• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.175-187
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to find the relationship between Achilles tendon angle, angular velocity from 2D cinematography utilized to easily analyze the functions of shoes, ankle joint moment, knee joint moment, and hip joint moment from 3D cinematography utilized to predict the injury. Also, this study was to provide the optimal standard to analyze the injury related to the shoes. Subjects in this study were 30 university male students and 18 conditions (2 types of running speed, 3 of midsole hardness, 3 of midsole height) were measured using cinematography and force platform. The results were as following. 1) Hip joint abduction moment was effected by many variables such as running speed, midsole height, maximum achilles tendon angle, ground reaction force. 2) Knee joint rotational moment in running was approximately 1/10 - 1/4 times of the injury critical value and eversion moment was approximately 1/4 - 1/2 times of the injury critical value. 3) Ankle joint pronation moment in running was 1/3 - 1/2 times of the injury critical value. 4) Knee joint rotational moment was found to be irrelevant with maximum achilles tendon angle or angular velocity. 5) Pronation from running was thought to be relevant to rather eversion moment activity than rotational moment activity of knee joint. 6) Plantar flexion abductor of ankle showed significant relationship with the ground reaction force variable. 7) When the loading rate for ground reaction force in passive region increased, extensor tended to be exposed to the injury. Main variables in biomechanical analysis of shoes were impact absorption and pronation. Among these variables, pronation factor was reported to be relevant with knee injury from long duration exercise. Achilles tendon angle factor was utilized frequently to evaluate this. However, as the results of this study showed, the relationship between these variables and injury relating variable of knee moment was so important. Studies without consideration on this finding should be reconsidered and reconfirmed.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.413-420
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare different kinds of outdoor walking shoes in terms of muscle fatigue and ground reaction force on walking, and to provide foundational data for developing and choosing outdoor walking shoes that fit the users. Method: The study subjects were 30 healthy men. The experiment was conducted by using outdoor walking shoes with different inner and outer harnesses of the midsole, and shapes of the outsole. For data collection, electromyography was used to measure the muscle fatigue of the anterior tibial muscle and gastrocnemii, which contribute to the dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the ankle joint, and the biceps muscle of the thigh and lateral great muscles, which contribute to the flexion and extension of the knee joint. A GRF measurement device was used to measure the X, Y, and Z axes. Results: In the type A outdoor walking shoes, regarding the hardness of the midsole, the inner part was soft, while the outer part was hard. The vertical ground reaction force was the lowest, which means least impact while walking and light load to the knees and ankles. The type C outdoor walking shoes were intended to provide a good feel in wearing the shoes. The tibialis anterior, biceps femoris, and gastrocnemii indicate low fatigue, which means that during a long-distance walk, it will minimize the fatigue in the muscles of the lower limbs. Conclusion: To sum up the study results, the different types of outdoor walking shoes indicate their unique characteristics in the biomechanical comparison and analysis. However, the difference was not statistically significant. Thus, a systematic and constant follow-up research should be conducted to cope with expanding market for outdoor walking shoes. Lastly, this study is expected to present foundational data and directions for developing outdoor walking shoes.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.186-192
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• 2004

신발중창용으로 사용되는 IP, PH 그리고 PU 발포체의 경도가 발포체의 압축응력, 회복 응력, 압축저장에너지, 압축손실에너지 등에 미치는 영양을 고찰하였다. 발포체의 종류에 무관하게 경도의 증가에 따라 발포체의 압축력, 압축 회복력, 압축 에너지 손실률, 반발탄성률, 굴곡력은 높은 값을 나타내었다. 압축력, 압축에너지 손실율은 IP 발포체의 경우 가장 높은 값을 나타내었으며, 회복력과 압축에너지 저장율은 PU 발포체가 높게 나타났다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.242-248
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• 2005

스포츠화 중창용으로 사용되는 세가지 종류의 발포체인 PU, IP 및 PH의 경도가 피로특성에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 세 가지 종류의 발포체를 50 rpm으로 50,000번 반복 압축하였으며, 발포체의 셀은 반복압축에 따라 형태가 변형되었다. 셀 변형의 정도는 IP의 경우가 PH나 PU 보다 큰 것으로 나타났다. 반복압축에 의해 발포체에서 영구변형이 나타났으며, IP가 PH나 PU 보다 크게 나타났다. 반복압축에 따라 세 가지 종류의 발포체의 최대압축력은 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며, IP의 경우 가장 현저한 감소를 나타내었다. 세 가지 종류의 발포체는 경도가 증가함에 따라 최대압축력의 저하가 더욱 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2018

Simplification of the manufacturing process in shoe making is essential to improve productivity and reduce production costs. To improve the adhesion of EVA foam used as a midsole, EVA/itaconated EPDM(EPDM-g-IA)(80/20wt%) blend was prepared using Torque Rheometer-Plasti-Corder, and 1,6-hexamethylenediamine/crosslinking agent/foaming agent/additive were mixed, followed by amidation reaction and foaming to prepare EVA/EPDM-g-IA foam for shoe midsole. In this study, we investigate the effect of the content of 1,6-hexamethylenediamine(0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0) on the mechanical properties, water-contact angle and adhesion of EVA/itaconated EPDM foam. As the content of 1,6-hexamethylenediamine increased, mechanical properties such as tensile strength, tear strength, tensile elastic modulus, hardness, and water-contact angle were lowered, but elongation at break and compression set(%) were increased. Both normal type and non-UV type adhesive strength increased with increasing diamine content. In particular, it was found that the adhesion strength of the non-UV type adhesion increased sharply with increasing diamine content. As a result, an adherend rupture occurs in a foam sample having a content of 1,6-hexamethylenediamine of 3phr. From this, it can be seen that the EVA/itaconated EPDM foam for shoe midsoles, which can be used for non-UV adhesion without primer and UV treatments, have been developed.

• 접착 및 계면
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.55-59
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• 2018

본 연구는 신발의 겉창인 고무 접착공정에서 버핑, 산, 알칼리 프라이머 전처리 공정을 생략하여 공정의 간소화로 생산 효율을 높이기 위해 수용성염을 포함하는 고무에 대한 접착특성과 기계적 특성을 고찰하였다. 산성염, 염기성염, 중성염을 평가한 결과, 염기성염을 포함된 고무 성형물의 경우 수성 접착제에 대해 우수한 접착효과를 보였다. 이는 염기성염이 하이드로옥시염으로 존재함에 따라 고무표면이 친수화 되면서 수성접착제에 우수한 접착효과를 보였다. 이것은 접촉각 및 IR측정으로 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 염기성염이 포함된 고무 성형물의 경우 가교밀도가 증가되어 마모 특성 및 경도는 증가하지만 가교시간을 지연시키는 요인으로 작용하였다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

Excessive pronation and impact force during running are related to various running injuries. To prevent these injuries, three type of running shoes are used, such as cushioning, stability, and motion control. Although there were may studies about the effect of midsole hardness on impact force, no study to investigate biomechanical effect of motion control running shoes. The purpose of this study was to determine biomechanical difference between cushioning and motion control shoes during treadmill running. Specifically, plantar and rearfoot motion, impact force and loading rate, and insole pressure distribution were quantified and compared. Twenty male healthy runners experienced at treadmill running participated in this study. When they ran on treadmill at 3.83 m/s. Kinematic data were collected using a Motion Analysis eight video camera system at 240 Hz. Impact force and pressure distribution data under the heel of right foot were collected with a Pedar pressure insole system with 26 sensors at 360 Hz. Mean value of ten consecutive steps was calculated for kinematics and kinetics. A dependent paired t-test was used to compare the running shoes effect (p=0.05). For most kinematics, motion control running shoes reduced the range of rearfoot motion compared to cushioning shoes. Runners wearing motion control shoe showed less eversion angle during standing less inversion angle at heel strike, and slower eversion velocity. For kinetics, cushioning shoes has the effect to reduce impact on foot obviously. Runners wearing cushioning shoes showed less impact force and loading rate, and less peak insole pressure. For both shoes, there was greater load on the medial part of heel compared to lateral part. For pressure distribution, runners with cushioning shoes showed lower, especially on the medial heel.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.361-380
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• 2002

마찰력(friction)은 급정지나 급출발, 또는 두 동작이 동시에 이루어질 때, 미끄럼방지는 효과적으로 이루어져야 하며, 특히 테니스, 농구, 배구 등 코트 스포츠에 있어서 최적의 마찰력은 필수적이다. 이러한 마찰력은 무게가 많이 나갈수록, 다른 물체와의 접촉면이 넓을수록, 장력이 클수록 커진다. 또한 표면이 매끄러울 때보다는 거칠수록 커지는 특성을 가지며, 본 연구의 목적은 테니스화겉창과 테니스코트에 설치되어 있는 스토츠바닥재사이에 마찰력을 대해서 고찰해 보고자 하였으며, 마찰력운동 및 이의 관련 선행 국외 연구활동이 어떻게 이루어졌는지를 종단적 국외문헌조사를 통해 어떤 상관관계가 있는지를 구명해 보고자 하였다. 국내 테니스화의 연구와 테니스스포츠바닥재간의 국외 연구활동의 종단적 연구지표로서 스포츠와 스포츠바닥재간의 마찰력 관련주요연구연표를 작성해 봄으로서 연구활동의 경과추이를 조사하였다. 테니스 바닥재 현황으로는 테니스코트의 표층재는 일반적으로 천연재료를 사용한 클레이계코트와 합성재료를 사용한 전 천후계 하드코트로 구별된다. 본 연구를 통하여 테니스화 겉창과 테니스 스포츠바닥재간의 마찰력의 국외선행연구현황 이해를 돕고, 향후 국내에서 스포츠화 겉창과 마찰력, 스포츠바닥재와 마찰력의 평가에 대한 연구시 국외에서 기 실시된 연구를 중복연구하는 시행착오 방지 및 국외 선행연구에 대한 기초자료 및 연구현황을 자세히 파악할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.