• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.505-510
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism with cardiovascular disease risk factors. Methods : Out of a total of 608 middle-aged adults who visited local health centers, 424 subjects (104 male, 320 female) who had not been diagnosed with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or hyperlipidemia were included in this study. ACE genotypes were determined in all subjects by polymerase chain reaction methods. Results : Statistical differences in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels according to ACE genotype were observed using ANOVA (p<0.05), but no differences were found in other cardiovascular risk factors. Specifically, men with the DD and DI genotypes had significantly lower HDL cholesterol levels than those with the 11 genotype based on the LSD multi-comparison test (p<0.05). Conclusions : In men, the D-allele of the ACE I/D polymorphism was significantly associated with reduced HDL cholesterol levels. In the future, larger studies are needed to confirm this relationship between ACE I/D polymorphism and HDL cholesterol.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.5 s.207
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• pp.183-198
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to discuss the relationship between Korean people's normative sense of the traditional filial piety and their affiliation with relatives. For this purpose, the researcher reviewed ethics books during the Chosun dynasty such as Naehoon Women's Ethics), Dongmongsonsup (Children's Cardinal Moral Principles) ,Kyokmongyokyol (Juvenile's Learning) and Gyuenyoso (Instructions for Daughters of Marriageable Age), Based on this review a questionnaire was designed. For the survey,566 returned questionnaires from married people between their 20's and 70's living in Seoul and Wonju Si were sampled The collected data were analyzed using the SAS program for means and SDs of each area in order to examine the overall tendency, and were subject to one-way ANOVA to determine the relationship between their normative sense of the traditional filial piety and their affiliations with relatives depending on their demographic variables, In addition to this correlation analysis, the data underwent regression analysis to determine the significant factors affecting the subjects' sense of filial piety and their affiliation with relatives. The results of this study can be summarized as follows ; First, the subjects were found to have a normal or higher sense of filial piety in overall terms, which suggests that the Korean morality of filial piety may be positive. In particular, the subjects' sense of filial piety was higher for living parents than for dead ones. Namely, they wanted to give more respect, honor and support to their parents than give a cordial funeral or memorial service to deceased parents. Second, older Koreans were more aware of filial piety, and men were more conscious of filial piety than women. Buddhists or atheists tended to be more faithful to their parents. Generally, those with lower academic background and living with larger families had a higher normative sense of filial piety. On the other hand, those in their 60's and 70's were most affiliated with their relatives, while youth and middle-aged people were less affiliated with their relatives. Men were more affiliated with their relatives than women, and first sons or daughters were more affiliated with their relatives. Besides, those living with larger families were more affiliated with their relatives. Third, the subjects' normative sense of filial piety, particularly for deceased parents, was highly correlated with their affiliation with relatives, and such a normative sense of filial piety was most conspicuous in their funeral rites.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.203-208
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between pulmonary function, serum lipid and pulse pressure, which is a risk factor of cardiovascular disease, in subjects with 109 office workers(51 males and 58 females) be at Seoul, Korea. The mean age of the subjects was $43.44{\pm}7.23$ years old (male $43.44{\pm}7.27$, fenale $49.1{\pm}11.5$). The subjects' height, weight, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured and there was statistical difference between men and women.The mean pulse pressure of the subjects was $47.82{\pm}9.02mmHg$, and the mean of FVC was $84.26{\pm}9.91%$. There was no difference between men and women in both. There was a positive correlation between pulse pressure and systolic blood pressure in males (p<0.01) and females (p<0.01), and FVC and HDL in males were positively correlated (p<0.05). Pulse pressure and %FVC were negatively correlated (r =-0.267, P<0.01). Pulse pressure and %FVC were negatively correlated (r =-0.267, P<0.01). Regression analysis showed that PP was the independent affected %FVC. Therefore, pulse pressure and %FVC may be useful as a predictor of cardiovascular disease in middle-aged subjects with normal, suggest a long-term convergence follow-up is warranted to elucidate the incidence of cardiovascular disease.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.317-327
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• 2012

The purpose of present study was to observe the path and influencing effects between socioeconomic class (SEC), health practices and self-rated health(SRH) by the age bracket. The subjects were 4,987 adults over 25 years old who participated in the 2008 Korean National Examination Health and Nutrition Survey and could be classified into SEC in terms of the three characteristics: education, income and occupation. Path analysis was conducted with the effects of health behaviors execution on the differences in SRH, and the complex samples analysis executed by chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA. As the result, lower SRH level paralleled with the lower SEC, and more health behaviors had differed by SEC in the younger and middle aged group. The lower SEC, the lower SRH: non-smoking and weight control for younger women and exercise for aged men had indirect effects as parameters. In conclusion, when planning a health promotion program, to select the correct target populations with consideration of the age bracket, gender and SEC and to establish tailored contents fit for each of the population would be important.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.5159-5168
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• 2014

The study examined the relationship among metal health, metabolic syndrome and nutrient acceptance according to gender. Implemented until 2010-2012, the 5th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, as an original document, was used for the study. The target was problem drinkers with more than 12 points under AUDIT. Regarding mental health, it was classified into stress, depression and suicidal impulse. Metabolic syndrome was defined when three causes of BMI, waist circumference, FBS, HDL and BP were out of the normal range. The nutrient intake was obtained to confirm the energy intake of nine non-nutrients (Nutrient adequacy ratio: NAR) and the proper intake of the average non-nutrient (Mean adequacy ratio: MAR). These variables were analyzed by frequency, cross analysis and multiple regression analysis through SPSS18.0. In the general features, there was a significant difference according to age, occupation and marital status. In mental health, stress, depression and suicidal impulse were examined. Metabolic syndrome was dependant on FBS, HDL and BP. The nutrient acceptance depended on calcium, vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C, and MAR. Logistic regression analysis performed on the variables showed significant differences. Stress, depression, and thoughts of suicide was significantly higher in men aged 19-29 years, and women aged 30-49 years. In the case of the male, those who employed have metabolic syndrome more than those who unemployed. In terms of female, those who were belonged into the middle - low economic level have undergone with metabolic syndrome. In the part of a Mean adequacy ratio(MAR), the male who unmarried, employed, were in the middle low economic levelwere higher. In the case of the female, it was higher for those who were in the middle - low economic level. Overall, an effective way of planning the solution regarding mental health, metabolic syndrome and nutrient intake can be found by considering these features.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.359-375
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• 2022

Purpose: Adult Korean men belonging to the main economically active population are known to have long sedentary hours. This study was undertaken to determine the difference and relevance of sedentary hours on the nutrition, diet, and health status of adult men, and to suggest how to prevent health risk factors. Methods: Subjects (n = 1,068) were classified into 4 groups based on their sedentary hours, ranging from the first quartile (Q1) having the least hours spent sitting, to the fourth quartile (Q4) spending the longest hours. Results: Subjects belonging to Q4 had the lowest average age, the largest waist circumference, and the highest level of education. Among those engaged in economic activities, the ratio of white-collar workers was significantly higher in Q4. Accordingly, the rate of not doing high-intensity or moderate-intensity physical activity while working was also the highest in Q4. A significant difference was obtained in the drinking frequency between groups, but this was found to be associated with the average working hours rather than sedentary hours. The proportion of not doing aerobic exercise was higher with longer sitting hours. The highest diagnosis of diabetes (8.8%) was obtained in the Q4 group. Among the factors related to cardiovascular disease, only low density lipoprotein-cholesterol showed a significant difference, with Q4 being significantly higher than Q1. Considering energy and nutrient intake, vitamin B₁ and calcium intake were the lowest in the group with the longest sitting hours, as well as the least consumption of vitamin C than the recommended estimated average requirement. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the health and nutritional status of Korean adult men are affected by sedentary hours. This should be recognized as a health risk factor and guidelines need to be developed for sedentary lifestyle management.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.232-241
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• 1998

음주습관과 심혈관계 질환 위험요인사이의 관련성을 파악하기 위하여, 1996년 한국 경북에 있는 도시지역 한 철강회사에서 40-50대(40-59세) 남자 근로자 3444명으로부터 공복시 혈액을 10m1 채취하여 혈청지질, 혈당, Uric acid를 측정하고 신장, 체중, 혈압(10-20분 휴식후 측정)과 EKG를 측정하였다. 과거병력, 현재 건강상태, 음주량과 기간 및 음주종류를 포함한 생활습관, 흡연량/일, 운동시간/주 등의 설문지를 작성하였다. 알콜 소비량은 양-빈도의 Index에 의해 측정되었다. 한국 중년 남자에 대한 음주량, 음주기간, 알콜종류등에 따른 심혈관계 질환의 위험요인 유무 정도를 알아보기 위해, 비음주자를 기준으로하여 비교대상군은 금주자와 음주량(2군) 등에 의해 3군으로 분류하였으며, 음주기간에 따른 심혈관계 질환의 위험요인 유무정도를 알아보기 위해 비음주자을 기준으로하여 비교 대상군은 금주자와 음주기간(4군)에 따라 5군으로 분류하였다. 알콜종류에 따른 심혈관계 질환의 위험요인 유무정도를 알아보기 위해 비음주자을 기준으로하여 비교 대상군은 금주자와 음주알콜종류(3군)에 따라 4군으로 분류하였다. 심혈관계 질환 위험요인은 기준되는 범주를 2개(Table 1)로 분류하여 2*2표를 이용하여 odds ratio(dummy variable로 처리), ${\beta}$-coefficient와 표준오차를 이용해서 신뢰구간(95% C.I.)을 구하여 유의성 검정을 하였다. 금주자의 정의는 과거 3달 이상 술을 마시지 않는 사람을 말한다. 연구 집단의 평균 연령은 $44.4{\pm}3.9$세 이며, 비음주자는 649명으로 18.9%, 금주자는 70명(2.0%)이며 음주자는 2725명(79.1%)이다. 음주자중 에타놀 섭취를 평균 100.5g/주(median) 미만인 군은 1239명으로 연구집단 3444명중 35.7%이며, 평균 100.5g/주(median) 이상 음주군은 1276명으로 44.5%이었다. 3444명중 1532명(44.5%) 이 맥주와 소주를 섞어서 마시는 사람이었다. 음주 양에서, 연령, 흡연 양, 흡연 기간, 운동, 음주기간, 알콜종류 등을 통제하여 logistic regression한 결과, 비음주자에 비해 중정도 음주자(${\ge}$100.5gm/week ethanol)의 확장기 혈압의 Odds ratio는 1.33배로 유의하게 높았다(P<0.05). 다른 요인들은 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 알콜종류에서도 연령, 흡연 양, 흡연 기간, 운동, 음주양, 음주기간, 등을 통제한, 비음주자에 비해 맥주와 소주를 섞어 마시는 음주자의 확장기 혈압의 Odds ratio는 1.38배로 유의하게 높았다(P<0.01). 다른 요인들은 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 반면에 음주 습관 중 음주기간에서는 연령, 흡연양, 흡연 기간, 운동, 음주양, 알콜종류 등을 통제한 logistic regression 분석 결과 유의한 차이를 보인 것은 없었다. 그러나 음주기간과 심혈관계 질환 위험요인중 수축기와 확장기 혈압과의 관계는 J 모양을 나타내었다 . 수축기 혈압의 금주자군은 비차비가 1.0보다 약간 낮고(Odds ratio=0.88) 음주기간이 2-10년인 군의 Odds ratio=1.14, 음주기간이 11-20 년인군의 Odds ratio =1.18, 21년 이상인 군의 Odds ratio=1.20로 비음주자의 odds ratio=1에 비해 점차적으로 위험이 높아졌다. 확장기 혈압의 금주자군은 비차비가 1.0보다 약간 낮고(Odds ratio=0.91), 음주기간이 1년 이하인 군의 Odds ratio=1.18, 음주기간이 2-10 년인 군의 Odds ratio=1.23, 음주기간이 11-20 년인 군의 Odds ratio=1.27, 21년 이상인 군의 Odds ratio=1.27로 비음주자의 odds ratio=1에 비해 점차적으로 위험이 높아졌다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1658-1665
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• 2009

This study was carried out on thirty men to define the association of inflammatory markers with physiological factors on one-time aerobic exercise (for 15 min. Post-exercise interleukin-6 (IL-6), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and pulsatility and resistance index of middle cerebral artery (PI and RI, respectively) levels were elevated compared to those measured pre-exercise. Total leukocyte and platelet counts, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), free radical (FR), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels tended to decrease after exercise. Pre-exercise IL-6 levels were positively correlated with pre-exercise SBP levels, while post-exercise IL-6 level was positively correlated with post-exercise PI and RI levels. Post-exercise, hs-CRP levels were negatively related to SBP and HR. Pre-exercise, FR levels were positively associated to SBP, DBP, and HR. Post-exercise FR levels were negatively related to the post-exercise blood flow velocity in middle cerebral artery. Pre-exercise erythrocyte indices (RBC, MCV, MCH, and MCHC levels) were in inverse proportion to pre-exercise IL-6 levels. Post-exercise FR levels were inversely related to post-exercise total leukocyte, lymphocyte, monocyte, and MCH levels. Pre-exercise $Mg^{++}$ levels were in inverse proportion to pre-exercise IL-6, hs-CRP, or FR levels. These findings suggest that one-time aerobic exercise offers a significant relationship between inflammatory markers and some biochemical markers or electrolytes. Further studies need to be carried out for investigation of differences between genders or age groups following one-time or regular aerobic exercise.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.133-148
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• 2022

This study aims to explore the status and motives for using avatars and digital fashion items in the metaverse and to examine consumers' purchase satisfaction and future purchase intentions. We intend to provide implications for the development of avatars and fashion items, and the direction of the fashion industry and clothing education. For this purpose, the purchasing status, consumer motives for using avatars and digital fashion items, purchase satisfaction, and future purchase intentions were investigated, through a survey with 149 consumers aged 19 years or older, with the experience of using avatars. The results are as follows. First, the percentage of avatar ownership was high among women aged between 19 and 29, and those with low or high incomes. The younger group was more likely to make mobile phone purchases than the older group, and the older group was more likely to use credit cards. Even those respondents who owned avatars did not purchase frequently or spent a lot on items. On the other hand, in the case of fashion item purchases, the group spending more than 8,000 won was aged between 19 and 29, and the frequency and amount of purchases increased as income increase. Second, among the motives for using avatars and fashion items, the pursuit of pleasure had the greatest influence, and men paid more attention to self-expression through avatars than women. Third, the motive for vicarious satisfaction influenced purchase satisfaction, and the factors that influenced future purchase intention were vicarious satisfaction and stress relief. The results of this study suggests that avatars and fashion items should be developed considering factors that can relieve stress for all age groups, create a sense of unity among metaverse users, and provide satisfaction in a virtual world that is different from reality. In addition, education on how to use fashion items and consumption attitudes in education related to clothing life will be required.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2013

Purpose: Recently, bacterial contamination of equipment and accessories required for vision correction has become a main causal factor in ophthalmic diseases. Thus, We investigated on both the actual condition of bacterial contamination from glasses of vision correction. Methods: Investigation of microorganisms was carried out with a group of 145 glasses wearers, composed of 36 elementary school students, 37 middle school students, 38 high school students, 10 college students, and 32 aged men. Results: Seventeen species of bacteria are detected from glasses of vision correction: B. cereus, B. licheniformis, Bacillus sp., CNS, Enterococcus sp., Escherichia coli, Proteus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Serretia sp., Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus hemolyticus,, Acinetobacter sp., Enterobacter cloacae, GNR, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Among 17 species of bacteria, there are some potential causative agents for keratitis, corneal ulcer, Acute dacryocystitis, Orbital cellulitis, Periphlebitis retinae, Marginal blepharitis, and Acute conjunctivitis. Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis cause keratitis. Pseudomonas sp., and Staphylococcus aureus cause corneal ulcer. Staphylococcus aureus causes acute dacryocystitis, orbital cellulitis, periphlebitis retinae, marginal belpharitis. Streptococcus hemolyticus causes acute conjunctivitis. Conclusions: In summation, it is verified that hazardous, opportunistic and infectious microorganisms exist in glasses for vision correction. Ophthalmic diseases are predicted. Therefore, supplementary research on the development of a cleaning solution to cleanse the infection and of an effective method to remove microorganisms is required.