• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2000년도 국제심포지움
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• pp.7-8
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• 2000

Transgenic animals are very useful for scientific, pharmaceutical, and agricultural purposes. In livestock, transgenic technology has been used forthe genetic alteration of farm animals, the production of human proteins inlarge quantities in the milk of transgenic farm animals, and the generation of animals with organs suitable for xenotransplantation. To date, the transfer of foreign genes into farm animals has been performed mainly by microinjection of DNA into the pronuclei of fertilized eggs. However, the overall success rate of transgenic animals in livestock so far has been disappointingly low, eg., the efficiency is 0∼5% in swine, and less than 1% in sheep and cattle, compared with the rate in mice where 5% microinjected develop into transgenic animals. Recently, McGreath et al. (2000) have succeeded in producing the gene targeted sheep by the use of nuclear transfer from cultured somatic cells transfected with a foreign gene in vitro. However, we may need plenty of time until currently employ this method for gene transfer to farm animals. We have been studying to exploit the method for improving production efficiencies of transgenic animals with emphasis of its application to farm animals. The present paper describes three approaches that we have made in our laboratory to improve production efficiencies of transgenic animals, based on the DNA microinjection method. 1. Co-injection of restriction enzyme with foreign DNA into the pronucleus for elevating production efficiencies of transgenic animals. 2. Efficient selection of transgenic mouse embryos using EGFP as a marker gene. 3. Phenotypes of tansgenic mice expressing WAP/hGH-CAG/EGFP fusion gene produced by selecting transgenic embryos. 4. Efficient site-specific integration of the transgene targeting an endogenous lox like site in early mouse embryos.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.398-405
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• 1986

루우핀 콩의 식품가공 적성을 평가하기 위하여 서호주에서 생산된 Lupinus angustifolius의 종실을 삶음 속도, 콩나물 성장속도 및 균체성장속도 등을 검토하고 또한 루우핀 종실로부터 만들어진 단백질 농축물(LPC)을 우리나라 식품제조에 활용하는 방안등을 조사하였다. 루우핀 콩의 수분 침지속도는 대두보다 컸으나 삶음 속도는 대두보다 크게 떨어졌다. 가열에 의한 연화속도 $D_{100}$은 대두의 경우 84분이었으나 루우핀 콩의 경우 345분이었다. 루우핀 콩에 포함되어 있는 잔유 쓴맛성분(주로 알카로이드)와 황색색소 및 지방은 핵산-알콜-물을 혼합한 이상용매로 제거할 수 있으며 여기에서 얻어진 단백질 농축물은 단백질 함량 50% 이상을 함유하며 유백색의 순한 풍미를 가지는 물질로 우수한 식품재료로 판단되었다. 루우핀콩 단백질 농축물에 탄수화물(주로 셀롤로오스)분해효소 처리를 하면 가용성이 높고 단백질 함량이 증가된 제품을 얻을 수 있다. 이들 재료들을 이용하여 식물성 대용유와 유산균 발효음료의 제조 가능 하였으며 이들 제조방법의 제문제를 검토하였다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.485-498
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to acquire information related to recognition of atopic dermatitis, asthma, and snack intake status among middle school students in the Seoul area. The survey was carried out by self-questionnaires on 535 students in the 2nd and 3rd grade (88 Patients: atopic dermatitis and asthma group and 428 Control: healthy group). All data were analyzed using SPSS (version 13.0) software. The results were as follows: Among patients, females (61.4%) had a significantly higher prevalence of symptoms than males (38.6%) (p<0.001). Body mass index was not significantly different between the patients and Control group. The most common source for obtaining information about atopic dermatitis and asthma was 'TV or radio' (38.4%), followed by 'family members or relatives' (27.3%) in patients, but 'Internet' (22.2%) was most common in the control group (p<0.05). Although awareness of atopic dermatitis and asthma was similarly low between the two groups, patients had a higher percentage of correct answers on atopic knowledge (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in knowledge of asthma between the two groups. Frequency of snack intake was significantly lower in patients (p<0.05), and consumption of sundae, fried food, liquefied fermented milk, hamburger, pizza, and french fries was also significantly lower (p<0.05). The reason of selecting snacks was mainly 'taste' in both groups. In conclusion, education regarding atopic knowledge and appropriate snack selection is necessary for students with atopic dermatitis or asthma.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.162-168
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• 2001

분변과 요구르트에서 10주의 젖산균을 분리하여 이중 6주는 Bifidobactria로 4주는 Lactobacilli로 동정하였다. 이들은 이용하여 8% 증숙밤용액을 발효시켰을 때 발효액의 산도는 요구르트보다는 낮았으나 두유를 비롯한 식물성 요구르트보다는 2배이상 높았다. 산도를 증가시키기 위해 Yeast extract 와 tryptone peptone를 첨가할 때 0.2%와 0.4%의농도에서 가장 높았다. 포도당을 0.5-0.8% 범위의 첨가하였을 때 lactobacilli에 의한 발효액에서는 산생성이 촉진되었으나. bifidobacteria 에서는 그렇지 않았다. 시험된 과일과 채소즙 중에서는 당근즙의 첨가가 가장 큰 촉진 효과를 나타내었다. 25% 밤용액에서는 고지추출액에 의한 가수분해는 젖산생성을 크게 촉진하였으나 가수분해하지 않은 8% 밤용액에서는 젖산생성량과 비교하였을 때 산생성 순증가량은 그다지 크지 않았다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.358-369
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• 1997

우리나라 주요 사망원인중의 하나가 되고 있는 혈관질환의 주된 위험인자로 고콜레스테롤 혈증이 지적되고 있다. 콜레스테롤 저하효과가 있는 식이 인자에는 단백질의 종류, 지방의 종류와 양, 식이섬유, 우유, 칼슘, flavonoid 등이 있다. 특히 수용성 식이 섬유의 콜레스테롤 저하효과는 현저하며 동물실험과 인체실험을 통하여 확인되었다. 혈장 콜레스테롤 저하효과가 현저한 식이섬유에는 psyllium husk, pectin, oat fiber, guar gum, sodium alginate 등이 있으며, 농도에 비례하여 그 효과가 커지는 것은 아닌듯하다. 수용성 식이섬유의 콜레스테롤 저하효과에 대한 정확한 기작은 알려져 있지 않으나 몇 가지 가설이 제시되고 있다. 첫째, 식이섬유가 장에서 점성용액을 형성하여 지질 흡수를 저해함으로써 혈장과 간 콜레스테롤 농도를 낮춘다는 것이며, 둘째, 체내 콜레스테롤이 체외로 배설되는 유일한 경로인 담즙산의 소장흡수를 방해하고 변으로의 배설을 증가시켜 체내 콜레스테롤 pool 크기를 감소시킨다는 것이다. 세째, 대장미생물에 의해 생성된 식이섬유의 발효부산물인 short chain fatty acids가 콜레스테롤의 합성을 저해한다는 것이다. 이외에도 여러 가설들이 제시되고 있으며, 이러한 가설들이 서로 상호 배제적인 것은 아니며, 단독으로 혹은 복합적으로 작용하는 것으로 보인다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.289-297
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• 2015

Ethyl carbamate (EC) classified as a probable human carcinogen (Group 2A) is naturally formed in alcoholic beverages and fermented foods during fermentation process and/or during storage. The objective of this study was to analyze EC in 34 food items including 14 alcoholic beverages and 20 fermented foods sold in Korea. Each food was collected from 18 supermarkets in 9 metropolitan cities in Korea, and then made into composite. According to food composition and alcohol content, samples were divided into four matrices such as apple juice, milk, Soju (liquor containing about 20% alcohol), and rice porridge. The maximum EC value of $151.06{\mu}g/kg$ was found in Maesilju (liquor made from Maesil and Soju). Whisky and Bokbunjaju (Korean black raspberry wine) contained $9.90{\mu}g/kg$ and $6.30{\mu}g/kg$, respectively. EC was not detected in other alcoholic beverages. Of 20 fermented foods, Japanese-style soy sauce had highest level of $15.59{\mu}g/kg$ and traditional one contained $4.18{\mu}g/kg$. Soybean paste had $1.18{\mu}g/kg$, however, EC was not found in other fermented foods.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.317-324
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• 2003

The present study were performed to analysis the hematocrit and the red blood cells content into the blood plasma of the transgenic pigs harboring recombinent human erythropoietin gene (rhEPO). Mouse whey acidic protein (mWAP) linked to rhEPO gene was microinjected into pronuclei of porcine one-cell zygotes. After delivered of offspring, PCR analyses identified one mWAP-rhEPO transgenic founder offspring(F$_{0}$). The first generation of transgenic pig (F$_{0}$) harboring mWAP-hEPO appeared to be a male, and the second generation (F$_1$) pigs were made by natural mating of F$_{0}$ with domestic swine, and male and female transgenic pigs (F$_1$) were identified by PCR. The blood samples from transgenic and normal pigs were collected for 50 days during lactation and were counted the red blood cell (RBC) numbers and Hematocrit (HCT) content into the blood. The transgenic pigs expressing rhEPO in their blood gave rise to higher RBC numbers and HCT contents than control animals. rhEPO was secreted both in the blood and milk of genetically engineered pigs harboring rhEPO gene. Therefore, this study provides a model regarding the production of transgenic pig carrying hEPO transgene for biomedical research.earch.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.726-731
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• 2003

The aim of this research was to identify candidate probiotic lactic bacteria among indigenous dadih lactic isolates. Dadih is an Indonesian traditional fermented milk of West Sumatra which is fermented naturally. Viability of the strain is critical in determining the capacity of lactic bacteria to induce immune stimulation as well as to colonize in the intestinal tract. Therefore, LAB are proposed to exert health promoting or probiotic effects in human, such as inhibition of pathogenic microflora, antimutagenic, and the reduction of cholesterol levels. This manuscript reports in vitro probiotic properties of indigenous dadih lactic bacteria, especially some important colonization factors in GI tract, such as lysozyme, acid and bile tolerance. Bile Salt Hydrolase (BSH) activity, spectrum of bacteriocin, and antimutagenic activity of bacterial cells were also assessed. Twenty dadih lactic isolates were screened further for their tolerance to low pH, at pH 2 and 3 as well as their bile tolerance. There were ten isolates classified as acid and bile acid tolerant, and further screened for lysozyme tolerance, BSH activity. The spectrum of bacteriocin activity of isolates was assayed using cell-free neutralized supernatants by agar spot test against variety of pathogens. Lc. lactis subsp. lactis IS-10285, IS-7386, IS-16183, IS-11857 and IS-29862, L. brevis IS-27560, IS-26958 and IS-23427, Leu.mesen.mesenteroides IS-27526, and L. casei IS-7257 each has good survival rate at low pH values and in the presence of lysozyme, and short lag time in the presence of 0.3 % oxgall. Lc. lactis subsp. lactis IS-11857 and IS-29862 each has high BHS activity, Lc. lactis subsp. lactis IS-10285 and IS-16183 each had a positive spectrum of bacteriocin activity against E. coli 3301 and Lysteria monocytogenes ATCC 19112, while L. brevis IS-26958 has high BHS activity as well as positive spectrum of bacteriocin against E. coli 3301, Lysteria monocytogenes ATCC 19112, and S. aureus IFO 3060. All of the ten dadih lactic strains performed in vitro acid and bile tolerance, indicating a possibility to reach the intestine alive, and display probiotic activities.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.1135-1155
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• 2007

Selenium is considered to be one of the most controversial trace elements. On the one hand, it is toxic at high doses and there is a great body of information related to environmental issues of Se contamination. On the other hand, Se deficiency is a global problem related to an increased susceptibility to various diseases of animals and humans and decreased productive and reproductive performance of farm animals. Optimisation of Se nutrition of poultry and farm animals will result in increased efficiency of egg, meat and milk production and even more important, will improve quality. From the data presented in the review it is clear that the main lesson which we have to learn from nature is how to use organic selenium in animal and human diets. Selenium-enriched yeast (Sel-Plex) is the result of such a lesson and it is just a matter of time before animal nutrition moves completely from using ineffective sodium selenite to organic selenium. Other lessons from nature will follow. Recent advances in genomics and proteomics, in association with descriptions of new selenoproteins, will be a driving force in reconsidering old approaches related to Se nutrition. Probably 90% of all Se research has been conducted with sodium selenite and we now understand that the natural form of selenium is different. The main advances in Se status assessment and Se requirements were established based on the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), an enzyme which for many years was considered to be the main selenoprotein. Recently it was discovered that it is only one of at least 25 various selenoproteins. Se research and practical applications are developing quickly and they are very exciting and promising.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2001년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.59-59
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• 2001

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is known as a regulator of inflammation and pathogenesis in mammalian organs, but its precise role is little known in the mammary gland. Our initial experiment showed that IL-10 expression levels in mice decreased at the lactation stage otherwise increased at the involution stage. To reveal the effects of IL-10 on the involution of mammary gland, expression profiles of the apoptosis-related genes were examined in transgenic mice expressing human IL-10 as well as in knock-out mice (IL-10-/-). Mild inflammatory legions by lymphocytes were observed in the mammary glands of transgenic lines at the lactation stage. The expression of TRAIL (Tumor necrosis factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand) among the apoptosis-related genes was highly elevated in the transgenic mice while others were not significantly changed. Furthermore, TRAIL was down regulated by four fold in the IL-10-/- mice at the involution stage. The expression of DR4 was elevated at the involution stage of normal mice. DR4 was detected in the milk of transgenic mice but absent in that of normal mice. Our results proposed that the elevated IL-10 at the involution stage recruit lymphocytes and induce TRAIL and DR4 genes, therefore, lead to enter involution stage of mammary glands.