• Composites Research
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.311-316
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 3 wt.%, 10 wt.% Cr이 함유된 Fe-합금 분말을 기지 금속으로 하여 분말야금공정을 통해 TiC/steel 금속복합재료를 제조하였다. 이후 복합재료의 기계적 물성에 미치는 열처리의 영향을 고찰하고자, 어닐링 열처리 및 칭-템퍼링 열처리를 실시하였다. 인장, 압축 그리고 항절력 시험과 미세조직 분석을 통하여 Cr 함량 및 열처리 조건에 따른 미세조직의 변화와 구조적 강도 변화의 연관성을 고찰하였다. 10 wt.% Cr을 함유한 TiC/steel의 경우, TiC/steel 계면에서 형성된 조대한 Cr carbide의 영향으로 상온 인장강도 및 항절력이 크게 저하하였다. 이에 반해 압축강도에서는 Cr이 3 wt.%, 10 wt.% 함유된 TiC/steel 복합재료 모두 Cr carbide의 유무와 관계없이 어닐링 열처리 시편에 비해 칭-템퍼링 열처리 후 약 4 GPa에 달하는 높은 압축강도를 보였다.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.464-466
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• 2009

This study tried to examine the suitability of strip casting process such as PFC (Planar Flow Casting) method for soldering Au-Sn strip. The effect of heat treatment on the tensile behavior and mechanical properties of an Au-Sn strip was investigated through tensile test, micro hardness test, X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM, and TEM observations. It was apparent that 20-mm width Au-Sn strip could be well produced by using planar flow casting process. Tensile results showed that tensile strength increased from 338.3MPa to 310MPa and plastic strain improved from 0% to 1.5% with heat treatment ($170^{\circ}C$/70 hrs.). The microstructure of Au-Sn strip mainly consisted of two phases; $Au_5Sn(\zeta)$ and AuSn($\sigma$). It was also found that inhomogeneous amorphous local structure continuously changed to the homogeneous two phases microstructure with heat treatment. The fractographical observation after tensile test indicated the cleavage fracture mode of as-casted Au-Sn strip. On the other hand, the heat treated Au-Sn strip showed that fracture propagated along interface between brittle AuSn and ductile $Au_5Sn$ phases. The deformation behavior of strip casted Au-Sn alloy with microstructural evolution and the improve method for ductility of this alloy was also suggested.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제32권1A호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2012

콘크리트는 대표적인 다상 재료로서, 재료를 구성하는 각 성분의 공간적 분포는 콘크리트의 특성에 큰 영향을 미친다. 콘크리트에 존재하는 공극(void)은 콘크리트의 강도 및 투수성에 큰 영향을 주는 요인으로서, 콘크리트의 재료 물성의 파악을 위해 내부 공극의 분포를 파악하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 투수 콘크리트의 공극 분포 분석을 위해서 CT(computed tomography)로부터 얻은 단면 이미지를 중첩하여 3차원 콘크리트 디지털 시편을 생성, 공극 분포를 시각화(visualization)하였다. 공극 분포 상태를 확률적으로 묘사하기 위하여 확률 분포 함수들(two-point correlation function, lineal-path function과 two-point cluster function)을 사용하여 투수 콘크리트 디지털 시편의 공극 분포를 분석하였다. 그 결과, CT와 확률 분포 함수를 이용한 3차원 이미지 분석 방법을 통하여 투수 콘크리트 내부에 존재하는 공극의 공간적 분포에 대한 연속성, 투수성 및 이방성을 효과적으로 파악할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.34-41
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• 2011

Wrought nickel-base superalloys are being considered as the structural materials in very-high temperature gas-cooled reactors. To understand the effects of impurities, especially oxygen, in helium coolant on the mechanical properties of Alloy 617, creep tests were performed in high temperature flowing He environments with varying $O_2$ contents at 800, 900, and $1000^{\circ}C$. Also, creep life in static He was measured to simulate the pseudo-inert environment. Creep life was the longest in static He, while the shortest in flowing helium. In static He, impurities like $O_2$ and moisture were quickly consumed by oxidation in the early stage of creep test, which prevented further oxidation during creep test. Without oxidation, microstructural change detrimental to creep such as decarburization and internal oxidation were prevented, which resulted in longer creep life. On the other hand, in flowing He environment, surface oxides were not stable enough to act as diffusion barriers for oxidation. Therefore, extensive decarburization and internal oxidation under tensile load contributed to premature failure resulting in short creep life. Limited test in flowing He+200ppm $O_2$ resulted in even shorter creep life. The oxidation samples showed extensive spallation which resulted in severe decarburization and internal oxidation in those environments. Further test and analysis are underway to clarify the relationship between oxidation and creep resistance.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.591-597
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• 2001

Ti합금은 고온환경에서 고강도가 요구되는 항공기의 엔진 부품등의 소재로 적용되고 있다. Ti합금은 이와 같이 기계적 성능이 우수함에도 불구하고 ${\alpha}$상과 ${\beta}$상의 조성에 의한 두 상의 미세 구조에 의한 초음파 산란으로 초음파를 이용한 비파괴 평가에서 피로균열 검출이 어려운 단점이 있다. 합금내의 결정립에서 산란되는 초음파 신호에 의하여 결함이 존재하지 않는 경우에도 산란 신호가 검출되는 결정립 산간 잡음 신호가 존재하며, 이들 결정립 산란 잡음 신호는 합금내부에 존재하는 기공 및 불순불 등의 결함 검출을 어렵게 하늘 요인이다. 본 연구에서는 Ti합금의 효율적일 초음파를 이용한 비파괴 평가의 적응을 위하여 Ti합금 시험편에 대하여 초음파 전파속도 측정 및 미세 드릴 가공에 의한 인공 결함의 검출능 평가 등을 수행하였다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2012

보일러 튜브용 크롬강의 열화기구에 대해 고찰하였다. 크롬강의 열화는 경도 및 응력-파단 수명의 변화를 동반하는데, 이는 주로 탄화물 분해 거동에 의존한다. 그런데 2Cr강인 T22의 열화는 이러한 탄화물 거동에 따르지만 12Cr강인 X20의 열화는 마르텐사이트 래쓰 성장거동에 따르기도 한다. T22와 X20의 열화에 의한 경도값과 응력-파단수명 변화현상을 미세조직적인 측면에서 고찰하였다.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.94-100
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• 2004

In order to improve the wear resistance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy, plasma carburization treatment was newly carried out without consumption of its good specific strength and fatigue life over the temperature. Effect of the plasma carburization was analyzed and compared with the non-treated alloy by microstructural observation, structure characterization and mechanical test. The plasma treated alloy formed a carburized layer of about $150{\mu}m$ in depth from the surface, where a fine and hard particles of TiC and $V_4C_3$ were homogeneously dispersed through the layer. The steady-static creep behaviors of Ti-6Al-4V alloy, using the constant stress creep tester, were investigated over the temperature range of $510{\sim}550^{\circ}C$(0.42~0.44Tm) and the stress range of 200~275 MPa. Stress exponent(n) was decreased from 9.32 of non-treatment specimen to 8.95 of carburized, however, the activation energy(Q) increased from 238 to 250 kJ/mol with the same condition as indicated above. From the above results, it can be concluded that the static creep deformation for Ti-6Al-4V alloy was controlled by the dislocation climb over the ranges of the experimental conditions.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.105-111
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• 2008

Symmetric three layer composites have been prepared by freeze casting and then pressureless sintered at $l700-1800^{\circ}C$ in $N_2$ gas atmosphere. The relative sintered density of multilayer composites having microstructural characteristics of later intermediate-stage densification increased with sintering temperature and reached about 95% theoretical value at $1800^{\circ}C$. Although the indentation strength of the multilayer composites was generally reduced with increasing Vickers indentation load up to 294N, the damage resistance of multilayer composites was superior compared to monolithic layer 95AL/5SN material. The three-point bend strength of the layered materials remained at the values 266-298 MPa after indentation with a load of 49N, while that of the monolithic 95AL/5SN material was 219 MPa. The fracture toughness of the multilayer material was $5.4-6.6\;MPa\;m^{1/2}$.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제45권10호
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• pp.610-617
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• 2008

Multi-walled carbon nanotube(CNT) reinforced hydroxyapatite composite coating with a thickness of $5{\mu}m$ has been successfully deposited on Ti substrate using aerosol deposition(AD). The coating had a dense microstructure with no cracks or pores, showing good adhesion with the Ti substrate. Microstructural observation using field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) showed that CNTs with original tubular morphology were found in the hydroxyapatite-CNT(HA-CNT) composite coating. Measurements of hardness and elastic modulus for the coating were performed by nanoindentation tests, indicating that the mechanical properties of the coating were remarkably improved by the addition of CNT to HA coating. Therefore, HA-CNT composite coating produced by AD is expected to be potentially applied to the coating for high load bearing implants.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2010

This paper was studied on microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion characteristics of 316L stainless steel pipe welds was fabricated by orbital welding process. S-Ar specimen was fabricated by using Ar purge gas and S-$N_2$ specimen was fabricated by using $N_2$ purge gas. Ferrite was not detected in weld metal of S-$N_2$ specimen but the order of 0.13 Ferrite number(FN) was detected in weld metal of S-Ar specimen. Oxygen and Nitrogen concentration of S-$N_2$ specimen was higher than S-Ar specimen on HAZ and inner bead. The welds microstructural characteristics of S-Ar and S-$N_2$ specimens are similar. The microvickers hardness values of S-Ar and S-$N_2$ specimens welds were similar and average values of each regions were in the range of 174~194. The microstructures of S-Ar and S-$N_2$ weld metal were full austenite by primary austenite solidification. The Solidification structures of S-Ar and S-$N_2$ weld metal were formed directional dendrite toward bead center. The potentiodynamic polarization curve of STS 316L pipe welds exhibited typical active, passive, transpassive behaviour. Corrosion current density$(I_{corr.})$ and corrosion rate values of S-Ar specimen in 0.1M HCl solution were $0.95{\mu}A/cm^2$ and $0.31{\mu}A$/year respectively. The values of S-$N_2$ specimen were $1.4{\mu}A/cm^2$ and $0.45{\mu}m$/year.