• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.20-26
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• 2016

DTPA (Diethelene-triamine pentaacetic acid) extractable micronutrients of surface soil samples from six different locations of Cox's Bazar and Chittagong districts were studied. All the soils under study were sufficient in DTPA extractable Fe, Mn and Cu contents. The available Zn contents in soils of Dulhazara, Chengchhari and Faissakhali under study were also above the critical limit while soils at Fulchhari, Hasnabad and CU were deficient in available Zn. The study also showed that DTPA extractable Fe content had the significant and positive relationships with clay and soil organic carbon. On the hand, negative and significant relationship was observed between extractable Mn and soil pH while DTPA extractable Zn and Cu were positively and significantly correlated with soil organic carbon of the studied area.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.50-58
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• 2020

The study was conducted for quantitive determination of macronutrients, micronutrients and heavy metals present in Spilanthes acmella Hutch and Dalz, a traditionally used important medicinal plant. The results illustrated the presence of substantial amounts of essential nutrient elements in different parts of the plant. K and Mg were detected in the range between 36.35 ± 1.01 to 67.78 ± 1.33 g/kg and 2.17 ± 0.13 to 7.02 ± 0.84 g/kg of DWS respectively. While the essential micronutrients Fe, Na, Mn, Zn and Cu were detected in the range between 62.62 ± 12.72 to 856.95 ± 76.61 mg/kg, 365.47 ± 23.84 to 633.03 ± 38.12 mg/kg, 51.66 ± 7.77 to 186.33 ± 13.92 mg/kg, 41.87 ± 2.85 to 53.89 ± 3.79 mg/kg and 18.49 ± 2.07 to 48.71 ± 4.89 mg/kg of DWS respectively. Besides, heavy metals (Cd, Ni and Pb) detected in some of the plant samples were beyond the maximum permissible limit (MPL) of FAO/WHO for herbal medicines. The concentrations of the essential nutrient elements except zinc were significantly different in different parts of the plant (p < 0.001). Further variation in the concentrations of the elements in the plant was observed with respect to seasonal changes and geographical conditions. Nevertheless the findings corroborate ethnomedicinal significance of the plant and signify the possibilibity of utilizing its standardized products for preparation of food supplements as well as multidimensional therapeutic herbal medicines.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2000

Populations both in the US and worldwide are aging. It is projected that by the year 2030 the population of Americans over 65 will increase to 70 million, more than twice their number in 1998. About one-third of elderly over the age of 65 have debilitating chronic health conditions that greatly impede their activities. Age-associated chronic diseases are believed to be associated with free radicals and the imbalance in antioxidant and oxidative stress contributes to development of several chronic health conditions. Diet and nutrients can have great impact in the health status of elderly. Several factors may contributor to the inadequate consumption of nutrients in elderly, including an inability to chew food adequately, polypharmacy, living along and limited income. Low intake of energy and several micronutrients are common among the elderly. Although overt deficiency of nutrients among the elderly is not common. a recent study showed that while elderly consume more fat, the total energy intake is low among the elderly. Inadequate intake of antioxidant nutrients such as vitamin E in elderly may contribute to the development of chronic health problems. Intake of higher than normal RDA levels of vitamin E for long periods of time has been shown to reduce the risk of many degenerative diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases(CVD) and cancer, and improve immune response in elderly. High intake of other antioxidants is also associated with reduced risk chronic diseases. Dietary antioxidants are abundant in fruits and vegetables. However, due to variety of factors, the elderly may not be able to receive these and other micronutrients through diet. Therefore, supplemental intake of micronutrients in the form of multi vitamins/minerals and/or specific micronutrients is a more practical approach to the maintenance of health status in the elderly.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.171-180
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• 2019

Purpose: Malnutrition may influence neurocognitive development in children by directly affecting the brain structural development, or indirectly by affecting the children's cognition experience. Malnutrition alters the cell numbers, cell migration, synaptogenesis, and neurotransmission due to inadequate availability of necessary micronutrients to support cell growth. We aimed to analyze neurocognitive development in infants with malnutrition and its association with long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), micronutrients levels and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) findings. Methods: The study included two groups; group 1, infants with malnutrition (n=24), group 2; healthy infants (n=21). Peripheral blood was obtained from the participants for studying micronutrients and LC-PUFA levels. The neurocognitive development was analyzed by the use of an Ankara Developmental Screening Inventory test. MRS were performed on all infants. Results: All parameters of neurocognitive development and serum calcium ($9.6{\pm}0.9mg/dL$ vs. $10.4{\pm}0.3mg/dL$, p<0.05) and magnesium ($2.02{\pm}0.27mg/dL$ vs. $2.2{\pm}0.14mg/dL$, p<0.05) levels were noted as being low in infants with marked malnutrition. No difference was found in LC-PUFA levels between healthy and malnourished infants. Thalamic choline/creatine levels were significantly high in infants with malnutrition ($1.33{\pm}0.22$ vs. $1.18{\pm}0.22$, p<0.05). Total neurocognitive development in infants was positively correlated with serum calcium levels (p<0.05, r=0.381). Conclusion: Calcium supplementation may improve neurocognitive development in malnourished infants.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.632-642
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• 2019

The concentrations of functional compounds and micronutrients of chicken breast from native chickens were compared with those from broiler. Totally 200 male chicks from a commercial native chicken (HH) and three newly bred native chicken strains (2A, 2C, and 2D) were reared for about 2 kg of final live weight up to 12 wk. After slaughtered, antioxidant dipeptides, reducing sugar, free amino acids, vitamins, and minerals of the breast muscles were analyzed with those from broilers with similar live weight. Mostly native chicken strains had higher contents of carnosine, anserine, and reducing sugar than the broiler. Especially HH implied the highest values of carnosine and anserine, and 2C did the highest of reducing sugar (p<0.05). Vitamin A contents between native chickens and broiler were not significantly different (p>0.05). The contents of ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ were significantly higher in 2C than those of HH or broiler (p<0.05). Native chicken strains contained lower cholesterol levels than the broiler. Broiler had higher contents of P, Mg, and Na than native chickens (p<0.05), but it had lower content of Cu than HH or 2A. The savory free amino acids including glutamic acid was highest in 2A than the other native chickens and broiler (p<0.05). This study confirms that certain new strains of native chickens be a good source in terms of functional compounds and micronutrients which can be attractive health promoting nutritional quality factors.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.50-59
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• 2006

This study was initiated to investigate soil chemical properties under different soil systems. Data such as soil acidity(pH), electrical conductivity(EC), organic matter content(OMC), and cation exchange capacity(CEC) were analyzed with samples from multi-layer, USGA, and mono-layer systems. N, P, K and micronutrients were also measured. Multi-layer system was built up to 60-cm depth with rootzone layer, intermediate layer and two drainage layers. USGA system 45 centimeters deep was constructed with rootzone layer, intermediate layer and drainage layer. Mono-layer system, however, was made only with a 30-cm rootzone layer. Differences were observed in soil pH, EC, OMC, CEC and micronutrients. Soil pH was acceptable for turfgrass growth a year after establishment, being 5.5 to 6.5 in the study. Differences were greatly observed for EC among soil systems. Values of EC for multi-layer, USGA, and mono-layer systems were 39.79, 31.26 and 103.54 uS/em, respectively. The increase rate was approximately 4 to 8 times greater with mono-layer system than those with other two systems. Therefore, it was necessary to avoid micronutrient deficiency such as Fe, Mn etc. through an effective management program in mono-layer system because of its faster potential feasibility of salt accumulation. The greatest OMC was associated with USGA system, being 0.97% which was 11% over that of the other systems. Slight differences were observed for CEC among them. Mono-layer system produced 1.45 me/100g, 10.3% and 8.9% lower in CEC than those of multi-layer and USGA system, respectively. Micronutrients such as Fe, Zn, and Mn etc. were below the level required for turf growth, regardless of soil systems. It was considered that one year after turf establishment was not enough to build up micronutrients in sand-based soil systems to the normal level for a turf growth. These results demonstrate that intensive management program including grow-in concept fertilization should be integrated into sand-based soil systems, even after a year in establishment. Regular nutrient monitoring by soil analyses is a strong necessity to decide the kinds and amount of fertilizer. Also, strategic management program must be selectively employed according to sports turf soil systems.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.230-236
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• 2006

가축분과 톱밥을 주원료로 하고 기타 농산부산물과 무기 자재로 제조된 퇴비의 미량원소 함량을 조사하고 이러한 퇴비의 처리가 토양의 미량원소 함량과 작물의 미량원소 흡수 이용에 미치는 영향을 상추 재배를 통하여 조사하였다. 시중에 유통되고 있는 5종의 퇴비를 구입하여 실험에 사용하였으며, 미량원소는 총 함량과 가용성 함량으로 분석하였다. 미량원소 함량이 낮은 토양에 퇴비 1종을 1,000 및 $2,000kg\;10a^{-1}$ 수준으로 처리하고 포트 시험으로 온실에서 상추를 재배하였으며, 생육과 식물체중의 미량원소 함량을 조사하였다. 퇴비중의 미량원소 함량은 원료물질이 다른 만큼 퇴비의 종류별로 총 함량과 가용성 함량 모두 다양하였다. 미량원소 총 함량은 B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Zn이 각각 26-42, 27-160, 4,300-9,500, 290-790, 0-0.5, $140-420mg\;kg^{-1}$ 범위로 나타났다. 퇴비중의 0.1 N HCl 가용성 B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn 은 각각 총 함량의 23-32, 1.3-2.6, <1, 7-32, 0.5-5% 수준이었으며 DTPA 가용성 함량은 0.1 N HCl 가용성 함량보다 높았다. 퇴비를 $2,000kg\;10a^{-1}$ 수준으로 처리한 경우 퇴비를 처리하지 않은 대조구에 비하여 통계적으로 유의성 있게 생육이 증가하였으며, 대조구에 비하여 퇴비 처리구 모두에서 상추 잎 중의 B, Cu, Mo, Zn 함량이 높게 나타났다. 그러나 퇴비 처리가 Fe와 Mn의 흡수는 증가시키지 못하였다. 퇴비 $2,000kg\;10a^{-1}$ 수준의 처리를 통하여 토양에 공급되는 0.1 N HCl 가용성 미량원소의 양은 상추 생육에 필요한 양보다 많았으며, 이러한 결과로부터 적절한 수준의 퇴비 시용을 통하여 작물이 필요로 하는 미량원소를 원활히 공급할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 퇴비 시용량이 비교적 많은 비닐하우스 농가에서 사용되고 있는 미량원소 비료의 시용 효과는 미량원소 흡수에 미치는 토양 환경이나 작물 요인을 고려하여 면밀히 검토되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.214-223
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• 2006

집약적으로 재배하는 시설작물의 품질과 생산성을 향상시키기 위해서는 적절한 미량원소의 관리가 필요하며, 따라서 시설재배지 토양중의 미량원소의 유효도에 대한 평가가 우선적으로 이루어져야한다. 본 연구에서는 영남지역 주요 시설재배지 토양중의 미량원소 함량을 조사하였다. 딸기 재배지 96개소, 고추재배지 66개소, 토마토 재배지 74개소, 참외 재배지 97개소, 오이 재배지 63개소 등 총 396개소의 비닐하우스 토양 시료를 채취하였고, B, Cu, Zn, Fe 및 Mn에 대하여 총 함량과 가용성 함량을 조사하였다. 가용성 함량의 경우 B는 열수로 추출하였으며 Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn은 0.1 N HCl로 추출하였다. 비닐하우스 토양중 B, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn의 총 함량 평균값은 각각 25, 32, 74, 21,316, $420mg\;kg^{-1}$으로 조사되었다. 이들 값은 비닐하우스 주변 노지 토양중의 총 함량과 크게 다르지 않았다. 조사지역별 그리고 재배작물별로 비교하변 비닐하우스 토양중의 각 미량원소들의 총 함량은 매우 다양하게 나타났다. 가용성 B, Cu, Zn의 함량은 전체 조사 토양에 대한 평균값으로 각각 2.1, 7.5, $35mg\;kg^{-1}$으로 나타났으며, 주변 노지 경작토양에 비하여 대부분 그 함량이 높았다. 가용성 Fe와 Mn의 경우에는 전체 평균값이 각각 156 및 $146mg\;kg^{-1}$이었으며, 가용성 Fe의 함량은 주변 노지 경작토양에 비하여 그 함량이 낮았다. 조사된 시설재배 토양중의 가용성 Zn, Fe, Mn의 함량은 모든 지역에서 대부분 일반작물 재배에 적정한 수준 또는 그 이상의 과잉 수준인 것으로 나타났다. Cu의 경우 딸기, 토마토 및 오이 재배지에서는 가용성 함량이 대부분의 조사 토양에서 적정수준 이상인 것으로 나타났으며, 고추와 오이 재배지에서는 조사토양의 약 30%에서 적정함량에 미달하는 것으로 나타났다. B의 경우 딸기, 고추, 참외 재배지에서 가용성 함량이 적정수준에 미달하는 토양이 많았으며, 전체적으로 가용성 B의 함량이 과잉 수준인 토양은 다른 원소의 경우에 비하여 상대적으로 적은 것으로 조사되었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2004

Orcharduass 및 white clover의 단파 및 혼파재배조건에서 미량요소 Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Mo 및 B의 조합시비가 목초의 생육, 개화, 수양, 양분함량 및 식생구성비율 등에 미치는 영향을 구명하였다. 다양요소 양분을 동일량 시비한 조건에서 7 수준의 미량요소 조합시비는 $T_1$; 대조구, $T_2$; Fe, $T_3$: Fe+Mn, $T_4$; Fe+Mn+Cu, $T_5$ ; Fe+Mn+Cu+Zn, $T_6$ : Fe+Mn+Cu+Zn+Mo 및 $T_7$ ; Fe + Mn +Cu+Zn+Mo + B로 하였다. 본 V보에서는 조합시비가 목초 중 미량요소의 충 함량, 상대함량, 탈취량 및 상호비율의 변화 등에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 1) Fe과 Mn-상대함량(총 미량요소 함량=100% 대비)은 이들간의 길항적인 흡수생리와 초종간 he-흡수경합의 차이에 크게 영향을 받았다. orcharduass는 단파에 비해서 혼파재배에서 Mn-상대함량이 더 높았고 B와 Fe-상대함량은 더 낮았으나 white clover는 이와 반대의 경향을 보였다. $T_6$ 6/ 처리에서는 일반적으로 Fe-상대함량의 감소를 보였다. 에서 orchardgrass는 B와 Mn-상대함량의 증가와 Cu와 Zn-상대함량의 감소를 보였으나 white clover는 Mo-상대함량의 감소만 보였다. 2) 미량요소의 탈취량은 일반적으로 수양의 증감에 따른 특성과는 차이를 보였다. 각 미량요소의 탈취량과 미량요소 간 상대함량(당량기준)은 초종， 단파/혼파재배, 추비 및 일부 길항작용의 특성에 따라서 차이를 보였다. 총 미량요소의 탈취량은 일반적으로 증가되는 조합시비 처리에 따라서 증가하였다. Mn을 시비한 조합시비에서는 수양의 면화보다 Fe-탈취량이 상대적으로 더 낮았고 Mn-탈취량은 더 높았다. $T_7$ 처리로 Mn과 B-탈취량은 증가하였고 Mo-탈취량은 감소되었다. 3) Fe/Mn， Fe/Cu와 Mn/Cu 비율은 길항적인 Fe과 Mn 간의 흡수경합에 따라서 크게 영향을 받았다. $T_6$ 처리에 의해서 Fe/Mo 비율은 크게 낮아졌고 이 비율은 $T_7$ 처리로 Mo 함량의 감소와 더불어 다소 높아졌다. B/Mo 비율은 orchardgrass보다 특히 white clover에서 높았고 $T_6$ 에서의 생육불량/황화현상이 $T_7$ 처리에서 양호해진 것은 높아진 B/Mo 비율과도 연관된 것으로 보였다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.387-397
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• 2003

During the first half of twentieth century, even though the importance of non-calorie essential micronutrients of 13 vitamins and 17 minerals has been known to alleviate nutritional disorder; the primary objective of agriculture and plant breeding programs has been to increase the productivity and seed yields, and macronutrients of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates made up the bulk of foodstuff which were used primarily as an energy source. In the last decade it has been found that non-essential micronutrients encompass a vast group of phytochemicals including antioxidants that are not strictly required in the diet but when present at sufficient levels work as health-promoting chemicals. Nowadays agricultural crops are grown for health rather than for food or fiber, and modifying the nutritional compositions of plant foods has become an urgent health issue. To ensure an adequate intake of essential vitamins and minerals, and to increase the consumption of health-promoting phytochemicals, the researches on plant secondary metabolism have been made. The attempt to improve nutritional quality of crops has been blocked by a lack of basic knowledge of plant metabolism. The advent of genomics era enabled new approaches to make crossing regardless of species, family, or phylum barriers, and the accumulation in our basic knowledge on plant secondary metabolism during the coming decade would be tremendous. As the major staple crops contain insufficient amount of many micronutrients, fortification strategy will be a necessary practice. Elevated intake of specific vitamins, C, E, and $\beta$-carotene, mineral selenium, antioxidants, and phytochemicals significantly reduces the risk of chronic disease such as cancer, cardiovascular disorder, diabetis, and other degenerative disease associated with aging. As the attempt to improve the nutritional quality of crops requires the basic knowledges on plant metabolism, plant biochemistry, human physiology, and food chemistry, strong interdisplinary collaboration among plant biotechnologists, human nutritionists, and food scientists will be needed. Inhibition of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other degenerative disorder may be the biggest goal facing nutritional plant breeders. But the assumption that simply increasing dietary level of any compound will necessarily improve human health is a dangerous idea because many plant secondary products and dietary contaminants have paradoxical (hermetic) effects. Before biotechnical manipulation is undertaken to elevate or reduce any individual constituent of crops, the contribution of the micronutrient to human health must first be investigated.