• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.584-587
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• 1990

Recently we experienced one, case of epiphrenic esophageal diverticulum of a 50 - year - old female patient who had complained heaviness in her chest after meals and occasional dysphagia for one year. Preoperative barium study showed a large epiphrenic esophageal diverticulum at about 7cm above the diaphragm which protruded to the right side of the mid thorax. On the operation field, epiphrenic esophageal diverticulum, measuring 5x 6x3cm in size, was noted. Diverticulectomy and extended myotomy was performed and the postoperative course was uneventful.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.63-73
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• 1990

Students of the Mogpo Merchant Marine College must complete one year's shipboard training course according to IMO(International Maritime Organization) regulations as an obtaining matter of Certificate of Competency. The purpose of this shipboard training course lies int he student's acquiring practical knowledge and sill as a part of a course of study and, in the future, fostering essential adaptability and leadership, especially in bad circumstances on the sea. The shipboard training course has two kind that the students can be trained either on the training ship or on a merchant ship of the shipping company. In this paper, I only thought over the legal status of apprentice officers on the merchant ship and analyzed the problems practicably during shipboard training. This paper is made up of five chapters. The first chapter contains the purpose contents and method of this study, in the second, the meaning of shipboard practice education and training, in the third, the legal status of apprentice officers on merchant ship, in the fourth, the analysis of the provisions of the seamen act applied to apprentice officers on a merchant ship. And in the last chapter 5, the contents mentioned is summarized and directions are presented to amend the provisions of the seamen act applied to apprentice officers. The conclusions are as follows. 1.In case of shipboard training on overseas employment ship, the seamen act applied to the manning agent employing the apprentice officers should be reinforced. 2. The provisions of disembarkation in mid course by discipline of the seamen acts Article 24 should be relaxed. And the provisions in relations to seamen's duty to be a reason of discipline applied to apprentice officer among the provisions for ship's public order maintenance should be abolished. 3. The provision of repartriation completely should be applied to apprentice officers and the provisions of a journey expenditure during their embarkation or disembarkation have to be established. 4. The apprentice officers in shipboard training also need securing a basic wages provision to be criterion of an accident compensation. 5. The apprentice officers in shipboard training should not be in charge of third officer's or third engineer' study.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2014

This study has a purpose mainly to analyze the team interaction change by the duration of time in the Capstone-Design activities according to MBTI Modes. Study objects are four students of Mechanical Engineering at School of Engineering in C University located in Daejeon, and the team interaction change was analyzed through IPA (Interaction Process Analysis) method. From the result, first, ESTP showed the change of increase in interaction by the time duration of initial, mid, late periods in 'social-emotional area: positive' and 'task area: question', and the change of decrease by the same time duration of periods in 'task area: solution'. Also, there was no change in 'social-emotional area: negative' because there was no interaction. Second, ESFJ showed the change of decrease in interaction by the time duration of initial, mid, late periods in 'social-emotional area: positive' and 'task area: question', and the change of increase by the same time duration of periods in 'task area: solution' and 'social-emotional area: negative'. Third, ISTJ showed the change of decrease in interaction by the time duration of initial, mid, late periods in 'social-emotional area: positive', 'task area: question' and 'social-emotional area: negative', and the change of increase by the same time duration of periods in 'task area: solution'. Fourth, ENFP showed the change of decrease by the time duration of initial, mid, late periods in 'social-emotional area: positive', 'task area: solution' and 'social-emotional area: negative', and the change of increase by the same time duration of periods in 'task area: question'.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2019

Background: The mid-term performance of clinical linear accelerator (LINAC) during volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) treatment period is not performed in clinical practice and usually replaced with one-time plan quality assurance (QA). In this research we aim to monitor daily reproducibility of VMAT delivery from tracking individual leaf movement error and dosimetric error to evaluate the mid-term quality of the machine used. Materials and Methods: First, multileaf collimator (MLC) information was imported into MATLAB program to determine which of the MLC leaves in the leaf bank had the maximum RMS position error (maxRMS). We estimated where the maximum positional errors (maxPE) of the chosen leaf occur along its path length and tracked its daily variations over the entire treatment period. Secondly, picture information of dosimetric error from portal dosimetry was imported into MATLAB where representative high gamma index region (HGR) was determined as HGR with length of > 1 cm and their centers were daily tracked. Results and Discussion: The maxPEs in the brain and tongue cases were distributed broader than in other cases, but all data were found located within ${\pm}0.5mm$. From first day to last day all of five cases show the similar visual pattern of HGRs and Centers of the longest HGRs remained within ${\pm}1mm$ of that in first day. These findings prove excellent mid-term performance of the LINAC used in VMAT treatments over a full course of treatment. Conclusion: Tracking the daily location changes of leaf movement and dosimetric error can be a good indicator of predicting the daily quality like stability and reproducibility of beam delivering in VMAT treatment.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.8-12
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• 1985

낙동강하류(洛東江下流)의 순(純)갈대초지(草地)에 있어서 현존량(現存量)의 계절적(季節的) 변화(變化), 최대현존량(最大現存量)의 년별변화(年別變化), 물질생산구조(物質生産構造)의 계절변화(季節變化) 및 년순생산성(年純生産性)을 평가(評價)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 순갈대초지(草地)의 최대현존량(最大現存量)은 9월(月) 중순(中旬)에 나타났으며 평균(平均) 최대일물질생산성(最大日物質生産成)은 6월(月)과 7월(月)사이로 $32.7g/m^2/day$ 였다. 2. 순갈대초지(草地)의 엽면적지수(葉面積指數)는 4월(月)부터 점차 증가하여 7월(月)에 최대치(最大値)(10.5)에 이르고 다시 감소하였다. 3. 지상부(地上部)의 초장(草長)은 9월(月) 중순(中旬)에 320cm로 최대(最大)에 이르며 길이생장(生長)이 완료(完了)됨을 알 수 있었다. 4. 순갈대초지(草地) 년순생산성(年純生産性)은 $3,399g/m^2/year$로 안정(安定)된 초지군락(草地群落)을 형성(形成)하고 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 5. 순갈대초지(草地)의 물질생산구조(物質生産構造)는 협엽형과 광엽형의 중간형으로 초지(草地)가 성숙함에 따라 잎의 분포(分布)가 상층부(上層部)에 집중하는 현상을 나타내었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.985-992
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• 2016

Objective of the study is to evaluate volumetric and dosimetric alterations taking place during radiotherapy for locally advanced head and neck cancer (LAHNC) and to assess benefit of replanning in them. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients with LAHNC fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in a prospective study. Planning scans were acquired both pre-treatment and after 20 fractions (mid-course) of radiotherapy. Single plan (OPLAN) based on initial CT scan was generated and executed for entire treatment course. Beam configuration of OPLAN was applied to anatomy of interim scan and a hybrid plan (HPLAN30) was generated. Adaptive replanning (RPLAN30) for remaining fractions was done and dose distribution with and without replanning compared for remaining fractions. Results: Substantial shrinkage of target volume (TV) and parotids after 4 weeks of radiotherapy was reported (p<0.05). No significant difference between planned and delivered doses was seen for remaining fractions. Hybrid plans showed increase in delivered dose to spinal cord and parotids for remaining fractions. Interim replanning improved homogeneity of treatment plan and significantly reduced doses to cord (Dmax, D2% and D1%) and ipsilateral parotid (D33%, D50% and D66%) (p<0.05). Conclusions: Use of one or two mid-treatment CT scans and replanning provides greater normal tissue sparing along with improved TV coverage.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.3-9
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 워싱턴어코드를 따르는 IT관련 프로그램에서 비용의 문제 또는 교과목 특성상의 문제로 만져볼 수 있는 형태의 설계 프로젝트가 용이하지 않은 교과목에서 설계 프로젝트를 개발하고 2년 동안 실시한 결과에 관하여 논의 하였다. 정보통신공학심화 프로그램의 네트워크설계 교과목을 위하여 실제 장비와 똑같이 동작환경을 설정하고 시험할 수 있는 네트워크 시뮬레이터를 활용하여 2 ~ 3인이 한조가 되어 협업할 수 있는 설계 프로젝트를 개발하였다. 프로젝트는 설계 구성요소와 제한요소가 있는 개방형 문제로 출제하였고 5주 이상 진행하였으며 교과목 성적에 30%를 반영하였다. 결과물의 팀단위 발표평가 및 팀원상호평가, 전 후반기 설문조사, 중간고사와 기말고사에서의 직접평가를 통하여 설계능력을 측정한 결과 학기초에 비하여 크게 향상되었으며 학생들의 만족도가 높음을 확인하였다. 또한 전년도 실시결과 나타난 문제점을 다음해에 반영하여 CQI를 완성하였다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.137-151
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• 2004

Many of today's environmental problems are regional in scope and their effects overlap and interact. The purpose of this paper is to developed a simple method for an integrated assessment of environmental conditions across the Mid-Nakdong River Region, by combining data on land use, impervious cover, roads, streams, riparian areas, forest patches, population, pollutant loadings, soil erosion and topography. A cluster analysis was used to identify groups of sub-watersheds with similar environmental characteristics. The mean value for each group was used to find watershed that may be more vulnerable to future environmental degradation. Watersheds in cluster I and II had high amount of forest, but the amount of riparian vegetation was low. Watersheds in cluster III, which located in the middle Geumho River and the main course of Nakdong River, had a greater proportion of their agriculture, a greater proportion of agriculture on steep slopes, and less forest adjacent to streams. Watersheds in cluster IV and V were in the most urbanized areas of the region. The principal adverse impacts for watersheds in this group were high scores for urban area, impervious cover, pollutant loadings, population density, forest fragmentation, and low amounts of forest and riparian forest cover. Notwithstanding the exploratory nature of cluster analysis, it appears to be a useful tool for grouping watersheds with similar environmental characteristics.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.44-60
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to present suggestions to improve the problems the domestic department stores face by analyzing and comparing the status of the development of PB which is absolutely critical for the specialized domestic department stores to survive, and to search for the future course which may lead to boosting sales and profit by developing the strategic PB products. Selected for this study were atotal of 20 PB's out of domestic as well s foreign PB's in the 4 big department stores. The data were analyzed with SAS package employed as per the by items frequency, percent, mean and standard deviation. From the above study, following viewpoints can be taken into account for the future development of PB ; First, the active will of the excutive is basically necessary for successful development of PB, by relying on long-term investment. Second, the existing mid or low-price goods should be in line with the mid or high price one's development for domestic merchandising with focus on middle or high class society. Third, the stock burden, biggest problem of PB, can be solved by discount policy at optimum prices and success rate of merchandising prediction.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2017

Logistics companies distinguish between medium-sized business and small business according to the size of enterprises. Of course, conglomerates are called global corporations. In this study, mid-sized companies over a certain size or more and those below are classified and decide the priorities among important factors to secure competitiveness in logistics companies are determined through AHP technique. Mid-sized companies are companies that can provide more than two logistics services. For example, they provide warehousing and transportation services in the same time. small companies are companies that can mostly provide one functional service. Warehousing, transportation, manpower, and information are listed as factors in this study. As a result of the study, medium-sized companies emphasized on the importance of transportation. When it comes to small companies, warehousing was emphasized as an important factor. Due to the simultaneous and contemporary service of warehousing and transportation in small-sized company, the reliable image of the company will be underestimated in case of delays in transportation. Competitiveness will also be weakened. Global corporations or conglomerates will start to consider relocating warehousing areas to others except for the central storage hub. They won't plan to invest directly, either. Therefore, it will be possible to secure competitiveness by providing the function of warehousing and to signed easily partnership.