• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.61-73
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• 2023

Objectives: Prophylactic vaccines against high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) hold promise to prevent the development of higher grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2+) and cervical cancer (CC) that develop due to HR-HPV genotypes that are included in HPV vaccines, but women will continue to develop CIN 2+ and CC due to HR-HPV genotypes that are not included in the quadrivalent HPV vaccine (qHPV) and 9-valent HPV vaccine (9VHPV). Thus, the current vaccines are likely to decrease but not entirely prevent the development of CIN 2+ or CC. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence and determinants of CIN 2+ that develop due to HR-HPVs not included in vaccines. Methods: Study population consisted of 1476 women tested for 37 HPVs and known to be negative for qHPVs (6/11/16/18, group A, n = 811) or 9VHPVs (6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58, group B, n = 331), but positive for other HR-HPVs. Regression models were used to determine the association between plasma concentrations of micronutrients, socio-demographic, lifestyle factors and risk of CIN 2+ due to HR-HPVs that are not included in vaccines. Results: The prevalence of infections with HPV 31, 33, 35 and 58 that contributed to CIN 2+ differed by race. In group A, African American (AA) women and current smokers were more likely to have CIN 2 (OR = 1.76, P = 0.032 and 1.79, P = 0.016, respectively) while in both groups of A and B, those with higher vitamin B12 were less likely to have similar lesions (OR = 0.62, P = 0.036 and 0.45, P = 0.035, respectively). Conclusions: We identified vitamin B12 status and smoking as independent modifiable factors and ethnicity as a factor that needs attention to reduce the risk of developing CIN 2+ in the post vaccination era. Continuation of tailored screening programs combined with non-vaccine-based approaches are needed to manage the residual risk of developing HPV-related CIN 2+ and CC in vaccinated women.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.82-88
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• 2013

Cancer is the first leading cause of death in Korea and the second leading cause of death in the USA. There is extensive research into prevention of cancer and the support of oncology patients with diet or dietary supplements. In vitro and in vivo animal studies have indicated that antioxidants, including beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol, and ascorbic acid, can yield anti-cancer effects in addition to providing protection against oxidative damage. Although many observational studies have shown that consuming fruits and vegetables can reduce the risk of some cancers, the results of several large-scale human intervention trials testing the benefits of a single or combined higher-dose of individual micronutrients have been inconsistent. Cancer can cause profound metabolic and physiological changes which may affect patients' nutrient requirements. Although the optimal route of nutrient delivery is through diet, cancer patients often suffer symptoms that disrupt their food intake, including anorexia, premature satiety, altered taste and smell, and changes in bowel mobility. In particular, micronutrient deficits can slow postoperative healing, contribute to depression symptoms, and decrease immune competence. Cancer patients are generally motivated to take dietary supplements to improve responses to treatment and quality of life. The Physician's Health Study II (PHS II) randomized controlled trial reported recently that daily multivitamin supplementation significantly, albeit modestly, reduced the risk of total cancer. Although evidence of multivitamin use benefits is limited in cancer patients, taking dietary supplements with constituents in the range of the recommended daily allowance according to the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) recommendation is generally considered to be safe.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2004

Orchardgrass 및 white clover의 단파 및 혼파 재배조건에서 미량요소 Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Mo및 B의 조합시비가 목초의 생육, 개화, 수량, 양분 함량 및 식생구성비율 등에 미치는 영향을 구명하였다. 다량요소 양분을 동일 량 시비한 조건에서 7 수준의 미량요소 조합시비는 $T_1$;대구조, $T_2$; Fe, $T_3$; Fe＋Mn, $T_4$: Fe＋Mn＋Cu, $T_5$; Fe＋Mn＋Cu＋Zn, $T_6$ ; Fe＋Mn＋Cu＋Zn＋Mo 및 $T_7$ ;Fe＋Mn＋Cu＋Zn＋Mo＋B로 하였다. 본 IV보에서는 조합시비가 목초 중 미량요소의 함량에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 1. 미량요소의 함량은 일반적으로 조합시비, 초종(grass-clover), 재배방법(단파-혼파), 예취 회수 및 추비 유무별 차이를 보였다. 단파재배와 비교해서 혼파에서 orchardgrass는 더 낮은 B와 Fe-함량, 더 높은 Mn, Zn-함량을 보였고 white clover는 이의 반대경향을 보였다. 그러나 Cu와 Mo-함량은 차이를 보이지 않았다. 2. 상대적인 함량 비교에서 일반적으로 $T_7$ 7처리로 orchardgrass의 경우 Cu, Zn 및 Mo-함량은 낮아졌고 Mn-함량은 높아졌다. 이에 비해서 white clover의 경우는 Fe, Mn 및 Cu-함량은 높아졌고 그리고 Mo-함량은 낮아졌다. 목초 중 Fe-함량은 $T_3$(Fe＋Mn)에서 Fe과 Mn 간의 길항작용으로 현저히 낮아졌다. 본 시험재배 조건별 Fe-함량의 변화는 white clover가 orchardgrass보다 상대적으로 더 큰 차이를 보였다. Mn-함량은 초종 간 큰 차이를 보였고 두 목초 공히 Mn을 함유한 조합시비로 크게 증가하였지만 이들 조합시비 간에는 차이가 경미하였다. 3. Mo-함량은 모든 경우 $T_6$ 6및 $T_7$ 에서 다소 높은 수준 이였다. $T_7$ 은 $T_6$ 에 비해서 Mo-함량이 다소 낮아졌다. Mo-과다피해는 B/Mo 비율의 조화 또는 B-시비를 통해서 경감되거나 방지할 수 있는 것으로 보였다. 모든 경우 white clover가 orchardgrass보다 B-함량이 높았고 $T_7$ 에서 B-함량이 크게 증가하였다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.864-872
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to provide a descriptive assessment of the nutritional habits of resistance trained males in relation to protein and carbohydrate intakes in comparison with the recommended values. Thirty-four male bodybuilders ($27.0{\pm}2.1years,\;173.5{\pm}5.0cm,\;8.3{\pm}0.61%$ body fat), twenty-four male weight lifters ($20.9{\pm}2.1years,\;171.8{\pm}6.9cm,\;7.6{\pm}0.98%$ body fat) and twenty-five male non-athletes ($26.9{\pm}2.5years,\;175.3{\pm}5.7cm,\;8.5{\pm}0.95%$ body fat) participated in the study. Participants completed a comprehensive survey by twenty-four hour dietary recall methods. All diets were analyzed using the Computer Aided Nutritional (Pro) analyzer by a registered dietician. Body fat was measured using skin fold thickness. The average time spent in resistance training was $18.0{\pm}1.7$ hrs/week for body builders and $14.6{\pm}8.7$ hrs/week for weight lifters. Total daily calories were $2583.6{\pm}874.8kcal\;(31.9{\pm}11.9kcal/kg)$ for bodybuilders, $3565.9{\pm}1281.8kcal\;(42.7{\pm}15.0kcal/kg)$ for weight lifters and $2016.0{\pm}955.3kcal\;(28.1{\pm}13.9kcal/kg)$ for non-athletes (p=0.001). Percent of calories from carbohydrate, protein, and fat 64.2%, 27.1%, and 8.7% for bodybuilders, and 66.3%, 18.6%, and 15.1% for weight lifters. The mean protein intake was $1.9{\pm}1.2g/kg$ of BW for bodybuilders, $1.6{\pm}0.6g/kg$ of BW for male weight lifters and $1.1{\pm}0.69g/kg$ of BW for non-athletes. Although dietary calcium (78.7%) and riboflavin (86.3%) intakes for bodybuilders were below the RDA, dietary intakes of micronutrients were not deficient. More research needs to be conducted to determine the optimal amounts of protein, carbohydrates, fats, and micronutrients for the resistance trained athletes.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.67-71
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• 2010

Output traits centered on improved plant-based products will find their way to consumers in such ways as nutritionally enhanced foods, therapeutic proteins for disease treatment and vaccines, bio-industrial products, modified oil quality and biofuels. Significant progress in biotechnology has occurred over the last several decades. The importance of output traits development and production using biotechnology will impact not only agribusiness, but also pharmaceutical and food industries. The objective of this paper is to review briefly the current status of output traits development in crop plants using nutrients and pharmaceuticals as examples.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.135-139
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• 2001

Experiments were held in Egypt to test a new Package of practices for commercial cocoon production, including adding secondary macro and micronutrients to the mulberry garden, disease free rearing regime, low temperature rearing in young instars and natural mounting fur silkworms. This package for seed silkworm rearing lead to increase in fecundity by 67-121eggs (15.12-26.22%) and yield of standard boxes per 1 parent egg boxes by 57-58 egg boxes(48.33-51.66%) respectively in comparison th the traditional cocoon production technology.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.48-53
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• 2005

Finger millet straw and rice straw are the major source of dry roughage in southern India. They distinctly vary in their morphological and nutritional characters. Hence an effort was made to study the nutrient utilization, milk yield and composition in crossbred dairy cows fed either finger millet (group 1) or rice straw (group 2) as a source of dry roughage. The cows in both the groups were fed as per requirement with concentrate, green fodder and straw in the ratio of 30:45:25 parts (DM). At the end of 50 days of preliminary feeding a digestibility trial was conducted for 7 days and pooled samples of feed, fodder, feces, urine and milk were analysed for macro and micro nutrient content. Finger millet straw contained more CP, Ca, P, Mg, Cu, Zn and Co than rice straw and rice straw contained higher ADF, ash and silica. The intake of DM, CP, EE, NDF, ADF and most micronutrients (Ca, P, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn and Co) was significantly higher in cows fed finger millet straw. The digestibility of DM, CP, NDF and ADF was significantly higher in cows fed finger millet straw and the gut absorption of Ca, Cu, Mn and Co was significantly higher in cows fed finger millet straw. The dietary requirement of all micronutrients in both the group of cows could be met irrespective of the type of roughage fed except that of Ca, which was low (0.61 and 0.40%) in rice straw fed cows. The average daily milk yield (L/cow) was also higher (7.0 L) in cows fed finger millet straw as compared to cows fed rice straw (6.3 L). The average milk composition also did not differ except that of milk fat which was significantly (4.7 and 4.5%) low in cows fed rice straw. The overall results of this study have indicated that finger millet straw is a better source of dry fodder than rice straw and while feeding rice straw as the sole roughage to dairy cows there is need to supplement additional calcium as this could be one of the limiting nutrients for milk production.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권7호
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• pp.692-698
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• 2006

The voluntary addition of vitamins and minerals to the appropriate foods may help reduce the risks associated with low intakes of these micronutrients, yet the potential of excessive intake, particularly for persons consuming very large amount of foods needs to be addressed. Using the Flynn's model to estimate the level of each vitamins and minerals that can be added safely to foods, maximum levels of fortification to conventional foods per 100 kcal portion were estimated. Critical factors in the Flynn's model included tolerable upper intake level (UL), each micronutrient intake at the $95^{th}$ percentile, the proportion of fortified foods in the diets of individuals, the proportion of foods to which micronutrients could be practically added, and a range of estimates for fractions of foods which might be actually fortified in each nutrient. Food vehicles included all foods except for fresh foods and alcoholic beverages, in general. With fortification of 50% of all potentially fortifiable foods, micrornutrients could be added safely to foods at levels per 100 kcal 1) > 100% Recommended Intake (RI) for vitamin $B_12$, 2) 1,200% RI for vitamin $B_1$ and niacin, 3) 1,000% $B_1$ for vitamins $B_2$ and $B_6$, 4) 400% RI for vitamin E, 5) 30% RI for calcium, 6) 20% RI for folic acid, iron and zinc, 7) 10% RI for manganese, 8) no fortification for magnesium, phosphorous and vitamin A, and 8) further consideration of vitamin D, copper and selenium due to insufficient evidence. Results of this study suggests a wide range of vitamins and minerals that can be added safely to foods in current diets of Koreans.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.144-144
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• 2017

Micronutrients such as zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) have important roles for development and growth in plants but it also have roles in animals and humans. In previous studies, a Korean weedy rice, KH2J was selected to have tolerance to heavy metal, lead (Pb) compared with a cultivar, Milyang23. To identify QTLs for micronutrients concentration in grain, an F2 population (120 plants) were developed from a cross between KH2J and an indica rice cultivar, Milyang23. To measure the concentration of eight ions, Zn, Fe, Mn, Pb, calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As), grains were collected and digested with 65% nitric acid, and the ion contents were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. A total 27 putative quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected on 12 chromosomes by single point analysis and 22 putative QTLs were detected by composite interval mapping. The co-locations of QTL for Zn, Fe and Mn were observed on chromosome 5. The QTLs for Cd, Cu and Zn were co-localized on chromosome 10, and QTLs for Zn, As and Mn was on chromosome 12. The Zn concentration in F2 generation showed significant correlation with concentrations of As (r = -0.4), Cu (r = 0.5) and Fe (r = 0.2) (P < 0.01). Also, the Ca concentration was significantly related with Mn and Fe concentrations (P < 0.01). Fine mapping of these QTLs is underway to analyze their functional relationship.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.12-17
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status of elderly women living in residential homes by estimating nutrients and food intakes. Food consumption survey was conducted by 3-day 24hr recall method with 99 elderly women aged 65 to 90 years from three residential homes in Seoul, Choonchun and Chunan and 46 free-living elderly women aged 65 to 88 years from Chunan as control group. Food intake data was converted into nutrient intake using computer aided nutritional analysis program. Mean energy intake and percentage of recommended daily allowance (RDA) of residential home residents were 1696㎉ and 101% of RDA while those of control were estimated as 1939㎉ and 119% of RDA. On average, absolute amount of nutrient intakes of residential home residents were slightly higher than control group. Subjects in control group showed significantly lower carbohydrate and vitamin A intake, while vitamin C intake was higher. However, nutrient intake quality determined by INQ (Index of nutritional quality) was significantly higher among control subjects in most nutrients except vitamin A than residential home residents. Intakes of calcium, vitamin A and riboflavin of all subjects in this study were less than 75% RDA meaning that nutritional status of calcium, vitamin A and riboflavin was insufficient and could possibly result in nutritional deficient. Some food groups such as milk or other dairy products must be strongly suggested to improve nutritional status of elderly women in this study. According to the results of this study, meal plans of residential homes are quite adequate in quantity of micronutrients, but need to be improved in both quantity and quality of micronutrients.