• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2009년도 춘계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1124-1129
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• 2009

골절 후 골 유합에 대한 미세직류전류 자극의 효과를 관찰하기 위하여 체중 2.5~3 ㎏내외의 6개월 령 뉴질랜드 웅성토끼 24마리를 대상으로 경골 골절 후 미세전류 자극을 적용한 실험군과 비적용군인 대조군으로 나누어 3일, 7일, 14일 및 28일 후 BMP-4에 대한 면역조직화학적 염색을 실행하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. BMP-4의 발현은 비침습식 미세전류를 적용한 실험군과 자연치유군인 대조군 모두 시간이 경과함에 따라 통계학적으로 유의하게 증가하다가 감소되었다. 그러나 실험군에서 경골 골절 3일 후 대조군은 하버씨계의 간질층판을 중심으로 약한 갈색의 면역양성반응(+)을 보였으나 실험군의 경우 중등도의 면역양성반응(++)을 보였다. 경골 골절 7일 후 대조군은 하버씨계의 동심원과 간질층판을 중심으로 중등도의 갈색의 면역양성반응(++)을 보였으나 실험군의 경우 바깥층판을 포함하여 매우 강한 갈색의 면역양성반응(++++)을 보였다. 경골 골절 14일 후 대조군은 하버씨계의 간질층판과 동심원을 중심으로 강한 갈색의 면역양성반응(+++)을 보였으며 실험군 또한 강한 면역양성반응(+++)을 보였다. 그 후 점차 감소하여 경골 골절 28일 후 대조군은 하버씨계의 간질층판을 중심으로 약한 갈색의 면역양성반응(+)을 보였으나 실험군의 경우 중등도의 면역양성반응(++)을 보였다. 위의 결과로 보면 골절 후 미세전류를 비침습적으로 적용할 때 치유과정 초기에 골형성단백질인 BMP-4의 발현을 증가시켜 골절 치유를 촉진시킴을 알 수 있다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.587-598
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to test the microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulation on muscle soreness, serum creatine kinase levels and force deficits evident following a high-intensity eccentric exercise bout. 10 volunteer male subjects were randomly assigned to a treatment group or to a control group. Exercise consisted of high-intensity eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors. Resistance was reduced as subjects fatigued, until they reached exhaustion. Muscle soreness rating was determined using a visual analog scale. Serum creatine kinase levels were analyzed using a blood sample. Force deficits were determined by measures of maximal voluntary isometric contraction at $90^{\circ}$ of elbow flexion on a Orthotron II dynamometer. Muscle soreness rating, serum creatine kinase levels and maximal voluntary isometric contraction were determined at the before exercise and again at 24 and 48 hours postexericse. Treatments were applied immediately following exercise. The control group subjects rested following their exercise bout. Statistical analysis showed significant increases in muscle soreness rating and significant decreases in maximal voluntary isometric contraction when the before exercise was compared with 24 and 48 hour measures(p<0.01). No significant effects were observed between groups in muscle soreness rating and maximal voluntary isometric contraction(p>0.05). Highly significants differences in serum creatine kinase levels were found using on Analysis of variance(ANOVA) repeated measures between groups for each time cycles(p<0.001). This modality may have benefits when used early stage in the muscle damage.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.196-203
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• 2010

본 연구는 BMP-4의 발현을 통해 골절 후 골유합에 대한 미세전류의 효과를 관찰하였다. 실험동물은 체중 2.5~3 kg내외의 6개월 령 뉴질랜드 웅성 토끼 24마리를 사용하였으며 경골 골절 후 미세전류를 적용한 실험군과 비적용군인 대조군으로 나누었고, 시간경과에 따른 변화를 관찰하기 위하여 3일, 7일, 14일 및 28일군으로 나누어 BMP-4에 대한 면역조직화학적 염색을 실행하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. BMP-4의 발현은 미세전류를 적용한 실험군과 자연치유군인 대조군 모두 시간이 경과함에 따라 증가하다가 감소되었다. 그러나 골절 7일 후 까지 동일 시점에서 실험군이 대조군에 비해 더욱 강한 면역양성 반응을 보였다. 특히 경골 골절 7일 후 대조군은 하버씨계의 동심원과 간질층판을 중심으로 중등도의 갈색의 면역양성반응을 보인데 반해 실험군의 경우 바깥층판을 포함하여 매우 강한 갈색의 면역양성반응을 보였다. 위의 결과로 보면 골절 후 미세전류를 적용할 때 치유과정 초기에 골형성단백질인 BMP-4의 발현을 증가시켜 골절 치유를 촉진시킴을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.76-87
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• 2000

Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is a common problem that can interfere with rehabilitation as well as activities of daily living. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of both transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulation (MENS) on DOMS, Twenty-seven untrained and male volunteer subjects were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: 1) a group that received TENS (7 Hz), 2) MENS (60 ${\mu}A$, .3 pps) or 3) a control group that received no treatment. Subjects performed repeated eccentric exercise of the non-dominant forearm flexor muscle with submaximal intensity by the simply designed eccentric exercise devices. Treatments were applied after 24 hours and 48 hours. Subjects attended on two consecutive days for treatment and measurement of elbow flexion, extension, resting angle (universal goniometer), and pain (visual analogue scale: VAS) on a daily basis. Measurements were taken after treatment. Analysis of results were as follows; 1) There were no significant differences between TENS and MENS by one-way repeated ANOVA, 2) The t-test for pain, resting, flexion and extension angle revealed significant differences within TENS group, 3) The t-test for resting angle revealed significant differences within MENS group.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.85-93
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• 1994

The purposes of this study were 1) to examine the effects of microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulation 2) to compare surface electrode with needle electrode at somatic acupuncture points on experimental pain threshold measured at the distal end of the radius 3) to determine the changes in effect over time. A total of sixty healthy adult male and female subjects were assigned randomly to one of two experimental group or to a control group. Group 1(n=20) received MENS(Microcurrent Electrical Neuromuscular Stimulation) with surface electrode. Group 2(n=20) received HENS with needle electrode. Group 3(n=20) received no MENS. It measured experimental pain threshold at the wrist on pretreatment, 0 min after treatment. 15 min after treatment, 30 min after treatment in two experimental group. The results were as follows: 1. Experimental pain thresholds were higher in males than females(P<0.01). 2. Only the experimental group exhibited a significant increased in pain threshold after MENS treatment(P<0.05). 3. Surface electrode group increased significant pain threshold 0 min, 15 min after treatment, but greatly decrease 30 min after treatment. 4. Needle electrode group increased significant pain threshold 0 min, 15 min after treatment, but decrease 30 min after treatment. The results suggest that MENS applied to appropriate somatic acupuncture point can increase pain threshold. Further research is needed to assess the effects of greatly variety intensity of MENS of pain sufferes.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of specific frequency and application timing of microcurrent (MC) on the mechanical property of muscle caused by delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Methods : The subjects were 32 healthy adults with 8 subjects randomly assigned to four groups (I; 40 Hz MC while inducing DOMS, II; 40 Hz MC immediately after inducing DOMS, III; 284 Hz MC while inducing DOMS, IV; 284 Hz MC immediately after inducing DOMS). DOMS is applied to the biceps brachii muscle while MC was applied at an intensity of $300{\mu}A$ for 10 minutes. The mechanical properties of muscle were measured before and immediately after DOMS. Results : In terms of muscle tone, there were significant differences in interaction effects between time and groups. Regarding muscle elasticity and stiffness, there were no significant differences in interaction effects between time and groups but there were only significant differences in main effects based on time. Conclusion : The results indicated that 40 Hz MC had an effect on reducing muscle tone regardless of application timing. However, both 40 Hz and 284 Hz MC did not trigger changes in muscle elasticity and stiffness regardless of application timing.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2017

Microcurrent electrical stimulation(MES) has been used to accelerate recovery of atrophied skeletal muscle. However, convincing stimulation parameters for suppressing muscle atrophy due to injured sciatic nerve remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effective intensity of MES on restraining muscle atrophy with rat model underwent sciatic nerve injury(SNI). Twenty-5-week-old Sprague Dawley male rats were equally assigned to five groups : Control group(Control, CON, n = 4), Denervation group(Denervation, D, n = 4), Denervation with MES of $22{\mu}A$ group(Denervation + $22{\mu}A$, D+22, n = 4), Denervation with MES of $100{\mu}A$ group (Denervation + $100{\mu}A$, D+100 n = 4), Denervation with MES of $400{\mu}A$ group(Denervation + $400{\mu}A$, D+400, n = 4). To induce muscle atrophy, all rats in the D, D+22, D+100, and D+400 groups, were subjected to sciatic nerve injury on their right hindlimb and allowed to have 1 week of resting period. Following this period, rats underwent daily MES(60 min/ a day, 5times/1week) for 4 weeks. After that, we investigate morphological changes in muscle volume by using in vivo micro-computed tomography at week 0, 1, 3 and 5. After 5 weeks, the muscle volume had the highest value in D+400 group, and also noticeably increased in D+100 group compared to it in D group. The results of this study imply that MES with current intensities between $100-400{\mu}A$ can suppress muscle atrophy effectively.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.319-329
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• 2000

The purpose of this study w8s to evaluate the effects of pulsed electromagnetic energy(Diapulse) and microcurrent on the wound healing in rabbits. 15 domestic rabbits were randomly assigned to the PRME(n=5). MC(n=5) and CON(n=91 group. Each rabbits were anesthetized with lidocaine HCL $2\%$. Skin wounds were created laterally on the back of IS domestic rabbits(33cm). From 24 hours after being injured, the rabbits of the PEME group were irradiated with an intensity of 3 at a 300 pulses per second, which were applied for 15 minutes every day during the 12 days. The MC group were stimulated with an intensity of $50{\mu}A$ at frequency of40 pulses per second, which were applied for 15 minutes every day during the 12 days. The CON group were not stimulated. The rabbits were sacrificed and the incised wound pans were processed appropriately for the light microscopic examination on the 3rd day, 6th day and 12th day before the beginning of wound treatment. The areas of wound were measured with metric graph paper. The results were as tallows. 1 The PRME and MC group compared with control group showed that wound closure rate increased on 6th, 12th day. 2. It was found that the CON group did not show a complete maturation and had a chronic inflammatory response. Judging from the irregularity of intercellular space and the loose alignment of connective tissue. these findings showed that wound healing was delayed. 3. It showed that inflammatory cells. fibroblasts and epithelial cells activity rapidly processed in the PEME group compared with the CON group. It was found that the PEMI; group showed a advanced remodeling of epithelial layer and a positive repair of connective tissue. 4. It showed that fibroblasts, epithelial cells and inflammatory cells activity rapidly processed in the MC group compared with the CON group. It was found that the MC group showed a improved remodeling of epithelial layer and a dense connective tissue.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2014

Purpose : Delayed onset muscle soreness(DOMS) is a common problem that can interfere with rehabilitation as well as activities of daily living. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of both trascutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) Micro current(MC) and only normal Therapy on Delyed Onset Muscle Soreness(DOMS). Method : The Methods ten untrained and male volunteer subjects were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: 1) a group that received TENS (60Hz) MC($60{\mu}A$, 3pps) a control group that received no MC treatment. Subjects performed repeated eccentric exercise of the non-dominant forearm flexor muscle with submaximal intensity by the simply designed eccentric exercise devices. Treatments were applied after 24hours and 48hours. Subjects attended on two consecutive days for treatment and measurement of paining(visual analogue scale: VAS) and CK(Creatine kinase) on a daily basis. Measurements were taken after treatment. Results : 1) There were no significant differences between TENS and MENS by two-way repeated ANOVA. The Results that t-test for VAS revealed significant differences within TENS group. 3) The t-test for VAS, and Creatine Kinase of time revealed significant differences within MC group. Conclusion : These findings suggest that both TENS and MENS had effect on DOMS.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.118-126
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate pain relief and functional recovery after total knee replacement. Methods: The treatment was performed by dividing individuals into a control group ($n_1=5$), ultrasound treatment group ($n_2=5$), and micro-current treatment group ($n_3=5$). The control group applied the hot pack for 15 minutes, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) for 15 minutes, and Continuous Passive Movement (CPM) for 40 minutes. The ultrasound therapy group applied the frequency of 1 MHz, intensity of 1.0 $W/cm^2$ for five minutes following the same treatment as the control group. The micro-current therapy group applied the intensity of 25 ${\mu}A$, and pulsation frequency 5 pps for 15 minutes following the same treatment as the control group. After treatment, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Korean Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (K-WOMAC), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Range of Movement (ROM) and wound length was measured. Results: VAS showed significant effect in the control group and micro-current therapy group during the treatment period. According to the treatment of K-WOMACK, BBS, ROM, and Healing wounds showed main effects between groups. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, data showed improvement of pain relief, wound healing effects, and range of motion recovery. Thus, these selected treatments were effective after total knee replacement. In other words, electrical treatment continues to influence pain relief and functional recovery after total knee replacement.