• 환경생물
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.165-173
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• 2018

저어새의 먹이생물을 파악하기 위해 2010년 6월부터 2014년 6월까지 인천 남동유수지에서 저어새의 토사물 시료를 채집하여 현미경 관찰 및 차세대염기서열(NGS) 기법으로 분석하였다. 저어새의 먹이생물은 어류, 갑각류, 다모류, 곤충류로 구성되어 있었으며, 주로 저어새는 어류와 갑각류를 섭이하는 것으로 나타났다. 최우점 먹이생물은 풀망둑(Acanthogobius hasta)이었으며, 이 외에도 길게(Macrophthalmus abbreviates), 징거미새우류(Macrobrachium sp.), 칠게(Macrophthalmus japonicus), 각시흰새우(Exopalaemon modestus), 참갯지렁이(Neanthes japonica)가 우점 먹이생물로 출현하였다. 이들 먹이생물은 번식지 인근지역인 송도갯벌과 시화호에서 흔히 발견되며, 저어새는 채식지로써 이들 지역에 대한 의존도가 높을 것으로 판단된다. 현미경과 NGS로 분석한 일부 먹이생물에서 차이를 보였는데, 이는 토사물 내 먹이생물은 저어새의 위 내에서 분해되어 현미경 분석을 통한 형태학적 분류 특징을 찾기 어려웠던 반면, NGS 분석은 유전자를 통해 분류가 가능하기 때문에 형태학적 분석의 결과보다 높은 종 다양성을 보인 결과이다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.359-366
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• 2001

Studies were carried out to explore the influence of dietary protein level on bone metabolism in uninephrectomized rat (experimental renal failure model) when dietary Ca and P contents were equal. Male rats were uninephrectomized or sham operated and fed 8%, 15% and 40% casein diets for 24 weeks. Ca and P contents of the all diet were 0.4% and 0.6% respectively. The results are summarized as follows. We did not found any significant difference in PTH and Ca level of the serum, Ca intake and Ca excretion among the experimental groups. There was significant positive correlation between the PTH and phosphate level. There was significant inverse correlation between serum Ca and creatinine level. The effect of the dietary protein level and renal mass loss on density and Ca contents of the bone were small and different according to the kinds of the bone. Low protein diet was associated with a significant enhancement of scapular density. Femur and vertebra density, however, were not influenced by dietary protein level and uninephrectomy. Light microscopic examination showed several calcified foci in the kidney in all experimental groups. Low protein diets have been used for a long time in the conservative management of chronic renal failure as they have a beneficial effect in preventing the appearance of symptoms. This study elucidated that part of beneficial effects of the low protein diet related to the suppression of the hyperphosphatemia. And these results, even though uninephrectomized rats fed high protein diet, the secondary hyperparathyroidism is supressed by the regulation of the P level. Therefore this study emphasized the need to pay more attention to the regulation of dietary P level as well as dietary protein content in chronic renal failure. (Korean J Nutrition 34(4): 359∼366, 2001)

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.152-161
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• 2006

Purpose : In Korea, the school urine screening program is a useful tool for screening urine abnormalities. It is particularly useful in early detection of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis(MPGN) I, which frequently progresses to chronic renal failure. In this study, we studied the medical history, laboratory findings, and histologic findings of MPGN to gain helpful information on early detection and treatment. Methods : The subjects were 19 children, who were diagnosed with MPGN from kidney biopsies that were performed in ten nationwide university hospitals because of abnormal urine findings from school urine screening programs conducted from July 1999 to April 2004. We divided the patients into 2 groups, a nephrotic range proteinuria group(n=8) and a non-nephrotic proteinuria group(n=11), and retrospectively analyzed the clinical features, laboratory findings, histologic findings, treatment, and clinical course. Results : The mean age at the first abnormal urinalysis was $10.6{\pm}2.2$ years in the nephrotic proteinuria group and $9.6{\pm}3.2$ years in the non-nephrotic proteinuria group. The mean age at the time of kidney biopsy was $11.3{\pm}2.3$ years in the nephrotic range proteinuria group and $10.4{\pm}3.2$ years in the non-nephrotic proteinuria group respectively. There was no significant difference in the mean age and sex between the two groups. In the nephrotic proteinuria group, 6 children had a low plasma C3 level and in the non-nephrotic proteinuria group, 8 children had a low plasma C3 level, but there was no significant difference between the 2 groups. There was no significant difference in the laboratory test results(including WBC count, RBC count, platelet count and other serologic tests) between the 2 groups except for 24 hour urine protein secretion. There was no difference between the 2 groups with regard to the acute and chronic changes in the glomerulus on light microscopic findings, IgG, IgA, Ig M, C1q, C3, C4, fibrogen deposition on immunofluoroscence findings, and mesangial deposits, subendothelial deposits, and subepithelial deposits on electron microscopic findings. The children were treated with corticosteroids, ACE(angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors, dipyridamole and other immunosuppressive agents. During the course of treatment, there were no children whose clinical condition worsened. Among 19 children, 3 children went into remission(2 in the nephrotic proteinuria group, 1 in the non-nephrotic proteinuria group) and 9 children went into a partial remission(4 in the nephrotic proteinuria group, 5 in the non-nephrotic proteinuria group) on urinalysis. There was no significant difference in the treatment results between the two groups. Conclusion : The 73.7% of children who were incidentally diagnosed with MPGN by the school urine screening program had reduced C3. 42.1% of the children had nephrotic range proteinuria. There were no significant differences in clinical features, laboratory test results, light microscopic, immunofluorescence microscopic, and electron microscopic findings between the nephrotic proteinuria group and the non-nephrotic proteinuria group except for the 24 hour urine protein secretion. Therefore, for early detection of MPGN during the school urine screening program, we strongly recommend a kidney biopsy if children have abnormal urine findings such as persistent proteinuria and persistent hematuria, or if the serum C3 is reduced.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

본 연구는 미시적 교통류 시뮬레이션 모형을 이용하여 양방향 좌회전차로의 설치기준과 관련된 두 개의 주요한 파라미터를 분석하고 평가하는데 초점을 맞추고 있다. 첫째는 통상적으로 평균 일교통량(ADT)에 기반을 두고 산정되지만 최근 우리나라 도로교통량의 시간변화 특성을 반영한 설계시간 교통량(DHV)의 범위에 대한 분석이며, 다른 하나는 양방향 좌회전차로 내의 구간으로써 양방향 좌회전 수요가 공간점유를 위해 서로 경쟁하면서 상충이 유발되는 부분인 접근로 간격에 관한 것이다. 이에 더해 VISSIM S/W에 VISVAP과 같은 추가 기능 프로그램을 사용하여 TWLTL의 작동을 구현하는 구체적 방법과 절차에 대해 선행 연구들과는 달리 충실히 설명하고자 하였다. 10개의 교통량 수준 시나리오로 수행한 모의실험 결과에 따르면 통과 교통량이 많을수록 좌회전 차량이 경험하는 지체는 예상대로 견조히 증가하였다. 시나리오 대부분에 대한 지체 값이 비신호교차로 서비스수준을 기준으로 LOS C와 D의 범위에 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 교통량 수준 7(중방향으로 3차로 시설 경우 1,116대/시, 5차로 시설은 1,860대/시)까지 양방향 좌회전 차로가 운영가능하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이 범위의 교통량은 우리나라 2차로 및 4차로도로 교통량의 상당 부분을 포함하는 것으로 향후 양방향 좌회전차로의 도입 가능성을 한 층 높이는 것이라고 판단하고 있다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.481-485
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• 2005

The present study examines the distribution of calcium hydroxide, unhydrated cement grain and porosity at the steel-concrete interface. The formation of calcium hydroxide has been confirmed by microscopic analysis using BSE images containing the ITZ between the steel and concrete. It was found that calcium hydroxide does not form a layer on the steel surface, different from the hypothesis that has been available in investigating the corrosion of steel in concrete, ranging from 5 to $10\%$ within the steel surface. Moreover, the high level of porosity at the ITZ was observed, accounting for $30\%$, which may reduce the buffering capacity of cement hydration products against a local fall in the pH. These findings may imply that the mole of ($Cl^-$) :($OH^-$) in pore solution as chloride threshold level lead to wrong judgement or to a wide range of values.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.642-648
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• 2011

Purpose: The recent advances in microsurgical techniques and their refinement over the past decade have greatly expanded the indications for digital replantations and have enabled us to salvage severed fingers more often. Many studies have reported greater than 80% viability rates in replantation surgery with functional results. However, replantation of multi-level amputations still remain a challenging problem and the decision of whether or not to replant an amputated part is difficult even for an experienced reconstructive surgeon because the ultimate functional result is unpredictable. Methods: Between January of 2002 and May of 2008, we treated 10 multi-level amputated digits of 7 patients. After brachial plexus block, meticulous replantation procedure was performed under microscopic magnification. Postoperatively, hand elevation, heat lamp, drug therapy and hyperbaric oxygen therapy were applied with careful observation of digital circulation. Early rehabilitation protocol was performed for functional improvement. Results: Among the 19 amputated segments of 10 digits, 16 segments survived completely without any complications. Overall survival rate was 84%. Complete necrosis of one finger tip segment and partial necrosis of two distal amputated segments developed and subsequent surgical interventions such as groin flap, local advancement flap and skin graft were performed. The overall result was functionally and aesthetically satisfactory. Conclusion: We experienced successful replantations of multi-level amputated digits. When we encounter a multi-level amputation, the key question is whether or not it is a contraindication to replantation. Despite the demand for skillful microsurgical technique and longer operative time, the authors' results prove it is worth attempting replantations in multi-level amputation because of the superiority in aesthetic and functional results.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2005

Objects: This study is designed to analysis improvement and maintaince of trunk stability targeting patients who need post operative rehabilitation exercise after undergoing opened microscopic laser discectomy(OMLD) due to HNP. Method: Between March 2004 and February 2005 a total sixty patients who underwent OMLD due to $L_4/L_5$, $L_5/S_1$ HNP and who agreed to the experiment were subject for this study. Experimental group consisted of 18 subjects, and they underwent 45 minutes dynamic lumbar stabilization exercise And control group consisted of 18 subjects who conducted conservative physical therapy based on the use of physical modality for 45 minutes except to exercise. Results: Experimental group that was lumbar extensor's isometric peak torque, weight distribution of both leg, trunk muscle balance and Oswestry LBP disability index increased during 12 weeks in a statistically significant manner compared to before exercise (p<.05). When re-test was tried, isometric peak torque (p>.05) and Oswestry LBP disability index(p<.05) maintained 12th week level or improved. Weight distribution rate of both leg and trunk muscle balance maintained the level of 8th week of exercise execution(p<.05). Control group that was lumbar extensor's isometric peak torque, weight distribution rate of both leg and trunk muscle balance aggravated during 12 weeks compared to pre-test(p>.05) But, Oswestry LBP disability index increased in a statistically significant level compared to pre-test(p<.05). When re-test was tried, isometric peak torque increased slightly compared to pre-test, but decreased when at least $60^{\circ}$ flexion angle(p>.05). Weight distribution rate of both leg and trunk muscle balance also aggravated compared to pre-test(p>.05), and Oswestry LBP disability index was similar to the 4th week of physical therapy execution(p>.05). Conclusion: Successive postoperative Especially, Application of dynamic lumbar stabilization exercise program is important than traditional lumbar strengthening exercise program in the maintaince of spinal stability.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1059-1071
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• 1996

This study was performed to investigate the effect of dietary protein level on renal senescence. Male rats of 337.8$\pm$5.7g body weight were underlateral nephrectomy or shamoperation. The rats were divided into high protein(40% casein), normal protein(15% casein) and low protein(8% casein)diets and fed experimental diets ad libitum for 24 weeks. The results are summarized as follows. There was a hypertophy of the remnant kidney of uninephrectomized rats of 40% or 15% protein group, coming up to the comparable weights of both kidneys of sham-operated rats. However, the hypertrophic effect was not seen in uninephrectomized rats of 8% protein group. Serum albumin was lower in uninephrectomized rats. With increasing dietary protein level blood urea nitrogen was increased, whereas, urinary urea nitrogen excretion was decreased. Urinary solute excretion was higher in uninephrectomized group than in sham-operated group. However, effect of dietary protein level on urinary solute excretion varied dpending on th solutes tested. GFR and urinary protein excretion, throughout experiment, increased with feeding period and with dietary protein level. Proteinuria was most severe in uninephrectomized rats fed 40% casein diet. Maximum urine concentration ability measured after dehydration was not different among the experimental groups. Light microscopic examination showed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and mild increas of glomerular mesangial matrix in uninephrectomized rats fed 40% and 15% protein diet, however, which was not observed in uninephrectomized rats fed 8% protein diet and in sham-operated rats fed 40% diet. Immunofluorescence studies revealed segmental deposits of albumin in the mesangium and capillary loops in high protein and uninephrectomized groups. Minimal granular deposition of IgG was noted in the mesangium of all experimental groups. In conclusion, high protein intake accelerated deterioration of renal function and it was correlated with morphological change. Low protein intake was effective in preventing these changes.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.295-300
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• 2008

Spirulina is a microscopic and filamentous cyanobacterium that contains essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, vitamins, minerals and anti-oxidative components. The purpose of this study was to examine effects of spirulina intervention in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes. The subjects were 37 type 2 diabetic patients who visited a diabetic clinic in Seoul and randomly assigned into spirulina (8 g/day) or control group. During the intervention period of 12 weeks, subjects were asked to keep usual diet and prohibited to take any functional foods or dietary supplements. Spirulina supplementation for 12 weeks did not affect anthropometric parameters, however, lowered plasma triglycerides level significantly (p<0.05). Spirulina supplementation also resulted in a significant reduction in plasma malondialdehyde level (p<0.05) and an increase in plasma adiponectin level (p<0.1). The lipid lowering effect of spirulina supplementation was different according to serum lipid levels of the subjects before entering the intervention. The subjects with higher initial triglyceride level showed higher reduction in plasma triglyceride and blood pressure. The subjects with higher initial total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol level showed higher reduction in plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, IL-6, and blood pressure. It seems that spirulina supplementation is more effective in subjects with dyslipidemia. This study provides the evidence for beneficial effects of spirulina supplementation on blood lipid profiles, inflammatory variables, and antioxidant capacity in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes. The results suggest that spirulina is a promising agent as a functional food for diabetes management.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.94-103
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• 2015

This study analyzes the influence factors on elderly pedestrian accident. Elderly people are easy to be badly injured by car accidents compared to younger people. Therefore, various plans and measures are required to protect elderly pedestrian from accidents. However, pedestrian accidents studies only focused on microscopic factors such as attribute of driver, pedestrian, road design. In order to prevent pedestrian accident and reduce the severity of the accident, not only microscopic factors but macroscopic variables such as urban planning and facility should be considered. In this regard, this study develops an ordered probit model introduced the characteristics of urban facility which were not considered in the previous studies. The result shows that there is higher level of accident severity in such areas as large commercial area, well-developed area with transportation infrastructure service and non-pedestrian safety zone. Thus, various and appropriate countermeasures should be prepared in order that pedestrian accident can be prevented in the areas mentioned above. In addition to the aforementioned variables, it is revealed that other variables including vehicle speed, gender and age of pedestrian, weather condition, type of vehicle, etc. partly affect the severity of pedestrian accident.