 6,660 initial records 4,607 records were finally included in the analysis after deleting some records with an abnormal range of values for the traits considered. These 4,607 Holstein cows belonged to a total of 122 herds located in a province in Korea. The 'LactoCorder' instrument was used to electronically record the milkability traits at the milking parlor. A total of 19 traits were studied which were broadly classified into milk yield, milking speed, milking time and the electrical conductivity related traits. The SAS 9.1 statistical software was used to carry out analyses. The average maximum milk flow per minute was 3.21 kg/min, while the average milking speed during the main milking process (DMHG) had a mean value of 2.30 kg/min. The total milk yield was 14.14 kg, 62% of which was milked during the first three minutes of the milking. The average total milking time was 8.23 min. Among the three phases of the main milking process, the time of stable milk flow had the longest time (2.97 min) followed by the time at the decline phase (2.62 min). The average time taken to reach the plateau phase was 1.08 min, which can still be reduced further through improved managemental practices. Among milk yield traits, milk yield during the first two (MG2) and three (MG3) minutes of milking had high positive correlation with milking speed traits and negative correlations with almost all the milking time traits except time of incline in milk flow from 0.5 kg/min till the attainment of the plateau phase (tAN). Milking speed traits had negative correlations with total milking time, time at main milking process, time at plateau and with the time at decline. Since there was medium to high negative correlation between the milking speed and the time at plateau, there is a need for selection of cows which have intermediate milking speed so that it could require less milking time and also the optimum (higher and longer) plateau time. Proper pre-stimulation and avoiding over milking will help in further reducing the milking time and thus will add to the net profit of the farmer.

Cows per Man-Hour(CMPH) based on Time and Motion Studies for various Milking Systems (착유시설 형태에 따른 착유 노동생산성에 관한 연구)

  • 정태영;김형화;김동일;이정호;이홍표;김종민;이연섭
    • Journal of Animal Environmental Science
    • /
    • v.3 no.2
    • /
    • pp.87-95
    • /
    • 1997
  • This study was peformed to compare work routine time and performance of milking systems by measuring motion and time in milking procedure. Data were collected from thirteen dairy farms among which milking was done by bucket in two farms, by pipelines in three, by tandem parlors in four including one remodeled side-opening, by herringborn parlors in three and by a parallel milking parlor. Recording time and motion for milking parlor. Recording time and motion for milking procedure was performed by stopwatch and notebook computer. Work routine elements were recorded and calculated into cows milked per-man-hour(CMPH). The results are as follows : Average milking time per cow(MTPC) in bucket and pipeline milking systems usually installed in cow stall were 442.7 and 395.8 seconds, respectively. And average CMPH of bucket and pipeline milking system were 144.5, 303.3, 272.5 and 380.3 seconds, respectively. And CMPH of tandem, herringbone, parallel and modified side-opening systems were 24.9, 11.9, 13.2 and 9.5 heads, respectively. CMPH was the highest in the tandem milking system and the lowest in the bucket milking facilities. CMPH, when milked in a parlor resulted in high value compared with bucket or pipeline milking systems installed in cow stable. They showed considerably low CMPH compared with the results of other countries. The reason why so low CMPH could be derived from type and mechanization of facilities and equipment, operator's ability, number of operator, idle time and milking procedure.

Development of a Robotic Milking Cluster System (착유 자동화를 위한 로봇 착탈 시스템)

  • 이대원;최동윤;김현태;이원희;권두중;이승기;한정대
    • Journal of Animal Environmental Science
    • /
    • v.6 no.2
    • /
    • pp.113-119
    • /
    • 2000
  • A Robotic milking cluster system with the manipulator for an automatic milking system was designed and built for farmer to work easily and comfortably during milking processing. The cluster system was composed of screws, cams and links for power transmission, DC motors, the Quick Basic one-chip microprocessor, the vision system for image processing, and tea-cups. Software, written in Visual C+ and Quick Basic, combined the function of image capture, image processing, milking cluster control, and control into one control. The unit was made to transfer from four fixed points to four teats with four teat-cups. Performance tests of the cluster unit, the fully integrated system, were conducted to attach and detach the teat-cup on the teat of a artificial cow. The transfer programming provided for a teat-cup milking loop during the system starts and comes back the original fixed point at the manipulator of it for milking. It transferred the teat-cup with a success rate of more than 70%. The average time it took ot perform the milking loop was about 20 seconds.

  • PDF

The Effect of the Milk Yield and Performance Analysis of Robot Milking System (로봇 착유시스템의 착유성능 및 착유량에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, W.;Lee, D.W.
    • Journal of Animal Environmental Science
    • /
    • v.15 no.1
    • /
    • pp.29-36
    • /
    • 2009
  • The authors of this study have developed a robot milking system composed of a multi-articular manipulator, a teat-cup attachment system, and an image processing system. In order to verify the efficacy of this system, we have conducted a performance analysis and measurement experiment of milk yield, using dairy cattle. It was concluded that teat recognition using the image processing system, teat-cup attachment, and detachment system did not binder milking. The milking yield of the robot milking system was analyzed based on a lactation curve. As a result, it was determined that the use of a robot milking system had no significant effects on milking yields. The robot milking system described in this study is designed specifically with a focus on teat-cup attachment and detachment performance, as well as the effect of these factors on milking yield. In the future, in-depth studies regarding the washing of the teats prior to milking, teat massage, pre-treatment and post-treatment processes after milking, and disinfection processes shall be conducted, in order to render this system feasible for use in an actual milking parlor.

  • PDF

Bias and Accuracy of Single Milking Testing Schemes to Estimate Daily Milk (검정일 1회 검정에 의한 착유우의 1일 유량 추정시 오차와 정확도)

  • Cho, Y.M.;Ahn, B.S.;Choi, Y.L.
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.45 no.5
    • /
    • pp.725-730
    • /
    • 2003
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the adequacy of an alternative a.m.-p.m. testing scheme for milk yield in comparison with the official test method based on weighing two milkings within 24 h. A total of 8,309 p.m. milking weights and 6,767 a.m. milking weights from 72 Holstein cows raised at N.L.R.I. were collected between October 2000 and November 2001. Ratios were computes for daily milk yield to a.m. and p.m. milking weights(direct yield ratios) and ratios of a.m. and p.m. milking weights to daily milk yield (inverse yield ratios). Analysis of variance indicated that the milking interval is the most important source of variation for yield ratios. Adjustment factors for estimating daily milk yield from single milking weights were derived through regression analysis of direct and inverse yield ratios on the length of the milking interval. Daily milk yield was estimated more precisely and accurately when adjustment factors were used than when single milking weights were doubled. In conclusion, alternative recording of a.m. and p.m. milking weights led to reliable estimates of milk yields.

Analytical studies of bovine mastitis management by standard plate counts(SPC) and somatic cell counts(SCC) (젖소 유방염 관리에 따른 세균 및 체세포수 등급 실태 조사 분석)

  • 허정호;정명호;박영호;조명희;이주홍
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
    • /
    • v.21 no.3
    • /
    • pp.285-300
    • /
    • 1998
  • 1. The number of average milking cows, clinical forms of mastitis, mastitis-developing cows, and cows killed by mastitis a year were 25.7, 1.8(7%), 6.3(26%), and 2.7(10.1%)heads, respectively. The annual grade changes of standard plate counts(SPC) and somatic cell counts(SCC) showed the grade 1A of SPC diminished sharply from April to August, we think it was due to the lack of proper management in farming season and the grade 3 of SCC indirectly influenced increased in huge during August. 2. The average number of parturitions of farms was 2.3, but 50% of below 1 parturition were 22 farms(31%), 50% of above 3 parturitions were 16(23%) out of 71 farms. According to grades of the number of parturitions of milking cows per each farm, the farms' grades recording 3 parturitions and 50% were little bit excellent. 3. The actual situation research of foremilking CMT revealed 35 out of 74 farmer didn't do CMT Among them(35 out of 74 farmers), 80% did not test thanks to the troublesome process of the CMT. SCC grade 3, among farms who did foremilking CMT once or twice a month and who did not were 29% and 40% respectively and SPC grade 1A were 55% and 9%, respectively. 4. The research of actual situation on milking management let us know 29 farms(39%) did not do lastmilking, 37 farms(49%) usually did overmilking, and 34 farms(46%) did milking for 4 or 5 minutes. Grades according to average requiring times of milking showed SCC grade 1 of farms milking within 7 minutes was 11% and SPC grade 1A was 34%, on the other side, farms milking more than 7 minutes were 0% in SCC grade 1 and 13% in SPC grade 1A. Grades according to the starting time of milking after rubbing teats showed SPC grade 1A of farms starting milking at about 1 minute and over 2 minutes were 50% and 20%, respectively. 5. The research of actual situation on hygienic milking management uncovered 65 farms(88%) were using one towel which was used in washing teats and udders to wash more than 3 to 4 cows, and 53 farms(72%) were using one dried towel to dry udders not for each cow but for more than 3 to 4 cows after washing. Also, on milking turns disclosed 30 farms(40%) were milking cows in the order of incoming without isolation of a dominant group. According to grades of towels used in washing teats and udders, farms using a towel for each cow were 56% and a towel for over 3 cows were 31% in SPC grade 1A. According to using-or-not grades of dried towels after washing udders, farms using a towel for each cow were 79% and a towel for over 3 cows were 21% in SPC grade 1A. 6. Farms doing teat-dipping before milking were 7(10%), not doing teat-dipping after milking, or doing sometimes were 9(12%), and doing right after milking were 57(77%). And farms doing teat-dipping after dry cows and before delivery were 21(28a ). Farms using bethadine as an antiseptic solution were 70(95%), 40 farms(59%) diluted it with water as weak as 5 to 10 times, and on drying cows 64 farms(87%) slowly did it more than 2 days. Grade 1A of SPC of farms doing teat-dipping at every milking was 38%, farms doing occasionally or not was 33%, and farms doing it right after milking was 37% and doing after milking more than 5 cows was 20%. Grade 1A of SPC among farms diluting bethadine 5 times and diluting 5 to 10 times with water were 36% and 33%, respectively, and Grade 3 of SCC were 35% and 32%, respectively. 7. Studies on nonlactating period medical treatment, as the cows were on dry, 54 farms treated with their own hands.73 farms(98%) had bovine mastitis treated for themselves. And on applying medicines against mastitis, 55 farmers chose them on the basis of their own experience, 42 farms(57%) were treated more than 3 days. 41 farms(55%) dumped away the mastitis infected milk separately, 24 farms(32%) were feeding and milking at the same time. 8. Fifty-six farms(76%) always washed and disinfected milking machines after milking. Farms using the milking machines at low, or variable vacuum pressures, or at the vacuum pressure, set at the moment of its installation were 31(42%), and farms that did not know pulsation ratio were 27(37%). Farms changing liners when they were torn 8(11%), 58 farms(78%) said they checked milking system when there were wrong with them, 31 farms(42%) changed milking hoses when they found out problems, and 42 farms(57%) cleaned vacuum and milking systems when they felt dirty. The SPC grade 1A of farms washing and sterilizing milking machines was 38% and farms only washing was 28%.

  • PDF

Correlation Analysis Between Milking Levels and Automatic Milking System of Dairy Cattle (젖소의 산유수준과 자동착유시스템간의 상관관계 분석)

  • Nam, In-Sik;Chang, Kyeong-Man;Son, Yong-Suk;Ki, Kwang-Seok;Jung, Ha-Yeon;Kang, Hee-Seol;Park, Seong-Min
    • Journal of Animal Environmental Science
    • /
    • v.21 no.2
    • /
    • pp.65-70
    • /
    • 2015
  • Total three hundred and fourteen dairy cows were used in this study to analysis of correlation between milking levels and automatic milking system (AMS). Cows were divided into five groups according to their milking levels (over 50 kg/day, 49~40 kg/day, 39~30 kg/day, 29~20 kg/day, 19~10 kg/day). All groups were compared with daily milking number, rejected number by AMS, residence time at AMS, milking time, flow rate of milk. Daily milking number and milking time were higher in the group of over 50 kg and 49~40 kg than that of other groups (p<0.05). There are no correlation on rejected number by AMS, residence time at AMS and flow rate of milk between milking levels and AMS. In addition, we found that the milk yield affected to feed intake and rumination of dairy cows. In conclusion, present results indicated that installation of AMS on dairy farms with high milk producing cows might be affected positively.

Influence of milking frequency on genetic parameters associated with the milk production in the first and second lactations of Iranian Holstein dairy cows using random regression test day models

  • Damane, Moslem Moghbeli;Fozi, Masood Asadi;Mehrgardi, Ahmad Ayatollahi
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.58 no.2
    • /
    • pp.5.1-5.9
    • /
    • 2016
  • Background: The milk yield can be affected by the frequency of milking per day, in dairy cows. Previous studies have shown that the milk yield is increased by 6.25 % per lactation when the milking frequency is increased from 2 to 3 times per day while the somatic cell count is decreased. To investigate the effect of milking frequency (3X vs. 4X) on milk yield and it's genetic parameters in the first and second lactations of the Iranian Holstein dairy cows, a total of 142,604 test day (TD) records of milk yield were measured on 20,762 cows. Results: Heritability estimates of milk yield were 0.25 and 0.19 for 3X milking frequency and 0.34 and 0.26 for 4X milking frequency throughout the first and second lactations, respectively. Repeatability estimates of milk yield were 0.70 and 0.71 for 3X milking frequency and 0.76 and 0.77 for 4X milking frequency, respectively. In comparison with 3X milking frequency, the milk yield of the first and second lactations was increased by 11.6 and 12.2 %, respectively when 4X was used (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Results of this research demonstrated that increasing milking frequency led to an increase in heritability and repeatability of milk yield. The current investigation provided clear evidences for the benefits of using 4X milking frequency instead of 3X in Iranian Holstein dairy cows.

The effect of lactation number, stage, length, and milking frequency on milk yield in Korean Holstein dairy cows using automatic milking system

  • Vijayakumar, Mayakrishnan;Park, Ji Hoo;Ki, Kwang Seok;Lim, Dong Hyun;Kim, Sang Bum;Park, Seong Min;Jeong, Ha Yeon;Park, Beom Young;Kim, Tae Il
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • v.30 no.8
    • /
    • pp.1093-1098
    • /
    • 2017
  • Objective: The aim of the current study was to describe the relationship between milk yield and lactation number, stage, length and milking frequency in Korean Holstein dairy cows using an automatic milking system (AMS). Methods: The original data set consisted of observations from April to October 2016 of 780 Holstein cows, with a total of 10,751 milkings. Each time a cow was milked by an AMS during the 24 h, the AMS management system recorded identification numbers of the AMS unit, the cow being milking, date and time of the milking, and milk yield (kg) as measured by the milk meters installed on each AMS unit, date and time of the lactation, lactation stage, milking frequency (NoM). Lactation stage is defined as the number of days milking per cows per lactation. Milk yield was calculated per udder quarter in the AMS and was added to 1 record per cow and trait for each milking. Milking frequency was measured the number of milkings per cow per 24 hour. Results: From the study results, a significant relationship was found between the milk yield and lactation number (p<0.001), with the maximum milk yield occurring in the third lactation cows. We recorded the highest milk yield, in a greater lactation length period of early stage (55 to 90 days) at a $4{\times}$ milking frequency/d, and the lowest milk yield was observed in the later stage (>201 days) of cows. Also, milking frequency had a significant influence on milk yield (p<0.001) in Korean Holstein cows using AMS. Conclusion: Detailed knowledge of these factors such as lactation number, stage, length, and milking frequency associated with increasing milk yield using AMS will help guide future recommendations to producers for maximizing milk yield in Korean Dairy industries.

Research on the Amount of Wastewater Produced from the Different Milking System (착유시스템별 세척수 발생량에 관한 연구)

  • 최동윤;강희설;곽정훈;최희철;김재환;김태일;이덕수;권두중;한정대
    • Journal of Animal Environmental Science
    • /
    • v.7 no.2
    • /
    • pp.77-82
    • /
    • 2001
  • This research was carried out to investigate the daily amount and characteristics of wastewater produced from bucket milkers, pipeline, tandem ad herringbone milking system for washing operations after milking included 28 dairy farms. The average amount of wastewater produced from milking system was 9.8l/head/day. The amount of wastewater varied from a low of 8.2 litters/head/day(pipeline milking system) to 13.4 litter/head/day(herringbone milking system). The moisture content, Biochemical Oxygen Demand($BOD_5$), Chemical Oxygen Demand($COD_{Mn}$), Suspended Solids(SS), Total Nitrogen(T-N) and Total Phosphorus(T-P) concentration of wastewater were 99.9%, 394mg/l, 417.3mg/l, 1,201.3mg/l, 3.78mg/l, 0.51mg/l.

  • PDF