• Title/Summary/Keyword: Micronuclei

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CHANGES IN BODY AND ORGAN WEIGHTS, HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS, AND FREQUENCY OF MICRONUCLEI IN THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD ERYTHROCYTES OF ICR MICE EXPOSED TO LOW-DOSE-RATE $\gamma$-RADIATION

  • Kang, Yu-Mi;Shin, Suk-Chul;Jin, Young-Woo;Kim, Hee-Sun
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • v.34 no.3
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    • pp.102-106
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    • 2009
  • We exposed ICR mice to low-dose (0.2 Gy) and low-dose-rate (0.7 mGy/h) $\gamma$-radiation ($^{137}Cs$) in the Low-dose-rate Irradiation Facility at the Radiation Health Research Institute to evaluate systemic effects of low-dose radiation. We compared the body and organ weights, number of blood cells (white and red blood cells and platelets), levels of biochemical markers in serum, and frequency of micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes between low-dose irradiated and non-irradiated control mice. The ICR mice irradiated with total doses of 0.2 and 2 Gy showed no changes in body and organ weights, number of blood cells (white and red blood cells), or frequency of micronuclei in the polychromatic erythrocytes of peripheral blood. However, the number of platelets (P = 0.002) and the liver weight (P < 0.01) were significantly increased in mice exposed to 0.2 and 2 Gy, respectively. These results suggest that a low-dose-rate of 0.7 mGy/h does not induce systemic damage. This dose promotes hematopoiesis in the bone marrow microenvironment and the proliferation of liver cells. In the future, the molecular biological effects of lower doses and dose rates need to be evaluated.

Radioprotective effect of mefenamic acid against radiation-induced genotoxicity in human lymphocytes

  • Hosseinimehr, Seyed Jalal;Nobakht, Reyhaneh;Ghasemi, Arash;Pourfallah, Tayyeb Allahverdi
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.256-260
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    • 2015
  • Purpose: Mefenamic acid (MEF) as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug is used as a medication for relieving of pain and inflammation. Radiation-induced inflammation process is involved in DNA damage and cell death. In this study, the radioprotective effect of MEF was investigated against genotoxicity induced by ionizing radiation in human blood lymphocytes. Materials and Methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected from human volunteers and incubated with MEF at different concentrations (5, 10, 50, or $100{\mu}M$) for two hours. The whole blood was exposed to ionizing radiation at a dose 1.5 Gy. Lymphocytes were cultured with mitogenic stimulation to determine the micronuclei in cytokinesis blocked binucleated lymphocyte. Results: A significant decreasing in the frequency of micronuclei was observed in human lymphocytes irradiated with MEF as compared to irradiated lymphocytes without MEF. The maximum decreasing in frequency of micronuclei was observed at $100{\mu}M$ of MEF (38% decrease), providing maximal protection against ionizing radiation. Conclusion: The radioprotective effect of MEF is probably related to anti-inflammatory property of MEF on human lymphocytes.

Use of Frequencies of Micronuclei as Biological Dosimetry in Korean Native Cattle and Goat Lymphocytes after Irradiation in vitro (한우 및 한국재래산양 유래 말초혈액 림프구의 미소핵을 이용한 방사선 피폭의 생물학적 선량측정)

  • 류시윤;김민주;김호준;조성환;김태환;정규식;이해준;김성호
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.290-294
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    • 2002
  • The frequencies of gamma-ray-induced micronuclei (MN) in cytokinesis-blocked (CB) lymphocytes at several doses were measured in three donors of Korean native cattle and Korean native goat. Measurements performed after irradiation showed a dose-related increases in MN frequency in each of the donors studied. When analysed by linear-quadratic model the line of best fit was cattle : y : 0.1016D +$0.0118D^2$+0.0147, goat : y = 0.1353D +$0.0043D^2$+0.0087 (y : number of MN/CB cells and D = irradiation dose in Gy). The relative sensitivity of goat lymphocytes compared with cattle lymphocytes was estimated by best fitting linear-quadratic model based on the radiation-induced MN data over the range from 0 Gy to 4 Gy. In the case of MN frequency with 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8, the relative sensitivities of goat lymphocytes were 1.106. 1.166. 1.140, 1.069 and 0.976 respectively. Our in vitro radiobiological study confirmed that the cytogenetic response obtained in blood from cattle and goat can be utilized for application in environmental studies.

Genetic Toxicity Studies of YH1226, a Cephalosporin Antibiotic (세파계 항생제, YH1226의 유전독성 평가)

  • 허광원;오혜영;박장환;허옥순;순수정;한의식;김명희;강희일
    • Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.89-92
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    • 1998
  • The results of chromosome aberration test in mammalian cells in culture (Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells) showed no induction of structural and numerical aberrations by YH1226, a cephalosporin antibiotic regardless of metabolic activation, while positive control group (mitomycin C and benzo(a)pyrene) showed structural chromosome aberrations of 25% and 10%, respectively. The in vivo induction of micronuclei was measured in polychromatic erythrocytes in bone marrow of male ddY mouse given YH1226 at 500, 250, 125 mg/kg by i.p. once. After 24 hours, animals were sacrificed and evaluated for the incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in whole erythrocytes. Although a positive response for induction of micronuclei in animals treated with mitomycin C demonstrated the sensitivity of the test system for detection of a chemical clastogen, YH1226 did not induce microunclei in bone marrow of ddY male mice.

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Improvement of micronucleus assay in the lymphocytes using Argyrophilic nucleolor organizer region(AgNOR) staining (Argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region(AgNOR) 염색을 이용한 림프구의 미세핵분석법의 개선)

  • Kim, Sung-ho;Han, Dong-un;Kang, Mun-il;Lim, Jeong-taek
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.36 no.2
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    • pp.277-281
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    • 1996
  • A technique to improve the analysis of micronuclei(MN) in lymphocytes as a cytogenetic indicator is reported. For the purpose of diminishing the variation of the result from individual reader and making it easier to distinguish accurately a cytokinesis blicked(CB) lymphocyte and micronuclei, we tried a modified one-step silver staining technique as a method for detection of the argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region(AgNOR) with or without conventional Giemsa stain in the slide from CB method. Compared with the conventional Giemsa stain, the preparation processed with this method are especially useful for the accurate analysis of MN of cultured lymphocyte with cytochalasin B. This method will be a useful technique for automated calculation of MN.

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Evaluation of micronucleus frequency in cytokinesis-blockedlymphocytes of cattle in the vicinity of Uljin nuclear power station (세포질 분열 차단 림프구를 이용한 울진원자력발전소 주변 소의 미소핵 발생 평가)

  • Kim, Se-ra;Kang, Chang-mo;Kim, Sung-ho
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.44 no.3
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    • pp.343-348
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    • 2004
  • Cytogenetic and hematological analysis was performed in peripheral blood of cattle in the vicinity of Uljin nuclear power station and control area. The frequency of micronuclei(MN) in peripheral blood lymphocytes from cattle was used as a biomarker of radiobiological effects resulting from exposure to environmental radiation. An estimated dose of radiation was calculated by a best fitting linear-quadratic model based on the radiation-induced MN formation from the bovine lymphocytes exposed in vitro to radiation over the range from 0 Gy to 4 Gy. MN ratio in lymphocytes of cattle from Uljin nuclear power station and control area were 8.90/1,000 and 9.60/1,000, respectively. There were no significant differences in MN frequencies and hematological values in cattle between Uljin and control area.

Morphology and Biometry of Two Oxvtrichid Species of Genus Histriculus Corliss, 1960 (Ciliophora, Hypotrichida, Oxvtrichidae) from Seoul, Korea (한국산 조직하모층 속 하모류 2종(유모 문, 하모 목, 첨모하모 과)의 형태 및 통계)

  • Shin, Mann-Kyoon;Kim, Won
    • The Korean Journal of Zoology
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    • v.37 no.1
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    • pp.113-119
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    • 1994
  • The oxytrichid ticks collected from the cultivated field in Yonchon-gun, Misan-myon Kyonggi-do near Seoul, Korea and the moss-covered soils on the old castle walls in Namhansansons, Kwansiu-gun, Kyonggi-do near Seoul, Korea were Identified as Histriculus cavicola (Kahl, 19351 and H. muscorum Kahl, 1932. These two species were redescribed with illustrations. The description was based on the obsenration of living specimens, protarsol impregnated specimens and biometric analysis. These are reported for the first time from Korea and distinguished from the other congeneric species by the following characteristics: the former has 4 macronuclei, 4 micronuclei, 5 transverse cirri and rather inconspicuous marginal cirri, while the latter, 2 macronuclei, 2 micronuclei, 4 transverse cirri and conspicuous marginal cirri, respecitvely.

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