• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.135-144
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• 1999

Environmental toxicities of priority water pollutants were evaluated by two selected bioassays, Lettuce seed germination/elongation test and Microtox acute toxicity test. Toxic chemicals (heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and phenolic compounds) inhibited the germination rate and root elongation of Lettuce seed, as well as the bioluminescence of Microtox bacteria. When test biota were exposed to target chemicals, the sensitivity of Lettuce bioassay was relatively lower than that of Microtox bioassay. However, Lettuce bioassay may be a good candidate for prescreening the environmental toxicities of priority water pollutants, since the testing method with Lettuce seed was relatively easier and more economic than with Microtox bacteria. Toxicity tests were conducted to compare the validity and sensitivity of both bioassays for sediment from a small stream passed through urban area as well as leachate from a municipal solid waste landfill. From experimental results, we found that Lettuce test and Microtox test are compensated each other as a battery of bioassay for evaluating the environmental toxicities of field samples obtained from a small stream contaminated by pollutants.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.143-151
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• 2001

Six rivers were selected as preliminary screening sites to determine the test conditions of Microtox in assessing the toxicity of the sediment. In addition, a pH range of 6.0∼6.5 was established in testing pore water, aqueous extracts and organic extracts. Each extractable fraction of sediment showed different toxicities. Therefore, in order to properly examine the toxicity in the sediment, all extractable fractions of sediment samples needed to be tested with Microtox. Thus, sediment samples were additionally collected from at least 4 secondary sites within 50∼100ｍ area of the primary sampling site to reduce any variation or deviation in toxicity assessment. From all sediment toxicity data that was collected from this study, it was concluded that the Keumho river was the most polluted with the highest sediment toxicity of all the rivers analyzed and needed further detailed research on its pollution problem.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2012년도 학술발표회
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• pp.674-677
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 기존 매립이나 지반보강재로 사용되던 소각재 용융슬래그를 고부가가치 수처리 여재로 활용하기 위하여 형광성 박테리아를 통한 Microtox 생물검정법으로 독성을 평가하였다. 소각재 용융슬래그의 독성평가 대조군으로는 기존의 수처리 여재인 입상활성탄(석탄계/야자계/목탄계), PP PE펠렛(Poly-Propylene Poly-Ethylene pallet), 표준여과사를 비교하였으며, 시료의 용출시험은 US EPA에서 제안한 TCLP 방법을 사용하였다. Microtox Acute Toxicity 평가 결과, 독성순위는 석탄계 입상 활성탄, 소각재 용융슬래그, 목탄계 입상활성탄, 야자계 입상활성탄, 표준여과사, PP PE 순으로 나타났으며, 실험에 사용된 모든 수처리 여재들은 급성독성을 고려하지 않는 무독성으로 나타났다. 따라서 소각재 용융슬래그가 수처리를 목적으로 수체에 편입시켜도 기존의 수처리 여재들과 비교할 때 수환경에 미치는 영향은 미미할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 1996년도 제19회정기학술대회(The 19th Symposium of the Korean Society of Environmental Toxicology)
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• pp.48-48
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• 1996

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2003년도 Challenges and Achievements in Environmental Health
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• pp.158-161
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• 2003

Toxicity evaluations of 3-tert-butyl-, 2-isopropyl-, 3-isopropyl- and 4-propyl-phenol and their binary mixtures were performed with the Microtox$\^$(R) / assay and compared to invertebrates and fish. The single chemical, 4-isopropylphenol, exhibited the greatest relative toxicity to the Microtox organism (Vibrio fischeri). The relative electrophilicity (LUMO) of the phenols, in contrast to the lipophilicity (Log P), was strongly correlated with toxicity to V fischeri (r$^2$=0.96, p<0.01). In contrast, relative electrophilicity alone could not explain variances in toxicity of the phenols to Ceriodaphnia dubia. Results suggest that electrophilicity in conjunction with lipophilicity provide better correlation with toxicity to C. dubia and Pimephales promelas. Microtox results from the binary mixture toxicity tests of selected phenolics indicate a mechanism of interaction governed by suppression/antagonism.

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 1996년도 제19회정기학술대회(The 19th Symposium of the Korean Society of Environmental Toxicology)
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• pp.44-44
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• 1996

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 2001년도 춘계심포지움 및 학술발표회
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• pp.133-133
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• 2001

금호강 하상퇴적물의 오염 상태를 평가하는 일환으로 대구시 외곽 상류지역과 하류지역에서 각각 한 정점씩 선정하여 상ㆍ하류 지역간 생태 독성의 수준차이를 비교하였다. 연구 목적상 FETAX와 Microtox bioassay를 생태독성평가 수단으로 활용하였다. FETAX(Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus)는 Xenopus laevis의 embryos를 이용하여 환경오인물질의 최기형성과 급성독성을 평가하는 기법이다. (중략)

• 환경기술인
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• 통권178호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2001

기존의 Microtox assay를 대체하고 국내 실정에 맞는 독성검사-조기경보장치를 개발하기 위하여 독성물질에 매우 민감하게 반응하는 새로운 세균을 수계에서 분리하여 발광유전자인 luxAB로 형질전환시켰다. 또한, luxAB유전자를 포함하는 플라스미드로 형질전환된 균주를 이용하여 여러 가지 독성물질에 대한 독성검사를 수행하였다. 민감도를 증진시킨 균주 YH9-RC를 대상으로 여러 가지 화합물에 대한 EC50 값을 측정하였을 때 기존의 Microtox

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제11권1_2호
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• pp.31-39
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• 1996

Leachate from municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill, effluent from leachate treatment plant, and ground water sample from a monitoring well near landfill site were tested for an acute toxicity. Microtox toxicity test was used for testing the acute toxicity of leachate and other samples. EC$_{50}$ values which a concentration of pollutant for reducing 50% light output from luminescent bacteria, Photobacterium phosphoreum were determined to assess the toxicity of pollutants as well as the relative toxicity. In addition, characteristics of leachate were studied and compared to those of phenol and pentachlorophenol (PCP) which are typical aquatic toxic pollutants. For leachate, EC$_{50}$ for 30 min incubation was 10.8%, while for phenol and PCP, 46 ppm and 1.2 ppm, respectively. the relative toxicity of treated leachate by in situ aeration with activated sludge was reduced to more than 75% of toxicity of the untreated leachate. Microtox toxicity test was failed to figure out EC$_{50}$ values for groundwater from a monitoring well since the relative toxicity of the unconcentrated sample was too low to estimate EC$_{50}$. Addition of activated carbon to leachate was reduced the relative toxicity. The reduction Pattern of the relative toxicity of leachate by mechanical aeration was similar to that of PCP, but different from that of phenol. These findings suggest that the toxicity of leachate may come from PCP-like toxic compounds rather than phenol-like one. In conclusion, the process of aeration with activated sludge might be very important to reduce the environmental toxicity of leachate. And Microtox test could be a reasonable bioassay for screening and monitoring the environmental toxicity of leachate from municipal solid waste landfill as well as for determining the reduction efficiency of the leachate toxicity by various treatment processes in leachate treatment plant.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.1114-1119
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• 2012

$Ag^+$ 이온을 주성분으로 하는 $Ag^+N$과 $Ag^0$ 나노입자를 주성분으로 하는 $Ag^0NP$의 미생물학적 독성을 Microtox 생물검정법을 이용하여 수용액과 토양에서 용량-반응관계를 이용하여 비교, 평가하였다. 수용액 실험에서 Vibrio fisheri의 50% 발광 저해율을 보여주는 $EC_{50}$ 값은 $Ag^+N$이 $Ag^0NP$ 보다 현저히 낮게 나타나, 이온상태의 $Ag^+N$이 독성이 훨씬 높음을 알 수 있었다. 노출시간이 15분에서 30분으로 증가하면 독성 또한 증가했다. 반대로 토양 추출액 실험에서는 $Ag^+N$의 $ED_{50}$ 값이 $Ag^0NP$의 값 보다 높아, $Ag^+N$의 독성이 더 낮게 나타났다. 이것은 $Ag^+N$의 $Ag^+$가 토양 입자 또는 부식산에 강하게 흡착 되거나, Microtox 희석제 NaCl과 반응하여 난용해성 AgCl 침전물을 형성하여, 토양 추출액 중의 활성 Ag 농도가 감소한 것에 기인하는 것으로 판단되었다. Microtox 분석에 의한 Ag 나노용액의 생물학적 독성은 Ag의 존재형태 ($Ag^+$, $Ag^0$), 반응매질 (수용액, 토양), 노출시간에 따라 서로 상이한 결과를 보여 주었다.