• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.10-17
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• 2020

Objective: Hallux valgus (HV) is a common musculoskeletal deformity that is accompanied with pain and continues to decrease one's quality of life and ability to perform daily life activities by affecting gait and static stability. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of the angle of HV (HVA) and to compare the one-legged stance and gait parameters in young adults with less HV and severe HV. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Forty young adults were divided into two groups, where HVA ≥15° (n=20) was defined as HV, and HVA <15° (n=20) was defined as normal. For balance ability, the center of pressure (COP) path, velocity, length of axis of the COP path, deviation of the x-axis and y-axis, and percentage of foot pressure were measured, and gait, the foot rotation angle, step length, percentage of each phase of the gait cycle, time change from the heel to forefoot, and maximum pressure of the forefoot and midfoot were measured. Results: Significant differences were found in sway length and time change from heel to forefoot during walking between the normal and HV groups (p<0.05). Most parameters were not associated with the HVA, but parameters such as length of axis and time to change from heel to forefoot were significantly associated with the HVA (p<0.05). Conclusions: These results suggest that most one-legged stance and gait parameters were not significantly affected by the HVA in young adults; therefore, future studies are needed in order to address other dynamic parameters and other methods of gait analysis for detecting clinically meaningful conditions.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.127-137
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• 2022

PURPOSE: This study sought to evaluate muscle activity and foot pressure during gait, and balance in female college students with genu valgum. METHOD: Participants were assigned based on their Q-angle to genu valgum group greater than 20° (GVG, n = 12), unilateral genu valgum group greater than 20° (UVG, n = 11), and control group (CON, n = 13). All subjects were evaluated for balance (Trace length, C90 area, C90 angle, and the Romberg test), muscle activity (gluteus medius; GM, tensor fasciae latae; TFL, vastus medialis; VM, vastus lateralis; VL, biceps femoris; BF, gastrocnemius; GCM and tibialis anterior; TA) and foot pressure (F/F ratio, R/F ratio, Hallux, 2~5 toe, 1st MT, 2~4 MT, 5th MT, Midfoot, M/heel, and L/heel) during gait. RESULTS: Romberg test showed significantly increased loss of balance in the UVG group compared with the CON. In the forward position, the imbalance was significantly increased in the UVG and GVG groups compared to the CON. Muscle activity of VL, GCM, and TA significantly increased in the GVG group compared with the CON. Static foot pressure, 1st MT significantly increased in the GVG compared to the CON group. The 5th MT significantly decreased in the CON compared with the GVG group. The R/F ratio significantly decreased in the GVG compared to the CON group. In dynamic foot pressure, the 2~5 toe significantly increased in the GVG compared with the UVG group. The left 5th MT significantly decreased in the UVG compared with the CON and GVG groups. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that genu valgum has a negative effect on balance, muscle activity, and foot pressure during gait in female college students.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.431-441
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the changes in the contact area, maximum pressure, maximum mean pressure, and maximum force of functional insoles and general insoles when walking. Methods: Foot pressure was measured by the ignition of functional insoles and general insoles on Company N shoes. The foot pressure was measured using a precision pressure distribution meter (Pedar - X mobile system, Novel, Germany). Each insole sensor contained 99 independent cells and was inserted between the foot and the shoe. A wireless Bluetooth-type program was used to measure the pressure detected by the measuring insoles. In order to eliminate adaptation and fatigue caused by wearing the guide during the experiment, sufficient rest was taken between each experiment, and the wearing order was randomly selected. Results: Functional insole significantly increased the forefoot and midfoot (medial, lateral) (p<0.05), while total foot, forefoot, and rearfoot peak pressure significantly decreased (p < 0.05) compared to the general insole. Conclusion: In the functional insole, a high contact area was measured inside, even in the middle of the foot, leading to a proper change in foot pressure. It was confirmed that the contact area was reduced and dispersion occurred well. In addition, it was found that the maximum pressure in the front and back of the entire foot was reduced, so the weight pressure dispersion in the functional insole was evenly distributed, and the maximum average pressure change was similar.

• 대한중풍순환신경학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2013

■ Objectives The goal of this pilot study is to observe the change of gait pattern in a patient after peroneal nerve electrical stimulation(PNST). ■ Methods We analyzed the gait pattern of stroke patient using treadmill gait analysis system before and after PNST for seven weeks. The PNST was carried out for 20minutes every day except Sunday. In addition, the measurement was carried out every Saturday. At the fifth week, the PNST was not carried out to confirm whether the effect of PNST was disappeared immediately when PNST was not applied. ■ Results After PNST, while heel contact time and heel max force increased and forefoot and midfoot max force decreased, the gait parameters such as cadence, velocity, swing phase, stance phase, total double support, step length, stride length, step time, stride time and forefoot contact time, were not changed. ■ Conclusion Gait of a patient with cerebral stroke was changed positively after PNST.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.99-118
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• 2004

The aim of this study is to evaluate tennis shoes's plantar pressure distribution in tennis prayers and to determine the influence of the shoe on various tennis movements. When investigating the biomechanics of movement in tennis, one of the first things to do is to understand the movement patterns of the sport, specifically how these patterns relate to different tennis shoes. Once these patterns are understood, footwear company can design tennis shoes that match the individual needs of tennis players. Plantar pressure measurement is widely employed to study foot function, the mechanical pathogenesis for foot disease and as a diagnostic and outcome measurement tool for many performance. Measurements were taken of plantar pressure distribution across the foot and using F-Scan(Tekscan Inc.) systems respectively. The F-Scan system for dynamic in-shoe foot pressure measurements has enabled us to assess quantitatively the efficacy of different types of footwear in reducing foot pressures. The Tekscan F-Scan system consists of a flexible, 0.18mm thick sole-shape having 1260 pressure sensors, the sensor insole was trimmed to fit the subjects' right, left shoes. For this study 4 university male, high level tennis players were instructed to hit alternated forehand stroke, backhand stroke, forehand volley, backhand volley, smash, service movement in 4 different tennis shoes. 1. When impact in tennis movement, peak pressure distribution of landing foot displayed D>C>B>A, A displayed the best low pressure distribution. A style's tennis shoes will suggest prayer with high impact. If prayer with high impact feeling during pray in tennis wear A style, it will decrease injury, will have performance improvement. 2. When impact in tennis movement, plantar pattern of pressure distribution in landing foot displayed B>A>C>D in stability performance. During tennis, prayer want to stability movement suggest B style tennis shoes when tennis movement impact keep stability of human body. B style tennis shoes give performance improvement 3. When impact in tennis movement, plantar pattern of center of force(C.O.F.)trajectory in landing foot analyzed this : 1) When stroke movement and volley movement in tennis, prayer better to rearfoot movement. 2) when service movement, prayer midfoot strike movement. 3) when smash movement, prayer have forefoot strike movement.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.62-67
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• 2018

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical significance and usefulness of a bone scan in accessory navicular bone. Materials and Methods: Eighty-five patients with foot pain and accessory navicular bone on radiography, who underwent bone scan from 2012 to 2015, were analyzed retrospectively. The subjects was divided into a symptomatic and asymptomatic group according to the presence of navicular bone tenderness. The grade of bone scan uptake was divided into 3 grades. Age, gender, grade of bone scan and size of the accessory navicular bone were analyzed. The symptomatic group were divided into a low (grade 0, 1) and high uptake (grade 2) group to determine the appropriate treatment. The low uptake group was treated conservatively for 3 months. The high uptake group was initially treated conservatively for 3 months and surgery was performed if pain persisted. For the clinical evaluation, the visual analogue scale, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society midfoot scale were evaluated in the first examination and last follow-up date. The patient's satisfaction grade was also evaluated at the last follow-up. Results: The asymptomatic group mostly showed no uptake in the bone scan. On the other hand, some patients in the asymptomatic group showed an increase in uptake. In these patients, the size of accessory navicular bone was related to the grade of bone scan uptake, showing that the bone scan uptake grade can be predicted when applying different cut off values for the bone size. The symptomatic group mostly showed uptake in the bone scan and the grade of uptake had a positive correlation with the size of the accessory navicular bone (p<0.05). Age and gender were not related to the bone scan uptake. In the clinical evaluation, conservative and surgical treatment showed a good outcome. Conclusion: The bone scan uptake grade alone cannot be used to completely predict the symptoms. On the other hand, the size of the accessory bone can increase the bone scan uptake. Therefore, the size of the accessory bone, and patient symptoms should be considered in patients with a high uptake when deciding treatment.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2008

본 연구는 장애물을 넘는 동안 장애물의 높이 변화가 보행 시 족저압에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 실시하였으며 이를 위해 족저 최고 족저압과 최대 힘, 압력 중심의 이동 경로를 중심으로 자료를 수집하여 분석하였다. 근골격계에 문제가 없는 열여섯 명의 건강한 젊은 성인이 이 연구에 참여하여 맨발로 각각 평지, 10cm, 20cm 그리고 30cm의 장애물을 넘는 동안 입각기 발의 족저 최고 족저압과 최대 힘, 압력중심 이동경로를 측정하였다. 측정은 Tekscan사의 Footmat system을 이용하였으며, 대상자의 발을 일곱 개의 영역(두 개의 발가락 영역, 세 개의 전족부 영역, 한 개의 중족부와 후족부 영역)으로 나누어 수집한 자료를 일원배치분산분석을 이용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구를 통해 높이가 다른 여러 가지 장애물을 넘을 때, 입각기 동안 족저의 영역별 최고 족저압과 최대 힘은 발가락부위에서 유의하게 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었고 후족부위에서는 감소하였다. 그리고 장애물의 높이가 높아질수록 압력중심 이동경로가 짧아지면서 전족부에서 외전하는 경향을 볼 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 장애물 보행 시 장애물의 높이가 발의 구조와 기능에 영향을 미친다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.62-67
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• 2014

Purpose: Reconstructive surgeries for equinocavovarus foot deformities are quite variable, including hind-midfoot osteotomy or arthrodesis, soft tissue procedure, tendon transfers, etc. Comprehensive evaluation of the deformity and its etiology is mandatory for achievement of successful deformity correction. Few studies in this field have been reported. We report on the clinical and radiographic outcome of reconstruction for cavovarus foot deformities. Materials and Methods: The study is based on 16 feet with cavovarus foot deformities that underwent bony and soft tissue reconstructive surgery from 2004 to 2008. We evaluated the etiologies, varieties of surgical procedures performed, pain score, functional scores, and patient satisfaction and measured the radiographic parameters. Results: The average age at the time of surgery was 39.4 years old, with a male/female ratio of 9/4 and an average follow-up period of 23.9 months (range, 12~49 months). The etiologies of the cavovarus deformity were idiopathic 7 feet, residual poliomyelitis 5 feet, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 2 feet, and Guillain-Barre syndrome and hemiplegia due to cerebrovascular accident sequela 1 foot each. Lateral sliding calcaneal osteotomies were performed in 12 feet (75%), followed by Achilles tendon lengthening and plantar fascia release in 11 feet (69%), and first metatarsal dorsiflexion osteotomy/arthrodesis and tendon transfer in 10 feet (63%). Visual analogue scale pain score showed improvement, from an average of 4.2 to 0.5 points. American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot score showed significant improvement, from 47.8 to 90.0 points (p<0.05). All patients were satisfied. Ankle range of motion improved from $27.5^{\circ}$ to $46.7^{\circ}$. In radiographic measurements, calcaneal pitch angle improved from $19.1^{\circ}$ to $15.8^{\circ}$, Meary angle from $13.0^{\circ}$ to $9.3^{\circ}$, Hibb's angle from $44.3^{\circ}$ to $37.0^{\circ}$, and tibio-calcaneal axis angle from varus $17.5^{\circ}$ to varus $1.5^{\circ}$ Conclusion: We achieved successful correction of cavovarus foot deformities by performing appropriate comprehensive reconstructive procedures with improved functional, radiographic measures and high patient satisfaction.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.257-265
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• 2010

본 연구는 내림 경사로를 내려오는 동안 경사로의 기울기 변화가 보행 시 족저 영역별 최고 압력과 입각기 동안 압력중심이동경로를 분석하고자 실시하였다. 보행에 문제가 없는 열다섯 명의 건강한 젊은 성인이 이 연구에 참여하였으며 각각 평지, 내림경사 $5^{\circ}$, $10^{\circ}$, $15^{\circ}$의 경사로를 내려오는 동안 입각기 발의 족저 최고 족저압과 압력중심이동경로를 측정하였다. 측정장비는 Tekscan사의 Footmat system을 이용하였으며, 대상자의 발을 일곱 개의 영역(두 개의 발가락 영역, 세 개의 전족부 영역, 한 개의 중족부와 후족부영역)으로 나누어 자료를 수집하였다. 내림경사로의 기울기에 따른 최고 족저압의 차이를 알아보기 위해 반복측정분산분석을 이용하였고 압력중심이동경로는 육안적 관찰을 통해 알아보았다. 본 연구를 통해 내림경사로의 기울기가 커질수록 입각기 동안 최고 족저압은 엄지발가락영역에서 유의하게 증가하였고 세개의 전족부 영역에서는 유의하게 감소하였다. 그리고 압력중심이동경로는 내림경사로의 기울기가 커질수록 전족부에서 압력 중심이 내측으로 이동하였고 엄지발가락까지 길어지는 경향을 볼 수 있었다. 따라서 내림경사로의 기울기가 $-5^{\circ}$에서부터 일부 족저영역의 압력분포가 유의하게 달라지며 이는 내림경사로의 기울기가 발의 구조와 기능에 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.734-742
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• 2016

본 연구는 기능적 발목 불안정성시 하지 근피로도에 따른 동적균형이 족저압에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구는 설문조사를 통해 기능적 발목 불안정성으로 진단된 14명의 발목불안정집단과 16명의 발목안정집단 총 30명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 하지의 근피로는 Biodex system III, 족저압은 Zebris FDM-S system으로 측정하였고, 한발로 점프 후 착지 검사로 동적균형을 실시하였다. 동적균형시 족저압 분포비율은 발목불안정집단의 전족부(p2, p3, p4)에서 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 동적균형시 근피로 유발 전후 족저압 분포 비율은 발목 불안정집단에서 발목 안정집단보다 전족부(p2, p3, p4)와 외측 중족부(p6)에서 유의하게 높았으나 종골부(p7)에서는 낮았다(p<0.05). 동적균형시 족저압 중심(CoP)의 전후이동거리(AP)와 좌우이동 폭(ML)은 발목 불안정집단이 발목 안정집단에 비해 근피로 유발 전보다 유발 후 유의하게 길었다(p<0.05). 기능적 발목불안정시 하지 근피로도에 따른 동적균형은 족저압 분포와 족저압 중심이동에 영향을 준 것으로 사료된다. 향후, 기능적 발목 불안정이 있는 다양한 연령대를 대상으로 족저압 차이를 객관화, 척도화 시키는 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.