• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.123-131
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• 2023

Background: As a restorative material used to treat dental caries, the light-curing type resin is widely used, but it has the disadvantage of polymerization shrinkage. The Bulk-Fill composite resin was developed to solve these shortcomings, but the existing research mainly focused on comparing the physical properties of a composite resin and a Bulk-Fill resin. A study on the light curing time and distance of the Bulk-Fill resin itself tend to be lacking. Methods: This study compares the surface microhardness of specimens prepared by varying the light curing time and distance of smart dentin replacement (SDR) as a flowable Bulk-Fill resin and Tetric N-ceram as a packable Bulk-Fill resin, and confirms the polymerization time and distance that becomes the optimum hardness. To determine the hardness of the specimen, it was measured using the Vickers Hardness Number (Matsuzawa MMT-X, Japan). Results: In SDR, the surface microhardness decreased as the distance increased in all time groups in the change distance from the curing tip. In the change of light curing time with respect to the distance from curing tip, the surface microhardness increased as the time increased. In Tetric N-ceram, the surface microharness showed no significant difference in the change of the distance of curing tip in the group of 20 and 60 second. But in the group of 10 and 40 seconds, decreased as the distance increased. The surface microharness increased as the light curing time increased in all distance groups. Conclusion: When using SDR and Tetric N-ceram in clinical practice, it is considered that as the distance from the polymerization reactor tip increases, a longer light curing time than the polymerization time recommended by the manufacturer is required.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.55-62
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• 1989

Variation of the spray droplet velocity with spraying distance and the microstructural characteristics of spray deposits fromed by oxy-fuel thermal spraying with Ni-base alloy powder contained chrome boride for hard facing were examined. Measurements of spray droplet velocity as a function of distance from the nozzle tip were inexcellent agreement with computer simulated predictions. Optimum condition for thermal spray deposits in this experiment was found to be under #10kg/cm^2$ of acceleration gas pressure with 15cm of spraying distance. Fine microstructure and higher microhardness of the initial part of the deposits due to rapid solidification were found to be able to maintained in a thickness up to 0.4mm, and this initial microstructure and properties could be maintained throughout the thickness of a thick spray deposits by performing the multipass spraying with 0.4mm thickness of each pass.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.7 no.s1
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• pp.171-178
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• 1998

The microstructure and properties of plasma-sprayed coatings depend on a great number of spraying parameters, random factors, which lead to vibration in these spraying parameters, may in some degree influence the microstructure and properties of the coatings. Therefore, the property values appear certain distributions, and the description and comparison of the properties of plasma-sprayed coatings should be performed employing statistical analysis. In this paper, $Cr_3C_2$-Nicr coatings of different thickness were sprayed onto stainless steel using atmosphere plasma system and adopting three kinds of gun translation speeds. Then the microhardness measurements were performed on polished surface of the coatings. Forty readings were taken and statistically analyzed by calculating the characteristic values, estimating and comparing the means, and assessing whether they belonged to the Normal or Weibull Distribution. This study has found that statistical analysis could discriminate influence of spraying parameters and coating design on microhardness of the $Cr_3C_2$-Nicr coatings from random vibration, which showed that the microharness of the $Cr_3C_2$-Nicr coatings were related to gun translation speed coating thickness.