• Food Science and Industry
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.70-81
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• 2016

Kimchi has been one of the main menu on our dining table at all seasons as the best matching side dish with boiled rice. Kimchi was privately made in every household, and it has been commercially made for military feeding since Korean Civil War in 1950. Commercialized kimchi in can was also made for soldiers sent to Vietnam in late 1960s and for workers sent to Middle East in 1970s. As industry was growing, the number of people dining out increased, and with export to Japan in 1980s. Kimchi industry had greatly expanded until 1990s. However. the growth of industry has slowed down as individual consumption decreased and import from China radically increased. Since 2000, kimchi industry has been growing again focusing on quality improvement, which is possible due to up-to-date system and high standard sanitation control in manufacturing. Kimchi becomes the most important cultural product at the core of our food culture as all Korean people realize that it contains not just a wide variety of ingredients but unique flavors of each local areas and sincere heart of local people. Commercialization of kimchi will increase even though its consumption decreases as people's dietary life changes.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.16-24
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• 2023

The salinity of sea water is known as a less influencing variable in the calculation of the sound speed of the sea water. This study investigated how the low salinity of sea water affects the vertical structure of the sound speed near the mouth of the Yangtze (Changjiang) River when the diluted fresh water extends toward the East China Sea in the summer. As a result of comparing two types of sound speeds considered measured and fixed salinity, sound speeds appeared distinguishable when the halocline formed steeper than the thermocline due to Yangtze-River Diluted Water (YRDW). In addition, unlikely with fixed salinity conditions, when measured salinity was considered, an underwater sound channel appeared in the middle of the thermocline of which the source depth is located. Accordingly, considering the salinity, this study suggests using Expendable Conductivity Temperature Depth (XCTD) and Expendable Sound Velocimeter (XSV) rather than Expandable Bathy Thermograph (XBT) when calculating sound speed because of the strong halocline due to YRDW in the summer.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.14
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• pp.517-534
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• 2007

Since the beginning of human society, there have always been struggles and competitions for survival and prosperity, terrorism is not a recent phenomenon, however in modern times it has progressed to reflect the advances in civilization and power structures. At the time of the 9.11 terrorist attacks in the U.S. A., a new world order was in the process of being established after the breakdown of the Cold War era. The attacks drove both the Western and the Islamic worlds into heightened fear of terrorism and war, which threatened the quality of life of the whole mankind. Through two war campaigns against the Islamic world, it seems the U.S. has been pushing its own militaristic security road map of the Greater Middle East democratic initiative, justifying it as a means to retaliate and eradicate the terrorist threats towards themselves. However, with its five-year lopsided victories that cost the nation almost four thousand military casualties, and the war expenses that could match the Vietnam war, the U.S. does not yet seem to be totally emancipated from the fears of terrorism. Terrorism, in itself, is a means of resisting forced rules a form of alternative competition by the weak against the strong, and a way of expressing a dismissive response against dictatorial ideas or orders which allow for no normal changes. Intrinsically, the nature of terrorism is a reaction opposing power logics. Confronted with the absolute military power of the U.S., the Islamic strategies of terrorism have begun to rapidly evolve into a new stage. The new strategies take advantage of their civilization and circumstances, they train and inspire their front-line fighters on the Internet, and issue their orders through the clandestine network of the Al Qaeda operatives. These spontaneously generated strategies have been gained speed among the second, and third Islamic generations, many of whom are now spread throughout western societies. This represents a failure of the power-driven, one-sided overseas security initiatives by the U.S., and is creating a culture of fear and distrust in western societies. It is feared that the U.S. war campaigns have made the clash of religions far worse than before, and may ever lead to global ethnic separations and large-scale population movements. Eventually, it may result in the terrorist groups, enlarged and secretly supported by the huge sums of oil money, driving all mankind into a series of irreparable catastrophes.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.37
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• pp.83-108
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• 2013

Since the end of the Cold War and rapid globalization and technical developments, terrorist groups actively involved in criminal activities. Also criminal entrepreneurs became a major financial revenue for these terrorists groups. This newly patternized activities among terrorist groups is now called as Crime-Terror Nexus" indicating the changing nature of terrorism, which means two traditionally separate phenomena, crime and terrorism, became more similar. This new pattern of terrorism is considered to create synergy for the criminal organizations and terrorist groups, scholars believe that it would become a significant threat to the security of world community in the near future. Although the phenomenon of this crime-terror nexus is significant and imminent threats, there is lack of studies investigation this new evolution of terrorism with empirical data. Moreover there is literally no studies exploring factors relevant to the Crime-Terror Nexus. Therefore, this current study aims to conduct explorative investigation of factors affecting the "Crime-Terror Nexus" with a world terrorism data, MAROB(the Minorities at Risk Organizational Behavior), which is developed by START and Minority at Risk project and contains information terrorist groups in Middle-East and Africa region. Considering the significance of this new terrorism patterns and the challenging nature of conducting empirical studies on this topic, this study has great contribution on the development in the field of criminal justice as well as terrorism.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.253-260
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• 2009

Gold stock could include the U.K. in the European economy by the alternative plan of the problems that it was occurred while nationalizing industry and a company for economic recovery and national profit after the World War Ⅱ and it was wide and came to open in the country of European most. However, the negation was sentenced to it for the reason of the gold stock which the U.K. adopted in European many countries infringing "freedom of the capital movement" at a European court of law. However, I consider gold stock positively to protect it from hostile M&A of the company of the national strategy from the Middle East and an Asian national rich fund recently in France and Germany. If our country looks straight at reality, Urstatut or the agreement of the majority stockholder have a very strict matter assuming the protection of the existing shareholder and must be able to gain the favor if you look by the flow of such world economy.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.64-72
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• 2007

During the 2nd World War, several Coal-to-Liquid (CTL) plants were operated in Germany and England to convert coal to large volumes of liquid fuel. Big oil fields discovered in the Middle East after the war supplied crude oil at the low price and all CTL plants were forced to shut down. However, South Africa (Sasol) built a CTL plant in 1955 and 2 more plants afterward and the current production of coal-derived synfuel reached 150,000 bbl/day. Recently, the sustained high crude oil price and the fear of the "peak oil" rejuvenated the interest of CTL and several CTL projects are in progress. China established a plan to build CTL plants with the total capacity of 30 million tons of synfuel per year by 2030. China is building a direct coal liquefaction plant which is scheduled to produce 20,000bbl/day of synfuel in 2008. There are 8 CTL projects in USA either in the planning stage or in the ground-breaking stage. CTL projects are also carried out in Australia, Philippines, New Zealand, Indonesia and India. Korea needs to approach the CTL project in the perspective of the national energy security. In this paper, the history, the status, current activities and the prospect of CTL are described.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.10 no.2 s.21
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• pp.61-67
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• 2004

The development motive and maintenance of navigation system were military strategy purpose since middle of 20th century. During cold war period between the United States and the Soviet since the Second World War, advanced navigation system that two countries are responded individually have done development competitively. These systems are exhibited on general except military purpose gradually and are taking charge of point role in economy transport activity such as transportation of logistics between the country. Navigation system can divide into ground system and satellite system. Representative system of ground system is Loran-C(Long Range Navigation), and representative system of satellite system is GPS(Global Position System). Loran-C system is a system that use much in all the world country sea and ground, but GPS and DGPS that present is a satellite navigation system are used much. According to development of satellite system, examine about actual conditions of Loran-C navigation system and practical use plan in this paper because there is controversy about role of Loran-C navigation device along with Loran-C's operation and user decrease, and discusses for Loran-C's development direction.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.73
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• pp.91-117
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• 2018

In the tribute system controlling international relations of pre-modern East Asia, conciliation diplomacy between royal authorities was a principle of diplomatic relations among each nation. Therefore, capitals where royal authorities really existed were political centers and diplomatic stages at the same time. Notably, diplomatic relations between United Silla and Japan were maintained dually by conciliation diplomacy between royal authorities and practical diplomacy through Dazaihu located in Tsukushi. Tsukushi located at the northwestern tip of Kyushu was a gateway to foreign nations and stronghold in terms of national defense. Amidst an East Asian war named Baek River Battle in 663, the royal court of Daehwa established Dazaihu here because it was necessary for diplomatic and military responses. Dazaihu established as part of diplomatic negotiation not only took diplomatic functions as an official residence since the latter half of the 7thcentury. and but also was used as a stage of official diplomacy between Silla and Japan. Diplomatic negotiation between Silla and Japan through Dazaihu was made in practical methods and such a situation could be confirmed through diplomatic documents exchanged between Silla and Dazaihu in the middle of the 8thcentury. At that time, protocols became an importan tissue.

• Journal of National Security and Military Science
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• s.15
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• pp.57-86
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• 2018

The ROKAF has been training for a number of exercise for victory in the war, but the lack of aviation ammunition has become a big issue every year. However, due to the limitation of defense resources, there are many difficulties in securing and stockpiling ammunition for the war readiness. Therefore, there is a need to find a way to secure aviation ammunition for war readiness in a more economical way, so In this study, we analyze the precedent research case and the case of the reduction of the purchase cost of weapon system of other countries, and then I have suggested a plan that is appropriate for our situation. As a result of examining previous research cases for this study, there were data that KIDA studied in 2012, Precision-guided weapons acquisition cost reduction measures pursued by US Air Force And the use of procurement agencies that are being implemented by NATO member countries. Based on this study, the following four measures were proposed to reduce the purchase cost of aviation ammunition. First, the mutual aid support agreement was developed to sign the ammunition joint operation agreement. Second, join the NATO Support & Procurement Agency (NSPA) Third, it builds a purchasing community centered on the countries operating the same ammunition Fourth, participating in the US Air Force's new purchase plan for ammunition and purchase it jointly. The main contents of these four measures are as follows. 1. the mutual aid support agreement was developed to sign the ammunition joint operation agreement. Korea has signed agreements on mutual logistics support with 14 countries including the United States, Israel, Indonesia, Singapore, Australia, and Taiwan. The main purpose of these agreements is mutual support of munitions and materials, also supporting the training of the peace time and promoting exchange and cooperation. However, it is expected that there will be many difficulties in requesting or supporting mutual support in actual situation because the target or scope of mutual aid of ammunition is not clearly specified. Thus, a separate agreement on the mutual co-operation of more specific and expanded concepts of aviation ammunition is needed based on the current mutual aid support agreements 2. join the NATO Support & Procurement Agency (NSPA) In the case of NATO, there is a system in which member countries purchase munitions at a low cost using munitions purchase agencies. It is the NATO Purchasing Agency (NSPA) whose mission is to receive the purchasing requirements of the Member Nations and to purchase them quickly and efficiently and effectively to the Member Nations. NSPA's business includes the Ammunition Support Partnership (ASP), which provides ammunition purchase and disarming services. Although Korea is not a member of NATO, NSPA is gradually expanding the scope of joint procurement of munitions, and it is expected that Korea will be able to join as a member. 3. it builds a purchasing community centered on the countries operating the same ammunition By benchmarking the NSPA system, this study suggested ways to build a purchasing community with countries such as Southeast Asia, Australia, and the Middle East. First, it is necessary to review prospectively how to purchase ammunition by constructing ammunition purchasing community centered on countries using same kind of ammunition. 4. participating in the US Air Force's new purchase plan for ammunition When developing or purchasing weapons systems, joint participation by several countries can reduce acquisition costs. Therefore, if the US Air Force is planning to acquire aviation ammunition by applying it to the purchase of aviation ammunition, we will be able to significantly reduce the purchase cost by participating in this plan. Finally, there are some limitations to the method presented in this study, but starting from this study, I hope that the research on these methods will be actively pursued in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.35
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• pp.17-44
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• 1997

Medieval European practical art and style of costume is studied through referring to the literatures. The type of clothing that was seen on tapestries arts and crafts paintings and wall paintings and appeared in the architecture such as church. There were symbolic aspects of color motifs at this period and some restraints for clothing according to the social class, It was a period that draped garments due to the War of Crusades is appeared. Be-cause the medieval taste and decorative character is not only 'formative art' but also the taste beyoud 'mode' and atomsphere of that times it could be seen the strong reflec-tion of customs in the clothing of that times which is shown in works of art. 1) The purpose of Christian art which was found in mosaics stained glasses wall pain-tings and statues of architecture was not just the revival of natural phenomena but visuali-zation of sacred and invisible things. It was valuable to understandin of the spiritual through the sense organ It was a monumental art that was combined with decorative func-tion and role of the Bible. It revealed what was about the religious spiritual miracle, 2) In the medieval European painting characteristic and beautiful creativity was the basis of an argument. Both "Worship of East-ern" that is painted ion a parchment and "Cor-onation of Charles VI" were described decor-ation motifs on the edge of buildings geo-metric patterns and others with outstanding skill. there were precise technologic skill of architect and glassmen and lots of patience of craftsmen. " The Labour of the Months" and the scene of"A Trial at the Court" is also de-scribed elaborately. 3) Tapestry was developed in France Ger-many Swiss at the 14th century. Religionary and historical themes unicorn lady bird flowering plants and others were major motifs. It was very important as decorative wall coverings and as practical door arch and bed hangings. It was made through patient hard work with simple technique and it was con-sidered as an art for practical use. Tapestry was what everyone wish to have. It is reckoned for the item of the best gift. The royalty and nobility ordered and used custom-made tapestries. Sometimes the subject of motifs consisted of series which were deeply related to living 4) Decorative arts and crafts was the art that used materials such as precious metals jewels and others and that accorded with the luxurious and gorgeous taste of the royalty and nobility. Christian considered splendid and beautiful color of light as a symbol of glory. They used also for church appliances, There were metal crafts wood crafts textile crafts and others, As was stated above the costume appeared on the arts and crafts for living revealed the process of changes saw how the politic econ-omic and social organizations were developed.and social organizations were developed.