• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.815-821
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of accessibility to dental cervices of maxillary molars upon plaque control level of these areas. Fifthy-seven dental students with healthy gingiae participated in this study. Maxillary dental casts were fabricated for each participants. Using the casts, cervical accessibility was measured at the mid-palatal point of maxillary first and second molars. Cervical accessibility was defined as the perpendicular distance from the entrance of gingival sulcus to the imaginary line between the most protruded points of palatal gingiva and tooth surface, and classified into degree I(${\leq}0.5mm$), II($>0.5mm,\;{\leq}1.0mm$), III($>1.0mm,\;{\leq}1.5mm$), and IV(>1.5mm). Plaque score was recorded as the distance from crest of gingival margin to the most coronal extent of plaque. Measurements of plaque score were repeated 3 times at 1-week intervals. After the baseline measurements, the participants began to use unitufted brushes on randomly assigned right or left side. Two weeks later, a session of plaque score records identical to the baseline measurements was started. The maxillary second molars showed higher cervical accessibility than the first molars(p<0.01), but the plaque scores of maxillary second molars were also higher than those of first molars(p<0.01). For the maxillary first molars, correlation between accessibility and plaque score was statistically significant, but such correlation was not found for the second molars. Use of unitufted brushes decreased the plaque score(p<0.01). Correlation between accessibility and the degree of plaque score improvement was not found. These findings suggest that cervical accessibility may influence the amount of plaque, and use of adjunctive oral hygiene devices may be helpful in maintaining optimal oral hygiene level at the areas of low cervical accessib ility.

• 한국농촌간호학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the present status of institutionalized persons and personnel of nursing homes for elders. Method: A survey questionnaire was distributed to 520 nursing homes nationwide, of which 308 nursing homes responded by completing the questionnaire. The data were collected from November 1 to November 14, 2008. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results: Most home care facilities were situated in small or medium sized cities (46.8%, 56.6% respectively). About half of the nursing homes had 50-99 institutionalized persons (43.4~42.5%). Most of the nursing homes were operated by social welfare ownership. Average number of institutionalized persons was 41.7 and operation ratio of facilities was 93.9%. For severity of problems, 30% of institutionalized persons were assessed as third grade indicating mid-point severity. The average number of personnel was 18.6. The number of full-time positions was greater than that of part-time positions. The average income for the director was 2,600,000 Korean won, for nurses, 2,000,000, for social workers, 1,940,000, for physical therapists, 1,820,000, and for care workers, 1,560,000. Conclusion: Strategies need to be developed to maximize the value of the existing workforce without impacting on the quality of care delivered.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.75-85
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• 2003

화약폭발로 발생한 응력파 전파특성을 파악하기 위하여 화약종류, 장약조건, 전파매질조건 별로 실내 모형시험 및 현장 암반시험과 수치해석을 시행하였다. 수치해석은 시험조건과 동일한 조건을 모델링하여 시행하였다. 2공을 동시 발파하는 경우에 2공 중심에서 응력크기는 1공 발파보다 2배정도로 증가되었다. 최대응력 도달시간은 디커플링장전조건이 밀장전조건보다 2배정도 지연되어서 가스압력에 의해 최대 응력이 발생하였다. 시험결과와 수치해석결과를 비교.분석한 결과 수치해석결과가 시험결과보다 약간 저평가되었지만 비교적 유사하여 수치해석으로 발파결과를 미리 예측할 수 있었다. 도로터널의 일반적인 발파패턴도에 대하여 수치해석을 시행하고 외곽공과 외곽공과 인접한 확대공 발파로 인하여 발생하는 동적 암반거동 및 암반손상을 평가하였다. 수치해석결과 확대공의 손상영역이 외곽공보다 크게 나타났다. 확대공 손상영역을 감소시키기 위하여 낮은 밀도의 화약사용, 디커플링장전, 확대공과 외곽공사이의 거리 증가 등의 방안을 제안하였다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.403-418
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• 2018

This study conducted synoptic and mesoscale analyses to understand the cause of Japan Tsukuba tornado development, which occurred at 0340 UTC 6 May 2012. Prior to the tornado occurrence, there was a circular jet stream over Japan, and the surface was moist due to overnight precipitation. The circular jet stream brought cold and dry air to the upper-level atmosphere which let strong solar radiation heat the ground with clearing of sky cover. A tornadic supercell developed in the area of potentially unstable atmosphere. Sounding data at Tateno showed a capping inversion at 900 hPa at 0000 UTC 6 May. Strong insolation in early morning hours and removal of the inversion instigated vigorous updraft with rotation due to vertical shear in the upper-level atmosphere. This caused multiple tornadoes to occur from 0220 to 0340 UTC 6 May 2012. When comparing Tateno's climatological temperature and dew-point temperature profile on the day of event, the mid-level atmosphere was moister than typical sounding in the region. This study showed that tornado development in Tsukuba was caused by a combination of (a) topography and potential vorticity anomaly, which increased vorticity over the Kanto Plain; (b) vertical shear, which produced horizontal vortex line; and c) thermal instability, which triggered supercell and tilted the vortex line in the vertical.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.169-174
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• 2012

Purpose: There are various methods proposed for the evaluation of the hindfoot alignment. However, due to structural calcaneus variances between patients, it is hard to assess this alignment definitively. Thus, this study proposes a new method for evaluating of the hindfoot alignment and its comparisons to the existing current methods. Materials and Methods: This study includes simple weight bearing hindfoot coronal view radiographs of 120 patients, taken between the time period of March 2008 to November 2009. Among the 120 patients, there was a 1:1 ratio of male to female with an average age of 40. The newly proposed method for evaluating this alignment is to draw a moment arm from the point where the sustentaculum tali meets the medial calcaneus border to the most prominent aspect of the lateral process of the calcaneal tuberosity. The angle produced via the intersection of this moment arm to the mid-longitudinal axis of the tibia is found and used to evaluate the hindfoot alignment. The inter and intra-observer reliability was evaluated using the coefficient of intraclass correlation. This study also investigates the comparisons between the newly proposed method to the traditionally used Saltzman et al hindfoot alignment evaluating technique. Results: The newly proposed method has higher inter and intra-observer reliability than the existing traditional Saltzman et al technique. Conclusion: This new method is recommended over the traditionally used Saltzman et al technique as it has a stronger confidence level and is appropriate for assessing hindfoot alignment in simple radiographs.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.174-182
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze the professionalism of elementary school teachers and to draw out factors which elementary teachers should try to improve their professionalism for environmental education. For the study, both Quantitative analysis and qualitative methodologies were applied: First, randomly selected 483 elementary teachers from Seoul and Gyeonggi self responded to 5 evaluation areas by Hungerford et al. (1994) to evaluate their environmental education professionalism through the use of five point Likert scale. Second, 2 elementary teachers' environmental classes were observed for the purpose of analyzing strengths and weaknesses in classroom instruction, and then the results of self-evaluation on environmental education professionalism and teacher professionalism as shown in the classes were compared. It was found that 483 elementary teachers including 2 teachers fer analyzing classroom instruction who performed a self-evaluation gave themselves mid-scores on the Hungerford et al.'s 5 evaluation areas. However, the result of self-evaluation did not correspond with the result of actual class observation and teacher interview. That is, the actual environmental classes conducted by 2 teachers did not seemed to reflect the evaluation areas which were the foundation of the study: the conceptual awareness, the investigation & evaluation, environmental action skills, and educational application. The results of this study can be used as the basis reference to develop teaching-learning program and in-service programs for professional development of teachers for successful application of environmental education in elementary school classes.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.84-99
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• 2014

In this study, determinant input-output variables are identified for calculating Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) efficiency scores relating to evaluating the efficiency of government-sponsored research and development (R&D) projects. In particular, this study proposes a systematic framework of design and analysis of experiments, called "all possible DEAs", for pinpointing DEA determinant input-output variables. In addition to correlation analyses, two modified measures of time series analysis are developed in order to check the similarities between a DEA complete data structure (CDS) versus the rest of incomplete data structures (IDSs). In this empirical analysis, a few DEA determinant input-output variables are found to be associated with a typical public R&D performance evaluation logic model, especially oriented to a mid- and long-term performance perspective. Among four variables, only two determinants are identified : "R&D manpower" ($x_2$) and "Sales revenue" ($y_1$). However, it should be pointed out that the input variable "R&D funds" ($x_1$) is insignificant for calculating DEA efficiency score even if it is a critical input for measuring efficiency of a government-sonsored R&D project from a practical point of view a priori. In this context, if practitioners' top priority is to see the efficiency between "R&D funds" ($x_1$) and "Sales revenue" ($y_1$), the DEA efficiency score cannot properly meet their expectations. Therefore, meticulous attention is required when using the DEA application for public R&D performance evaluation, considering that discrepancies can occur between practitioners' expectations and DEA efficiency scores.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• 제1호
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• pp.167-175
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• 2001

After World War II, Japan experienced a great political and social shift, which brought a concern of emerging public landscape in urban development. This paper analyses the management of the aesthetic intentions in urban design effort. We reviewed the development of various public installation of artworks concerning urban landscape aesthetics through its administrative process in chronological order. The monuments during the first decade marked a shift in emphasis from the militarism of the pre-war and wartime period to one of peace. However, some of the monuments and sculptures are not immune to controversy. This became an issue that could no be ignored by public officials whose responsibility was to place the sculptures while maintaining sensitivity to public opinion. As public administrators began to consider the possibility that sculptures may contribute to improving public amenities, the contextual concepts were basically ignored. Some of the programs in 1970s began to show more respect to the context, while other programs in this period expressed more interest in educational aspects of sculptures in the public spaces. Urban development projects also seek to introduce artworks integrated to their urban design concepts in 1990s. Generally, the administrators responsible for these programs were rarely trained in any relative field study other than public administration. Installing sculptures tended to be considered as part of public works projects on the level of urban planning and construction. The general public is basically removed from participating in the critical decisions that actually impact their lives in relation to the artworks. In conclusion, public art in japan has unique social and historic background both in its advantages and disadvantages. Issues pertaining to art in public spaces have evolved over the decades as the term "sculpture pollution" began to appear by the mid 1990s. most of the problems originated in either the lack of monumentality, contextual consideration, quality, or public participation. From another point of view, these programs played great roll in the development of modern Japanese sculpture and patronizing process, and the creation of new urban landscape with aesthetic value. In this sense, they must be considered as successful and noteworthy examples of cultural administration and urban design policy.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.581-586
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• 2018

중증 질환 환자의 대부분은 치료 적기를 놓쳐 병을 키우게 된 경우가 많다. 높은 자각 증상이 나타나거나 강력한 통증이 없는 경우 병원 방문을 심각하게 고려하지 않는다. 치은염의 경우 잇몸에서 출혈을 일으키며 치아 붕괴를 일으키는 질환이지만 초기의 증상이 경미하다. 이 시점에서의 병원 치료는 매우 높은 효과를 가진다. 그러나 치료시기를 놓칠 경우 잇몸과 구강의 건강에 심각한 문제를 일으켜 음식을 섭취 할 수없는 상황까지 병증이 진행된다. 본 논문에서는 환자의 치주 이미지를 스마트 폰으로 촬영하여 실시간으로 치의료 기관에 구축된 환자 관리 시스템으로 정보를 전송한다. 전송된 정보를 담당 의사가 판단하며 이에 대한 치료 적기 정보를 환자에게 제공한다.

• 정보처리학회논문지A
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• 제12A권2호
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• pp.181-190
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• 2005

웹 기반 원격교육 환경의 발전이 꾸준히 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 원격교육 환경에서 교육미디어 자체의 발전에 비해 학습자의 학습효과에 대한 연구는 아직 미약하다. 현재 대부분의 원격강의 시스템에서 학습평가를 위해 온라인 혹은 오프라인을 통한 중간, 기말 시험 등에 주로 의존하기 때문에 원격강의에서 학습효과의 평가는 한계를 보여주고 있다. 원격강의는 시공간의 제약을 받지 않는다는 장점이 있는 반면 학습평가에 있어 학습자들의 실제 학습태도나 학습효과를 평가하는 방법이 제한적이라는 단점도 있다. 원격강의에서 학습자의 성실한 학습태도는 학습효과를 높이는 중요한 요소이다. 본 연구에서는 가상강의에서 학습자의 학습태도를 실시간으로 평가하고 피드백해 주어 학습효과를 높이는 방안을 제안한다. 또한 실험 시스템을 구축하여 효과 및 가능성을 확인한다.